• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pre-warming on body temperature, anxiety, pain, and thermal comfort. Methods: Forty patients who were scheduled for abdominal surgery were recruited as study participants and were assigned to the experimental or control group. For the experimental group, a forced air warmer was applied for 45-90 min (M=68.25, SD=15.50) before surgery. Body temperature and anxiety were measured before and after the experiment, but pain and thermal comfort were assessed only after the surgery. Hypotheses were tested using t-test and repeated measured ANOVA. Results: The experimental group showed higher body temperature than the control group from right before induction to two hours after surgery. Post-operative anxiety and pain in the experimental group were less than those of the control group. In addition, the score of thermal comfort was significantly higher in the experiment group. Conclusion: Pre-warming is effective in maintaining body temperature, lowering sensitivity to pain and anxiety, and promoting thermal comfort. Therefore, pre-warming can be recommended as a preoperative nursing intervention.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.405-416
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• 2011

In order to clarify the impact of regional warming on the ozone concentration according to the differences in meteorological contribution in each city over the South-Eastern part of the Korean Peninsula, several numerical experiments were carried out. WRF - CMAQ model was used to access the ozone differences in each case, during the episode day. Meteorological contributions estimated by WRF command a reasonable feature on the dispersion of ozone concentrations in each city according to regional warming. This causes a difference in estimated ozone concentration. A higher ozone concentration difference tend to be forecasted in coastal cities than in upcountry city. Therefore, the emission reduction policy according to the regional warming should consider the characteristics of meteorological contribution of each city.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to examine the changes in cold discomfort according to the type of blanket used after surgery. Methods : Women scheduled for Cesarean Section were divided into two groups. After the surgery, 30 patients were covered with a warming blanket which was set at $40^{\circ}C$ by the warmer and the other 30 patients were covered with an ordinary blanket. Both group's cold discomfort was measured at 5 time points using a mercury thermometer, shivering scale. and subjective thermal sensation scale. Data were analyzed by using mean scores with t-test, paired t-test using the SPSS/WIN program. Result: At 30 min after being covered with the blanket, the axillary temperature had returned to the pre-operation temperature in both groups. At 45 min after being covered with the blanket, the women in the warming blanket group had no further shivering but for those in the ordinary blanket group shivering continued. At 45 min after being covered with the blanket, the women in the warming blanket group had returned to the condition before surgery, but those in the ordinary blanket group continued to complain of cold sensation. Conclusion: This study suggests that use of a warming blanket helps to relieve cold discomfort following surgery. This study is also expected to enhance understanding of the Importance of subjective data by exploring the difference between subjective complaints and objective data about cold discomfort.

• 대기
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2022

As climate change due to global warming continues to be accelerated, various extreme events become more intense, more likely to occur and longer-lasting on a much larger scale. Recent studies show that global warming acts as the primary driver of extreme events and that heat-related extreme events should be attributed to anthropogenic global warming. Among them, both terrestrial and marine heat waves are great concerns for human beings as well as ecosystems. Taking place around the world, one of those events appeared over East Sea in July 2021 with record-breaking high temperature. Meanwhile, climate condition around East Sea was favorable for anomalous warming with less total cloud cover, more incoming solar radiation, and shorter period of Changma rainfall. According to the results of wave activity flux analysis, highly activated meridional mode of teleconnection that links western North Pacific to East Asia caused localized warming over East Sea to become stronger.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2008

Long-term tide-gauge data from around the Korean Peninsula were reanalyzed. Both the coastal water and the open sea surrounding the Korean Peninsula appeared to have been influenced by global warming. The long-term change in relative sea levels obtained from tidal stations showed a general rising trend, especially near Jeju Island. It is proposed that global warming may have caused shifting of the path of the Kuroshio branch (Tsushima Warm Current) toward Jeju Island, causing a persistent increase in the water levels along the coast of the island over the last few decades.

• 기술사
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2012

Global warming is worsen and worsen every day, But we have no result to overcome this crisis omen. With regret we have no means of curing the circumstances. Firstly we must know exact causes of the warming, Secondly we have to reduce any consumable materials use qnd find a new green way to cultivate crops productions. I suggest, we, the P.E should do the work for retardation of global warming.

• 한국해안해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해안해양공학회 2003년도 한국해안해양공학발표논문집
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• pp.18-27
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• 2003

The goal of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is to stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentration for preventing global warming in future. However, there are many unknown factors regarding stabilization of CO2 concentration. What level of concentration should be appropriate to prevent global warming？ When should we stop the increase of CO2 concentration\ulcorner What kind of countermeasures of reducing CO2 emission will be available for CO2 stabilization？(omitted)

• 대기
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2013

We present here the future changes in vertical distribution of temperature and tropopause height using the HadGEM2-AO climate model forced with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios. Projected changes during the 21st century are shown as differences from the baseline period (1971~2000) for global vertical distribution of temperature and tropopause height. All RCP scenarios show warming throughout the troposphere and cooling in the stratosphere with amplified warming over the lower troposphere in the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. Upper troposphere warming reaches a maximum in the tropics at the 300 hPa level associated with lapse-rate feedback. Also, the cooling in the stratosphere and the warming in the troposphere raises the height of the tropopause.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

This study is about interdisciplinary education model of using Davis Guggenheim's documentary film on global warming which is a big concern in climate change issues, An Inconvenient Truth. It based on Al Gore's slide speech. Through a course student analyzed the cause and phenomenon of global warming resulted from increase of $CO_2$ by using fossil fuel and its environmental science effects-heat wave, desertification, tornado, hurricane, sea level rise caused by melting glaciers, destroying ecosystem like habitat degradation of wild animals, for example polar bear, extreme cold wave caused by change of ocean currents- of global warming. After, student discussed of efforts to prevent global warming. This educational model is appropriate for lower grade student of environmental engineering and also available for converged majors or general education class.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.226-226
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• 2015

The complex climate system regarding human actions is well represented through global climate models (GCMs). The output from GCMs provides useful information about the rate and magnitude of future climate change. Especially, the temperature variable is most reliable among other GCM outputs. However, hydrological variables (e.g. precipitation) from GCM outputs for future climate change contain too high uncertainty to use in practice. Therefore, we propose a method that simulates temperature variable with increasing in a certain level (e.g. 0.5oC or 1.0oC increase) as a global warming scenario from observed data. In addition, a hydrometeorological variable can be simulated employing block-wise sampling technique associated with the temperature simulation. The proposed method was tested for assessing the future change of the seasonal precipitation in South Korea under global warming scenario. The results illustrate that the proposed method is a good alternative to levy the variation of hydrological variables under global warming condition.