• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.660-667
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week brisk walking and brisk walking plus diet program on C-Reactive Protein(CRP) in middle-aged obese hypertriglycemic($triglyceride{\geq}150mg/d{\ell}$) Korean women. Method: The subjects were 16 obese ($BMI{\geq}25$) hypertriglycemic middle-aged women (7 for brisk walking group, 9 for brisk walking plus diet group) who participated in a health promotion program at one public health center. Initially the brisk walking intervention consisted of walking for 20 minutes/day at an intensity of 40 to 50% of heart rate reserve(HRR) for 3 days/week and progressed to 50 minutes/day, 60 to 70% of their HRR, and 6 days/week. The diet intervention consisted of 60 minutes of group education and 20 to 30 minutes of individual counseling with a nutritionist every week. Data were analyzed with SPSS PC program. Results: There was no significant reduction in CRP levels in both brisk walking (Z=-1.70, p=0.088) and brisk walking plus diet group(Z=-0.31, p=0.752). In brisk walking only group, CRP levels were increased after the intervention. Conclusion: Brisk walking could increase the level of CRP when it is in the course of progression and diet could decrease the acute phase inflammatory response.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2000

This study was to measure whether single axis foot or the SACH foot applied to below-knee amputation patients would bring positive changes to the patients' cardiopulmonary function, and help them to overcome their disability. The experiment took place at Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, from July 20th to November 20th, 1999 with 10 below-knee amputation patients. The patients were asked to equip single axis foot and SACH foot by turns and lead them to walk on a treadmill which was designed to increase its steep slope. Patients heart rate and blood pressure were recorded before and after their walking, The heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure of the patients who were equipped with, either SACH foot or single axis foot, have been increased with as the slant becoming steeper. The heart rates during the experiment did not show relevant changes according to the kind of foot used and the gradient, but the changes occurred before and after the walking(p=0.0001), The similar result of systolic blood pressure was found during the waking(p=0.01). Below-knee amputation patients are expected to walk and perform the routines better, no matter what type of foot is used, as long as they wear an artificial foot properly and taking features of foot product into consideration

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2021

본 연구는 보행 훈련시 심박수의 변화에 따라 보행속도를 조절하여 뇌졸중 환자의 심폐기능의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상자는 만성 뇌졸중 환자 20명을 무작위로 실험군과 대조군으로 분류하여 연구를 진행하였다. 실험군은 심박수 측정기를 착용한 상태로 트레드밀에서 심박수의 변화에 따라 보행속도를 증가 또는 감소시키면서 보행훈련을 실시하였고, 대조군은 대상자의 주관적인 속도에 의해 보행훈련을 실시하였다. 보행훈련 사이에 10분 간격으로 1분씩 휴식시간을 부여했으며 주 3회씩 총 6주간 중재를 실시하였다. 대상자들의 중재이후의 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 폐활량(VC), 호기예비용적(ERV), 흡기예비용적(IRV) 노력성 폐활량(FVC), 1초간 노력성 호기량(FEV1), 최대 호기 속도(PEF)를 측정하여 심폐기능의 변화를 확인하였다. 연구결과 폐활량, 흡기예비용적, 호기예비용적에서 집단과 시기사이에서 상호작용을 나타내었으며 주효과인 집단 및 시기 간 유의한 차이도 나타났다(p<.05), 1초간 노력성 호기량, 노력성 폐활량, 최대 호기속도에서는 그룹과 시기사이에서 상호작용이 나타나지 않았다. 주 효과에서는 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나(p>.05) 시기 간에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 연구결과 보행과정에서 심박수의 변화에 따라 속도를 변화시켜 훈련을 시행할 경우 심폐기능의 유의한 향상을 보인 것으로 보아 보행 훈련시 속도변화를 통해 훈련을 할 경우 심폐기능의 유의한 변화를 이끌어 낼 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1266-1273
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 double rocker sole을 채용한 기능성(complex function double rocker sole; CDR) 신발과 negative-heel rocker sole(NR)을 채용한 신발의 보행 중 에너지 소비량을 비교하여 보행시 에너지 사용을 증가시킬 수 있는 기능성 신발에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2011년 3~8월까지 40~50대 중년여성 11명을 대상으로 inbody 4.0 (Biospace, Korea)로 체성분 검사와 Vmax ST(SensorMedics, USA)로 운동부하 심폐기능 검사를 실시한 후, 분당 보행에너지 소비량(walking energy cost per time; WECt)과 심박수 운동강도(Heart rate intensity; HRi)를 산출하였다. 연구 결과, CDR신발은 NR신발에 비하여 심박수 운동강도의 통계적 유의차 없이 분당 보행에너지 소비량과 총 칼로리 소비량이 높게 나타나, CDR신발은 동일한 운동 조건 속에서 자각적 운동강도를 증가시키지 않고 운동량을 증가시킬 수 있으므로 에너지소모량을 높이고자 하는 사람에게 적합할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.401-409
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• 2021

