• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2019.06a
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• pp.212-215
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• 2019

지난 4월4일 고성 산불로 사망자 2명과 부상자 1명, 가옥 500여 채, 삼림 1757ha가 불에 탔다. 강원 산불에 이어 영덕지진 등에서 늑장대응을 보여준 재난방송시스템에는 많은 국민들에게 실망감을 안겨주었다. 재난방송 주관방송사인 KBS는 물론, MBC, SBS의 경우도 재난방송시스템에 관련 된 측면에서 본다면 아직 이웃나라 인 일본에 비해서는 매우 열악한 형편이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 점점 대형화, 다발화 하는 재난발생에 대응하기 위해서는 국가적인 차원에서도 특단의 조치가 필요하다. 미국의 경우는 차세대 재난정보 전달체계인 IPAWS(Integrated Public Alert and Warning System)를 개발해 지상파뿐만 아니라, 케이블TV, SNS 등 다양한 매체를 통해 재난정보를 신속하게 전달하고 있다. 일본도 이와 유사한 재난경보전달시스템인 J-Alert를 개발해 2020년까지는 '재난 약자 제로(Zero)시대'를 목표로 구현하고 있다. 우리나라는 지난 아현동 KT 화재사건에서도 경험했듯이 통신이 먹통이 되는 통신블랙아웃도 경험했다. 따라서 대형재난발생 시는 신속한 재난경보전달시스템이 재난피해를 줄일 수 있는 가장 중요한 생명줄이 될 수 있다. 미국이나 일본의 경우는 재난방송전달시스템을 관련법령으로 제도화 하고 있다. 특히, 일본에는 재난에 관한 모법이라고 할 수 있는 (1)"재해대책기본법"이 있는데, 이는 재해로부터 국토, 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하기 위한 기본법으로 규정되어 있다. 그 밖에도 (2)방송법 (3)대규모지진대책특별 조치법 (4)국민보호법 (5)소방조직법 (6)수해방지법 등으로 규정하고 있다. 과거 일본도 우리나라와 같이 대형 산불이 잦았으나 요즘은 소형 산불만 발생하는 추세다. 이는 NHK가 보유한 700여 대의 로봇카메라와 전 국토를 샅샅이 감시하는 CCTV 덕택이다. 또한, NHK 보도국의 '기상 재해센터'는 재난에 대비해 40여 명의 전문 인력이 24시간 대응체제를 갖추고 있다. 나아가 NHK는 전국 12개의 거점지역에 헬리콥터 15대를 배치하여 신속하게 취재하고 있다. 이 뿐만 아니라, 46개의 지역방송국을 7개의 거점방송국으로 분할하여, 거점방송국마다 40여명의 카메라맨을 상주시켜 언제든지 재난을 취재할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 세계 각국에서 사용하고 있는 방송 주파수는 공공재(公共材)다. 국제전기통신연합(ITU : International Telecommunication Union)으로부터 주파수를 할당받아 사용하고 있기 때문에 주파수에 관한 사용 권한은 각국의 국민 모두에게 있다. 그러나 효과적인 주파수 활용을 전제로 정부가 일정한 자격을 갖춘 방송사업자에게 일시적으로 주파수 사용권을 위임하고 있다. 따라서 일본 정부도 국가적인 위기나 대형 재난발생으로 국민들의 생명과 재산이 위협받고 있을 때에는 공공재인 주파수를 즉시 재난방송으로 사용할 수 있도록 <재해대책기본법 제6조>와 방송법 제108조에 규정하고 있다.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2021

