• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual cue deprivation during sideways treadmill training in individuals with stroke. Twenty-eight stroke patients were divided into two groups, and each group participated in a sideways treadmill training session for 20 minutes, three times per week for 4 weeks. The eyes close group (15 subjects) performed this treadmill training with visual cue deprivation, while the eyes open group (13 subjects) performed it without visual cue deprivation. Gait function was measured in both groups before and after the training sessions with the Biodex Gait Trainer 2, which determined walking speed, distance, step length, and time on each foot. Balance was measured before and after each training period in both groups using the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST), the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and the seven-item Berg Balance Scale-3P (7-item BBS-3P). The eyes close group showed significantly improved gait function, walking speed, distance, step length, and time on each foot after training (p<.05). The eyes close group showed improved balance ability, FTSST, TUG, and 7-item BBS-3P test after training (p<.05). The findings indicated that sideways treadmill training with visual cue deprivation positively affects gait ability of stroke patients. Therefore, sideways treadmill training with visual cue deprivation may be useful for the recovery of gait ability of stroke patients.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.731-736
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• 2023

보행은 특정 단계를 반복하는 주기적인 동작으로 사람의 기본 이동방법이다. 보행 분석을 통해 여러 가지 근골격계의 건강상태를 판별할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 공간의 제약 없이 보행 분석을 할 수 있는 착용형 센서 시스템을 제안한다. 거리를 측정하는 ToF(: Time-of-Flight) 센서와 기울기를 측정하는 IMU(: Inertial Measurement Unit) 센서로 보행 중의 뒤꿈치 궤적을 도출한다. 낙상의 위험이 있는 이상보행을 할 때의 뒤꿈치 궤적의 변화 양상을 분석하여 보행을 평가한다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2010

This paper presents the use of 3 axis accelerometer for getting the gait information including the number of gaits, stride and walking distance. Travel distance is usually calculated from the double integration of the accelerometer output with respect to time; however, the accumulated errors due to the drift are inevitable. The orientation change of the accelerometer also causes error because the gravity is added to the measured acceleration. Unless three axis orientations are completely identified, the accelerometer alone does not provide correct acceleration for estimating the travel distance. We proposed a way of minimizing the error due to the change of the orientation. Pedestrian localization is implemented with the heading angle and the travel distance. Heading angle is estimated from the rate gyro and the magnetic compass measurements. The performance of the localization is presented with experimental data.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권2D호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2010

본 연구는 고속버스 이용자가 고속버스 터미널에서 경험하는 불편함을 개선함으로써 대중교통 체계의 경쟁력을 높이고 효율성을 개선하기 위하여 터미널 내 연계/환승 시 체감환승시간으로 환산된 환승저항을 산정하는 모형을 구축하고 이를 바탕으로 주요 고속버스 터미널의 환승저항을 산출하였다. 그 결과 외부보행거리 100m의 증가(감소)는 통행시간 3분의 증가(감소)와 같으며, 내부보행거리 100m의 증가(감소)는 5분, 계단 100개의 증가는 약 13분의 통행시간 증가, 에스컬레이터 1대 설치는 약 3분의 통행시간 감소와 같음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 체감시간으로 산출된 환승저항은 환승센터의 환승 여건을 비교하고 시설개선의 우선순위를 판단하는 데에 객관적 지표로 활용될 수 있으며, 신규 환승센터 설계 시 시설 가이드라인을 만드는 데에도 활용이 가능하다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권1D호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2010

본 연구는 도시철도 이용자가 환승센터에서 경험하는 불편함을 개선함으로써 대중교통 체계의 경쟁력을 높이고 효율성을 개선하기 위하여 전국의 주요 도시철도 역사를 대상으로 시설여건 물리적 요소들에 대한 보행자 편의성을 계량하여 환승저항을 산정하는 모형을 구축하고 이를 바탕으로 주요 도시철도 역사에 대한 환승저항을 산출하여 비교하였다. 그 결과 환승센터 외부보행거리 100m의 증가(감소)는 통행시간 2분의 증가(감소)와 같으며, 환승센터 내부보행거리 100m의 증가(감소)는 3분, 계단 100개의 증가는 약 4분의 통행시간 증가, 에스컬레이터 1대 설치는 약 1분의 통행시간 감소와 같음을 알 수 있었다. 체감시간으로 산출된 환승저항은 환승센터의 환승 여건을 비교하고 시설개선의 우선순위를 판단하는 데에 객관적 지표로 활용될 수 있으며, 신규 환승센터 설계 시 시설 가이드라인을 만드는 데에도 활용이 가능하다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to compare the satisfaction of the urban parks and to classify and assess the environmentally-friendly behaviors in the urban parks. For this purpose, the park user's behaviors and satisfactions were surveyed in 10 parks in Seoul and its suburb area. Parks are divided into 2 types, the walking-distance parks and the metropolitan parks, by time to reach, visit frequency and visit purpose. The park users are generally satisfied with the facilities, but not satisfied with some specific items, such as cultural facilities, accommodations for the handicapped, safety facilities and sports facilities. The environmentally-friendly behaviors are positively assessed in general, but the behavior of the natural experience was negatively assessed. The environmentally-friendly behaviors in the urban parks are classified into 2 factors; the experience factor and the activity factor. The parks are categorized into 3 types by these factors. For type I parks, the experience factor is dominant, but the activity factor is relatively low. For type II parks, the both factors are low and the parks are necessary to improve. And type III parks are positively assessed in the aspect of the environmentally-friendly behaviors, even though some park are necessary to complement.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2022

