• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate safety and dangerous awareness of environment on walking trails. For this purpose, questionnaire survey are carried out by people who had experience using walking trails during 2016. It is evaluated that environments of walking trails located inside big cities are inferior than ones located in small and medium-sized cities and countryside in air pollution, bed smell, water pollution, noise, and waste. Needs about management and number installed public restroom are high for hygienic environment of walking trails. With waste treatment, users of 2.4 percentage are showed improper behavior that they left their rubbish at the place out of view but others bring their trash. Accident likelihood is highly appreciated and possibility of physical accident like slipping is showed at the highest. The reasons of accident on walking trails are responded with carelessness of walkers and improper of installation or management of safety facility at the most. For safety environment of walking trails, needs of installation of safety fences and notices of dangerous area are requested. In order to separate prevention from paths of walking trails, signposts are needed at visual clearness, maintenance, installation with proper interval and location, and correct contents. Respondents of 2.4 percentage have experiences of accident on walking trails and physical accident like slipping is occurred at the most.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the walking behavior analysis methodology used in the previous studies, paying attention to the demand for empirical data collecting for urban and neighborhood planning. The preceding researches are divided into (1)Recording, (2) Surveys, (3)Statistical data, (4)Global positioning system (GPS) devices, and (5)Mobile Big Data analysis. Next, we analyze the precedent research and identify the changes of the walkability research. (1)being required empirical data on the actual walking and moving patterns of people, (2)beginning to be measured micro-walking behaviors such as actual route, walking facilities, detour, walking area. In addition, according to the trend of research, it is analyzed that the use of GPS device and the mobile big data are newly emerged. Finally, we analyze pedestrian data based on mobile big data in terms of 'application' and distinguishing it from existing survey methodology. We present the possibility of mobile big data. (1)Improvement of human, temporal and spatial constraints of data collection, (2)Improvement of inaccuracy of collected data, (3)Improvement of subjective intervention in data collection and preprocessing, (4)Expandability of walking environment research.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.42-56
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• 1996

The citizens seek to maximize convenience, pleasantness and safety when they use urban facilities. However, existing practices of urban neighborhood parks have applied not qualitative standards such as adequacy, efficiency, accessibility, equity, or socioeconomic issues but very limited quantitative standards such as area per person. Therefore it is not rare that citizens have lost their accessibility to near-by neighborhood parks. And park regulations based on the distance of lien are supposed to be uniformally accomplished regardless of the consideration about users or geographical special situations. Futhermore, it has been found that some urban neighborhood parks don't reach to the standards given by the regulations. This study tries to accomplished several purposes. The first purpose is to extract the boundary of real user-accessible zones derived from the city survey. Comparing with boundary of real user-accessible zones, the second one is to propose the most efficient measurement indices among many accessibility measurement index. Based upon the above arguments, the last one is to review the propriety of the access distances(e.g., semidiameter) of an urban neighborhood park in a law. The measurement indices of accessibility examined in this study are walking distance, walking time and walking difficulty. The comparison of visual discrimination, the comparison of area and the comparison of differences of maximum distance showed similar results. Each index can also be compared in the size of area and differences of maximum distance. Walking difficulty with the turning showed the best measurement values among the measurement indices. This indicates that walking difficulty with crossing and/or turning may be another important indices in measuring accessibility, while other existing studues have mainly dealt with walking time and distance as accessibility indices. The results of this study also supported that the existing regulations related to park allocation(e.g., access diameter) are close to the findings of this study.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the windlass mechanism in trail-walking shoe prototypes that can effectively support arches. A study of these effects should help with the development of a first-rate trail-walking shoe development guide for the distribution of quality information to consumers. Methods : The subjects were ten adult males who volunteered to participate in the study. Shoes from three companies, which will be referred to as Company S (Type A), Company M (Type B), and Company P (Type C), were selected for the experiment. The subjects wore these shoes and walked at a speed of 4.2 km/h, and as they tested each shoe, the contact area, maximum pressure average, and surface force were all measured. Results : Shoe Type A showed a contact area of $148.78{\pm}4.31cm^2$, Type B showed an area of $145.74{\pm}4.1cm^2$, and Type C showed an area of $143.37{\pm}4.57cm^2$ (p<.01). Shoe Type A demonstrated a maximum average pressure of $80.80{\pm}9.92kPa$, Type B an average of $85.72{\pm}11.01kPa$, and Type C an average of $89.12{\pm}10.88bkPa$ (p<.05). Shoe Type A showed a ground reaction force of $1.13{\pm}0.06%BW$, Type B a force of $1.16{\pm}0.04%BW$, and Type C a force of $1.16{\pm}0.03%BW$ (p<.05). Conclusion : The Type A trail-walking shoe, which was designed with a wide arch from the center of the forefoot to the front of the rearfoot showed excellent performance, however, more development and analysis of the windlass mechanism for a variety of arch structures is still necessary.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2005

