• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2010

The randomized response technique is an indirect question that employs a randomizing device to protect respondents' privacy. The technique is now considered the most efficient of the newly developed techniques. In this technique, Chang et al. (2004) suggests an improved forced-answer technique and finds more efficient conditions than Warner did in 1965. But it is the weakness of the technique to lose more information than a direct response technique does. Therefore, a lot of researches have developed new techniques to reduce loss of information, to enhance estimated efficiency, and to efficiently use collected information. Considering this tendency, this paper also tries to improve Chang's technique. It suggests the technique that is extended from Chang's and finds more efficient conditions than Chang's technique and Mangat and Singh's (1990) did.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.141-147
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• 1994

In the present paper an attempt has been made to develop a stratified ramdomized response technique when the respondents are selected using simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) as well as simple random sampling with replacement (SRSWR). The conditions under which the proposed technique will be more efficient than the corresponding Warner's technique have been obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.275-278
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• 2003

In this paper, a simple and obvious procedure is presented that allows to estimate $\pi$, the population proportion of a sensitive group. Suggested procedure is combined procedure of direct question and randomized response technique. It is found that the proposed procedure is more efficient than Warner's(1965).

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2006

In this study, we make an effort to find a method to acquire sensitive information when sensitive populations are consisted of several clusters that vary in size. We suggest and systemize the theoretical validity for applying RRT(Randomized Response Technique) to PPS(Probability Proportional to Size) sampling method and derive the estimate and it's variance of the proportion of sensitive characteristic of population by using the suggested method. We compare the efficiency of the suggested technique by two-stage equal probability sampling. We examine practical aspects of the suggested method of RRT by PPS sampling through field survey.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 1996

In surveys on certain social problems which are sensitive in nature, many techniques have been introduced in order to protect evasive or untruthful answers. We suggest a multiple trial randomized response technique(MRRT) and it turns out that MRRT is feasible and more efficient by reducing the variance of the estimate than single trial RRT's investigated by Warner(1965), Mangat & Singh(1990), Mangat(1994).

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.533-543
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• 2010

Asking sensitive questions by a direct survey method causes non-response bias and response bias. Non-response bias arises from interviewees refusal to respond and response bias arises from giving incorrect responses. To rectify these biases, Warner (1965) introduced a randomized response model which is an alternative survey method for socially undesirable or incriminating behavior questions. The randomized response model is a procedure for collecting the information on sensitive characteristics without exposing the identity of the respondent. Many survey researchers have proposed diverse variants of the Warner randomized response model and applied their model to collect the information of sensitive questions. Using an optimal allocation, we proposed three-stage stratified randomized response technique which is an extension of the Kim and Elam (2005) two-stage stratified randomized response technique. In this study, we showed that the estimator based on the proposed response model is more efficient than Kim and Elam (2005). But by adding one more survey step to the Kim and Elam (2005), our proposed model may have relatively less privacy protection compared to the Kim and Elam (2005) model.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1435-1444
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate Raman spectroscopy technique as a noninvasive tool to predict meat quality traits on Braford longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle. Methods: Thirty samples of muscle from Braford steers were analyzed by classical meat quality techniques and by Raman spectroscopy with 785 nm laser excitation. Water holding capacity (WHC), intramuscular fat content (IMF), cooking loss (CL), and texture profile analysis recording hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness were determined, along with fiber diameter and sarcomere length by scanning electron microscopy. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) analysis was used to differentiate tender and tough meat groups. Results: Higher values of cohesiveness and CL, together with lower values of WHC, IMF, and shorter sarcomere were obtained for tender meat samples than for the tougher ones. Raman spectra analysis allows tender and tough sample differentiation. The correlation between the quality attributes predicted by Raman and the physical measurements resulted in values of R² = 0.69 for hardness and 0,58 for WBSF. Pearson's correlation coefficient of hardness (r = 0.84) and WBSF (r = 0.79) parameters with the phenylalanine Raman signal at 1,003 cm^-1, suggests that the content of this amino acid could explain the differences between samples. Conclusion: Raman spectroscopy with 785 nm laser excitation is a suitable and accurate technique to identify beef with different quality attributes.