이 연구는 천안시 태조산의 산림 경사 트레킹 시 80bpm 및 130+30bpm의 속도로 걷기 운동 후 정적회복 및 동적회복방법이 회복 중 심박수, 혈중젖산농도, 혈중글루코스에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 산림환경의 경사 트레킹 후 효율적인 회복방법을 알아보고자 하였다. 걷기 운동을 하는데 이상이 없는 20-30대 남자 9명을 대상으로 80bpm 속도와 130+30bpm 속도로 트레킹 후 정적회복방법과 동적회복방법에 따라 얻은 결과를 이원 반복측정 분산분석(Two-way repeated ANOVA)방법으로 분석하였으며, 유의한 차이가 나는 경우 contrast의 repeated 방법을 적용하여 비교 분석하였다. 80bpm 조건에서의 심박수는 방법(p=.008)과 시기(p=.000)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 혈중젖산농도는 회복방법에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었으나(p=.401), 시기에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p=.000). 혈중글루코스는 회복방법에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으며(p=.093), 정적회복방법의 시기에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p=.002). 130bpm+30bpm 조건에서의 심박수는 방법(p=.002)과 시기(p=.000)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 혈중젖산농도는 방법(p=.001)과 시기(p=.000)에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 혈중글루코스농도는 방법(p=.721)과 시기(p=090)간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• 감성과학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2023

This study aimed to build on past findings about differences in personal walking experiences by demonstrating what elements were beneficial to participants with different walking habits. Accordingly, this study established the relationships between valued walking elements and people's motivation to walk, by dividing participants into three groups: Group W for people with a walking habit, Group HW for people who walk occasionally but not regularly, and Group NW for people who do not walk habitually. Participants walked a familiar and an unfamiliar route with a wearable device that recorded their heart-rate variability and electrodermal activity. Changes in the biometric data helped to identify the defining moments in each participant's walk. Participants discussed these moments in one-on-one interviews with a researcher to pinpoint their valued walking elements. As a result, this study classified walking elements into six themes: "Surroundings," "Social," "Exploration," "Route Plan," "Physical Exercise," and "Mental Thinking." A walking habit development model was made to show how "Route Plan" and "Exploration" were beneficial to Group NW, "Social" and "Surroundings" were beneficial to Group HW, and "Route Plan," "Mental Thinking," and "Physical Exercise" were beneficial to Group W.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of walking exercise training on body composition and physical fitness in middle aged women. Method: The subjects were randomly assigned into an obese walking exercise training group (n=21), a non-obese walking exercise training group (n=9), or a control group (n=10). The women in the treatment groups were then subjected to brisk walking at 50~70% of maximum heart rate twice a week for 12 weeks. The results were then analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 12.0 for windows. Results: Body weight, BMI, % body fat, and WC were not significantly improved in the obese walking exercise training group and the non-obese walking exercise training group. However, muscular flexibility and muscular endurance were significantly improved in each of these groups (p<.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that 12 weeks of walking exercise training enhanced physical fitness. However, the treatment in this study did not improve the body composition of middle aged women.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to develop and evaluate stability and effects of an early exercise program for patients with open heart surgery. Methods: The subjects of this study were 30 patients who had either a coronary bypass surgery or a valvular heart surgery at a tertiary hospital in Seoul. The data was collected by observation and measurement from October 1, 2004 to November 15, 2004. Results: The early exercise program developed for this study consisted of range of motion exercise and walking. Intensity of walking was 1~3 METs and increased progressively to daily target distance. During exercise, the subjects were monitored heart rate, blood pressure and RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion). The mean FIM (Functional Independent Measurements) score of subjects was significantly improved after the early exercise program. However, several complaints such as dizziness or pain were also reported. Most complaints were associated with chest tube and RPE. Conclusion: The early exercise program can help to recover patients' physical activities after surgery, and can be applied to most patients. Patients' RPE, dizziness and pain was possible limitations, therefore, active pain control and prevention of accidents for patients would be needed.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 10명의 비만여성을 체지방율에 의해 두 그룹(A:30~35%, B:35~40%)으로 분류하여 여러 동일한 속도(5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0km.$hr^{-1}$)에서 걷기와 달리기 시 에너지 소비율과 심박수, 호흡교환율, 근동원량 등을 비교하는 것이었다. 본 실험결과 트레드밀 속도증가에 따른 산소 소비량은 두 그룹모두 걷기시 비선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 달리기 시에는 선형적 증가를 나타내어 두 그룹 모두에서 속도 6.5~7km/hr내에서 걷기의 에너지 소비율이 달리기시보다 높아지는 시점을 나타내었다. 두 그룹간 비교에서 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 A그룹 보다 B그룹이 다소 낮은 속도에서 걷기의 에너지효율성이 달리기시보다 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 심박 수의 측정결과에서는 체 지방 율이 높은 그룹이 낮은 그룹보다 높은 심박 수 반응을 보여 체 지방 율이 높을수록 운동스트레스가 커지는 결과를 보였다. 호흡교환율 또한 체 지방 율이 낮은 그룹 보다 높은 그룹에서 운동시 탄수화물의 에너지참여비율이 높게 나타나 대사적 스트레스가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로써 비만여성에서 걷기와 달리기 시 체 지방 율이 높을수록 대사적 스트레스를 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났고 에너지 소비 율도 영향을 받음으로써 걷기시 에너지 효율성에 비만인간 차이가 발생될 수 있지만, 이러한 차이는 크지 않은 것으로 생각된다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1245-1246
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• 2022