Purpose: Traditional markets often have irregular space utilization patterns because the spaces are created and divided as time passed. Internally, there is high risk of fire due to problems such as aging facilities and high-density of stores and externally, there is high risk of fire spread since it is often adjacent to deteriorated residential and commercial facilities. Method: In this paper, on-site investigations were carried out to check fire risk factors and fire spread risk, and fire occurrence and expansion risk factors were investigated for traditional markets in Hwanghak-dong and Dong-daemun by using large-scale fire data from existing traditional markets. Result: As a result of the analysis, there are likely to be various problems such as high fire load and lack of safety awareness due to aging facilities and high-density of stores. In particular, it is necessary to prepare countermeasures because deteriorated residential facilities with narrow alleys around traditional markets have high fire spread. It is situation that while traditional markets mainly are managing for fire and disaster centering on the merchant association, the surrounding residential areas are not properly managed. Conclusion: It is necessary to manage deteriorated residential facilities with traditional markets, also to be linked early warning system and information to evacuate rapidly in case of fire there.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.467-475
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• 2021

Purpose: When a patient with acute deterioration occurs in a ward, the decision to transfer to intensive care unit (ICU) is critical to improve the patient's outcomes. However, when available ICU resources limited, it is difficult to determine which of the deteriorating ward patients to transfer to the ICU. Therefore the purpose of this study was to identify risk factors in predicting deteriorating ward patients transferred to intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: We reviewed retrospectively clinical data of 2,945 deteriorating ward patients who referred medical emergency team. Data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. Results: The solid cancer that diagnosed at hospitalization (odds ratio[OR] 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32-0.47), when the cause of deterioration was respiratory problem (1.51; 95% CI 1.17-1.95), high MEWS (1.22; 1.17-1.28) and SpO2/FiO2 score (2.41; 2.23-2.60) were predictive of ICU transfer. Conclusion: These findings suggest that early prediction and treatment of patients with high risk of ICU transfer may improve the prognosis of patients.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.245-245
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• 2017

하천 시설물은 홍수시 혹은 비상시 운영할 수 있는 경보시스템이나 관리지침 등의 마련이 필수적임에도 불구하고, 현재까지 가동보 시설물에 대한 비상시 운영 메뉴얼 및 경보시스템이 구축되지 못한 실정이다. 4대강 살리기 사업이나 하천정비사업과 같은 대표적인 하천관련 사업에서 단순한 하천 이 치수 목적뿐만 아니라 소수력 발전, 친수공간조성 등의 다목적 활용을 위하여 가동보 설치 사업이 다수 수행되었으며, 현재 국내 하천에 약 1,200여개의 가동보가 설치 운영되고 있다. 이와 같이 다목적 활용을 위하여 가동보의 수요가 급증하는데 반해, 각 설치 현장 상황에 적합한 가동보 운영지침이나 비상경보시스템이 구축되지 못한 실정이며, 적절한 지침 없이 관행적인 가동보 방류로 인한 물놀이 안전사고나 인명피해가 속출하고 있는 실정이다. 2012년 11월에는 하천 제수변 공사를 위해 전주천에 설치한 가동보를 임시적으로 방류하였는데, 하류측의 안전을 확인하지 않고 관행적으로 가동보를 방류하였고, 경보시스템의 부재로 인하여 가동보 하류측 징검다리를 건너는 유치원생들이 급류에 휩쓸리는 사고가 발생하였고, 최근 2014년 5월에는 수원시에 위치한 원천저수지 여수로 둑에 설치된 가로 34m 높이 1.6m 크기의 가동보가 공기압축기의 오작동으로 인하여 보 높이가 낮아지면서 약 30분 원천저수지 하류의 원천리천에 갑자기 무리 불어나 산책로가 침수되고 인근에 산책하던 주민들이 휩쓸려 떠내려가는 사고가 발생하였다. 해외에서도 가동보 운영 미숙으로 인하여 인명사고가 발생하는데, 2008년 11월 호주에서는 하류측 상황 점검이나 경고 방송 없이 가동보를 도복시켜 4살 여아가 급류에 사망하는 사고가 발생하였다. 국외의 경우에는, 상류측 홍수 수위나 하류측 역류 수위를 조절하기 위하여 가동보의 높이를 제어하는 시스템을 구비하고 있지만 이러한 시스템 역시 단순한 수위조절 기능으로서 가동보의 방류량을 제어하지 못하는 실정이다. 가동보를 운영하기 위한 조작시스템은 국내의 경우, 조작실의 조작판넬을 이용하여 가동보의 기립/도복 조작이나 원격 조작 기능과 같은 단순기능만을 구비하고 있어 가동보 방류시 하류측의 범람 피해를 야기하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 가동보 방류에 의한 하류측 범람 피해를 최소화하기 위하여 (1)가동보 도복에 의한 방류량 산정 알고리즘을 개발하고, (2) 방류량에 따른 하류측 수위상승 범위 예측 기법을 개발하고, (3) 가동보 도복 속도를 제어하는 방류량 제어시스템을 개발하고, (4) 가동보 방류에 의한 비상경보시스템을 개발하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.91-101
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• 2021