도시가 복잡해짐에 따라 보행도로에는 시각장애인들의 보행을 방해하는 다양한 장애물들이 점차 많아지고 있다. 대표적으로 볼라드, 주차차단기, 입간판 등을 예로 들 수 있는데, 이들은 일반적으로 보행에 심각한 방해가 되지 않지만, 시각장애인들에게는 오히려 충돌로 인한 부상의 위험을 발생시킬 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 GPS를 비롯한 다양한 장치를 이용한 방법들이 제안되었으나, 장소의 제약, 장애물 감지의 부정확성, 특수한 장치에 대한 요구 등의 문제로 인해 대중적으로 사용하기에는 한계를 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최신 스마트폰에 기본적으로 장착된 간단한 장치만을 활용하여 보행 중에 출현하는 각종 장애물을 자동인식하고 충돌의 위험을 사전에 알려주는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 전방을 촬영한 동영상에서 장애물의 종류뿐만 아니라 거리를 파악하여 보행인에게 실시간으로 안내해줌으로써 장애물과의 충돌을 방지하도록 지원한다. 이를 위해 최신 딥러닝 알고리즘을 이용한 객체 인식 기술을 활용하여 장애물 출현 여부와 장애물의 종류를 인식하였다. 또한, 보행자의 보폭을 이용한 이동 거리를 계산하는 방법을 응용하여 장애물과의 거리를 측정하였다. 제안된 방법은 기존의 시각장애인을 위한 보행 안내 기술과 비교하여 실내외 장소에 구애받지 않으면서 간단한 장치만으로도 정확한 보행 안내가 가능하다는 장점을 갖는다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.743-752
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to combine the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) on exercise capacity/tolerance and general health status of COPD patients based on the primary research results examined the effects of PRP, Method: Seventeen studies were selected by the sampling criteria established to include the studies that reported enough statistics necessary to conduct meta-analysis. Result: According to the study results, the most effective indicators for exercise capacity/tolerance were exercise time (such as cycling time or treadmill walking time) and ground walking distance within given time (6 minutes or 12 minutes), whereas effects on such indicators as VE and VO$_2$ were not statistically significant. PRP induced significant effect on patients' general health status, frequently measured by physical, psycho-emotional, and holistic indicators, the enhancement on psycho-emotional dimension resulted from PRP was more prominent than those of the other dimensions. From the results, it was noted that the place where PRP was given and the contents of PRP exercised their influence on the outcome variables. Which body part was trained was also one of the important factors that influence on the patients' perception of dyspnea during exercise as well as on exercise capacity/tolerance. Conclusion: PRP including exercise training significantly improved the exercise capacity and general health status of COPD patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2010

Gait initiation is a transitional process from the balanced upright standing to the beginning of steady-state walking. Dysbalanced gait initiation often causes stroke patients to fall. The net center of pressure, measured by two triaxial force plates from twenty healthy subjects and two stroke patients, was investigated to assess asymmetry of gait initiation in hemiparetic subjects. The time interval and distance of the net center of pressure(CoP) moved from the initiation point to the toe off(S1) and from the toe off to the initial contact(S2) were calculated during gait initiation of normal and stroke patients. When the patient with right hemiplegia(A) initiated his gait with right foot, the time interval and the distance of the net CoP in S1 and S2 were smaller than that of normal subjects' values. However, he initiated the gait with left foot(unaffected side) the time interval and the distance of net CoP in S1 were larger than normative values. Differently, the patient with left hemiplegia(B) has shown that larger time interval and distance in S1 and smaller time interval and distance in S2 in both sides. His asymmetry(with which side the gait initiated) was not significant. It is too early to conclude that these results could be general characteristics of the stroke patients because the variations were large and moreover, the level of motor recovery of the patients was different. However, it is expected that these trials could help to set up the strategy of the therapy for the rehabilitation or prevention of fall in stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.401-409
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• 2003

We consider a particle walking on the nonnegative integers and each unit of time it makes, given it is at site k, either a jump of size m distance units to the right with probability $p_{k}$ or it goes back (falls down) to its starting point 0, a retaining barrier, with probability $v_{k}\;=\;1\;-\;p_{k}$. This is a Markov chain on the integers $mZ^{+}$. We show that if $v_{k}$ has a nonzero limit, then the Markov chain is positive recurrent. However, if $v_{k}$ speeds to 0, then we may get transient Markov chain. A critical speeding rate to zero is identified to get transience, null recurrence, and positive recurrence. Another type of random walk on $Z^{+}$ is considered in which a particle moves m distance units to the right or 1 distance unit to left with probabilities $p_{k}\;and\;q_{k}\;=\;1\;-\;p_{k}$, respectively. A necessary condition to having a stationary distribution and positive recurrence is obtained.