Walkability is an indicator of how much pedestrians are willing to walk and how well a walking environment is created. As walking can promote pedestrians' mental and physical health, there has been increasing focus on improving walkability in different ways. Thus, plenty of research has been undertaken to measure walkability. When measuring walkability, there are many objective and subjective variables. Subjective variables include a feeling of safety, pleasure, or comfort, which can significantly affect perceived walkability. However, these subjective factors are difficult to measure by making the walkability index more reliant on objective and physical factors. Because many subjective variables are associated with human emotional states, understanding pedestrians' emotional states provides an opportunity to measure the subjective walkability variables more quantitatively. Pedestrians' emotions can be examined through surveys, but there are social and economic difficulties involved when conducting surveys. Recently, an increasing number of studies have employed physiological data to measure pedestrians' stress responses when navigating unpleasant environmental barriers on their walking paths. However, studies investigating the emotional states of pedestrians in the walking environment, including assessing their positive emotions felt, such as pleasure, have rarely been conducted. Using wearable devices, this study examined the various emotional states of pedestrians affected by the walking environment. Specifically, this study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring biometric data, such as electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate variability (HRV), using wearable devices as an indicator of pedestrians' emotional states-both pleasant-unpleasant and aroused-relaxed states. To this end, various walking environments with different characteristics were set up to collect and analyze the pedestrians' biometric data. Subsequently, the subjects wearing the wearable devices were allowed to walk on the experimental paths as usual. After the experiment, the valence (i.e., pleasant or unpleasant) and arousal (i.e., activated or relaxed) scale of the pedestrians was identified through a bipolar dimension survey. The survey results were compared with many potentially relevant EDA and HRV signal features. The research results revealed the potential for physiological responses to indicate the pedestrians' emotional states, but further investigation is warranted. The research results were expected to provide a method to measure the subjective factors of walkability by measuring emotions and monitoring pedestrians' positive or negative feelings when walking to improve the walking environment. However, due to the lack of samples and other internal and external factors influencing emotions (which need to be studied further), it cannot be comprehensively concluded that the pedestrians' emotional states were affected by the walking environment.