This paper intends to draw implications for preparing for Post-Corona in the health field and policy fields as the global pandemic is experienced due to COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to analyze the news and trends of media companies through temporal analysis of the three infectious diseases, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), in which the domestic infectious disease preventive system was active throughout the first year of the outbreak. To this end, by using the news analysis program of the Korea Press Foundation 'Big Kinds', the number of news articles per year was digitized based on the period when each infectious disease had an impact on Korea, and major trends were implemented and analyzed in a word cloud. As a result of the analysis, the number of articles related to infectious diseases peaked when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a warning and (suspicious) confirmed cases occurred. According to keyword and word cloud analysis, 'infectious disease outbreak and major epidemic areas', 'prevention authorities', and 'disease information and confirmed patient information' were found to be the main common features, and differences were derived from the three infectious diseases. In addition, the current status of the infodemic was identified by performing word cloud analysis on information in uncertainty. The results of this study are significant in that they were able to derive the roles of the health authorities and the media that should be preceded in the event of a new disease epidemic through previously experienced infectious diseases, and areas to be rearranged.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.18-29
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• 2022

Recently, cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS) testbeds have been deployed in great numbers, and advanced autonomous driving research using V2X communication technology has been conducted actively worldwide. In particular, the broadcasting services in their beginning days, giving warning messages, basic safety messages, traffic information, etc., gradually developed into advanced network services, such as platooning, remote driving, and sensor sharing, that need to perform real-time. In addition, technologies improving these advanced network services' throughput and latency are being developed on many fronts to support these services. Notably, this research analyzed the network latency requirements of the advanced network services to develop a remote driving service for the droid type low-speed robot based on the 3GPP C-V2X communication technology. Subsequently, this remote driving service's performance was evaluated using system modeling (that included the operator behavior) and simulation. This evaluation showed that a respective core and access network latency of less than 30 ms was required to meet more than 90 % of the remote driving service's performance requirements under the given test conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.43-57
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a method of analyzing research papers published by researchers belonging to university departments in the field of disaster & safety for the scientometric analysis of the research status in the field of disaster safety. In order to conduct analysis research, the dataset constructed in previous studies was newly improved and utilized. In detail, for research papers of authors belonging to the disaster prevention and safety engineering type department of domestic universities, institution identification, cited journal identification of references, department type classification, disaster safety type classification, researcher major information, KSIC(Korean Standard Industrial Classification) mapping information was reflected in the experimental data. The proposed method has a difference from previous studies in the field of disaster & safety and data set based on related keyword searches. As a result of the analysis, the type and regional distribution of organizations belonging to the department of disaster prevention and safety engineering, the composition of co-authored department types, the researchers' majors, the status of disaster safety types and standard industry classification, the status of citations in academic journals, and major keywords were identified in detail. In addition, various co-occurrence networks were created and visualized for each analysis unit to identify key connections. The research results will be used to identify and recommend major organizations and information by disaster type for the establishment of an intelligent crisis warning system. In order to provide comprehensive and constant analysis information in the future, it is necessary to expand the analysis scope and automate the identification and classification process for data set construction.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2023

In recent years, ransomware attacks have become more organized and specialized, with the sophistication of attacks targeting specific individuals or organizations using tactics such as social engineering, spear phishing, and even machine learning, some operating as business models. In order to effectively respond to this, various researches and solutions are being developed and operated to detect and prevent attacks before they cause serious damage. In particular, honeypots can be used to minimize the risk of attack on IT systems and networks, as well as act as an early warning and advanced security monitoring tool, but in cases where ransomware does not have priority access to the decoy file, or bypasses it completely. has a disadvantage that effective ransomware response is limited. In this paper, this honeypot is optimized for the user environment to create a reliable real-time dynamic honeypot file, minimizing the possibility of an attacker bypassing the honeypot, and increasing the detection rate by preventing the attacker from recognizing that it is a honeypot file. To this end, four models, including a basic data collection model for dynamic honeypot generation, were designed (basic data collection model / user-defined model / sample statistical model / experience accumulation model), and their validity was verified.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.268-276
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• 2010

Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Law was activated into force on March 2009. By the law, the obligation to monitor the effect of earthquake on the facilities was extended to many organizations such as gas company and local governments. Based on the estimation of National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), the number of free-surface acceleration stations would be expanded to more than 400. The advent of internet protocol and the more simplified operation have allowed the quick and easy installation of seismic stations. In addition, the dynamic range of seismic instruments has been continuously improved enough to evaluate damage intensity and to alert alarm directly for earthquake hazard mitigation. For direct visualization of damage intensity and area, Real Time Intensity COlor Mapping (RTICOM) is explained in detail. RTICOM would be used to retrieve the essential information for damage evaluation, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). Destructive earthquake damage is usually due to surface waves which just follow S wave. The peak amplitude of surface wave would be pre-estimated from the amplitude and frequency content of first arrival P wave. Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system is conventionally defined to estimate local magnitude from P wave. The status of EEW is reviewed and the application of EEW to Odesan earthquake is exampled with ShakeMap in order to make clear its appearance. In the sense of rapidity, the earthquake announcement of Korea Meteorological Agency (KMA) might be dramatically improved by the adaption of EEW. In order to realize hazard mitigation, EEW should be applied to the local crucial facilities such as nuclear power plants and fragile semi-conduct plant. The distributed EEW is introduced with the application example of Uljin earthquake. Not only Nation-wide but also locally distributed EEW applications, all relevant information is needed to be shared in real time. The plan of extension of Korea Integrated Seismic System (KISS) is briefly explained in order to future cooperation of data sharing and utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.5 s.116
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• pp.527-544
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• 2006

This study provides a definition of heat waves, which indicate the conditions of strong sultriness in summer, appropriate to Korea and intends to clarify long term(1973-2006) averaged spatial and temporal patterns of annual frequency of heat waves with respect to their intensity. Based on examination of the Korean mortality rate changes due to increase of apparent temperature under hot and humid summer conditions, three consecutive days with at least $32.5^{\circ}C,\;35.5^{\circ}C,\;38.5^{\circ}C,\;and\;41.5^{\circ}C$ of daily maximum Heat Index are defined as the Hot Spell(HS), the Heat Wave(HW), the Strong Heat Wave(SHW), and the Extreme Heat Wave(EHW), respectively. The annual frequency of all categories of heat waves is relatively low in high-elevated regions or on islands adjacent to seas. In contrast, the maximum annual frequency of heat waves during the study period as well as annual average frequency are highest in interior, low-elevated regions along major rivers in South Korea, particularly during the Changma Break period(between late July and mid-August). There is no obvious increasing or decreasing trend in the annual total frequency of all categories of heat waves for the study period However, the maximum annual frequencies of HS days at each weather station were recorded mainly in the 1970s, while most of maximum frequency records of both the HW and the SHW at individual weather stations were observed in the 1990s. It is also revealed that when heat waves occur in South Korea high humidity as well as high temperature contributes to increasing the heat wave intensity by $4.3-9.5^{\circ}C$. These results provide a useful basis to help develop a heat wave warning system appropriate to Korea.