버스서비스권역의 결정은 버스서비스체계를 계획하는 단계에서 가장 우선적으로 고려되어야한다. 이용자의 출발지 또는 목적지에서 이용이 가능한 버스정류장이 있는가의 문제는 버스서비스 선택가능성에 결정적인 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 버스서비스 이용 자체가 불가능할 경우, 다른 서비스 질적 측면의 구성요소의 개선은 해당서비스를 선택하는데 전혀 영향을 주지 못한다. 따라서 버스서비스권역은 이용자의 출발지 또는 목적지로부터 합리적인 도보거리 또는 일정 도보시간으로 결정되어져야한다. 계획단계에서 버스서비스권역을 좀더 현실적으로 결정하기 위해서는 이용자의 속성이 고려되어야한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 1) 이용자 속성에 따른 한계도보시간의 차이를 조사 분석하고, 2) 이용자 속성을 고려한 버스서비스권역 결정모형을 유도하였다. 본 연구에서는 버스서비스권역 결정모형을 1) 이용자 속성을 무시하는 경우 2) 이용자 연령을 고려하는 경우. 그리고 3) 이용자 수입을 고려하는 경우로 구분하여 유도하였으며, 이를 통해 어떤 지역에서 목표 버스이용자수를 확보할 수 있는 버스정류장의 간격을 결정하기 위한 산정과정을 예제로 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 버스서비스권역 결정모형은 계획가가 어떤 지역의 버스서비스 계획단계 또는 개선단계에서 최적 버스정류장 간격을 채택하는데 활용될 수 있다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.459-469
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• 2012

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to examine changes caused by asymmetric bag carrying methods to carry the bag with one shoulder only to plantar pressure during walking. METHODS: Twenty three normal adults without any gait problem participated in the present study. Experimental conditions used consisted of walking without carrying any bag(condition 1), walking wearing a bag on both shouders (condition 2), and walking wearing a bag on the right shoulder(condition 3) and the weight of the bag was set to 15% of each subject's body weight. All the subjects were instructed to participate in all experiments under these three conditions and plantar pressures were measured from the subjects' right and left feet using an F-scan system while the subjects were walking under the three conditions. To analyze the measured plantar pressure, the sole was divided into seven areas (Hallux, Toe, Met1, Met23, Met45, Mid foot and Heel) and maximum plantar pressures in individual areas were measured. RESULTS: The results of measurement of plantar pressures under three walking conditions did not show significant changes in any areas of the left and right feet except for the mid foot area of the right food. The asymmetry between the left and right feet was examined and the results showed significant differences only in area Met23 under condition 2 and did not show significant differences in any other areas. CONCLUSION: On comprehensively considering the results of the present study, it could be seen that asymmetric bag carrying did not have large effects on changes in plantar pressure during walking compared to symmetric carrying. The reason for this is considered to be posture adjusting mechanisms against load positions.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide biomechanical basis data for the analysis of the maximum vertical ground reaction force, the maximum plantar pressure, the average plantar pressure, and the contact area according to the type of the insole through the insole insertion type foot pressure gauge. Method: In the treadmill, the slope was set at 10%, the first type A was worn at a walking speed of 3.5 km / h, and then walking was carried out using B, C, and D types. Data from 20 boots with consistent walking were extracted and plantar pressure data were collected and analyzed. Results: Functional insole was more effective than conventional insole for maximum vertical ground reaction force, maximum plantar pressure, average plantar pressure, and contact area at 10% of treadmill ramps. Conclusion: In this study, D-type insole supports the cushion in the middle part and supports the heel cup with hardness in the hind part, so that it is the most effective insole by lowering the plantar pressure and dispersing it more widely.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to analysis on quality properties of lower extremity of patient with stroke by the existence of the independent walking. We recruited fourteen adults after stroke(7 male, 7 female; mean age, 64y) for our study. The subjects were divided into two groups; independent walking group(3 male, 3 female) and non-independent walking group(4 male, 4 female). We used in this study included a B-mode ultrasonography scanner with a 7.5 MHz linea probe. During the experiment, the subject was seated in the chair. The echogenicity(density, white area index; WAI) of the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris muscles were measured on both sides of the leg. In both of the density and WAI, the tibialis anterior muscle were significant differences between paratic side and non-paratic side, the independent walking and non-independent walking group. However, in both of the density and WAI of the rectus femoris muscle were only significant differences between paratic side and non-paratic side. This study showed that stroke and the independent walking have influenced on quality properties of lower leg. Especially, the independent walking has influenced on the tibialis anterior muscle.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2010

In order to produce a convenient robot for the aged and the lower limb disabled, it is needed for the research detecting implicit walking intention and controlling robot by a user's intention. In this study, we developed sensor module system to control the walking- assist robot using FSR sensor and tilt sensor, and analyzed the signals being acquired from two sensors. The sensor module system consisted of the assist device control unit, communication unit by wire/wireless, information collection unit, information operation unit, and information processing PC which handles integrated processing of assist device control. The FSR sensors attached user's the palm and the soles of foot are sensing force/pressure signals from these areas and are used for detecting the walking intention and states. The tilt sensor acquires roll and pitch signal from area of vertebrae lumbales and reflects the pose of the upper limb. We could recognize the more detailed user's walking intention such as 'start walking', 'start of right or left foot forward', and 'stop walking' by the combination of FSR and tilt signals can recognize.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2019

This study was to evaluate the walking speed of elderly people by using the travel route big data collected by travel diary and smart phone application. We analyzed the change of walking behavior in the residential street environments of the elderly whether they had a company or not. We interpreted the meaning based on previous studies. In addition, the characteristics of elderly people's use of the residential street environment were analyzed by comparing the change in spatial speed according to the companion. The result reveals that the usage patterns of the residential street environments change depending on whether they were accompanied or not. First, the elderly tend to do more social activities while walking alone than when they were accompanied. When they were accompanied the social activities occur in empty lot near the residential area. However, the social activities of the elderly occur in open space such as neighborhood park or playground while walking alone. Finally, This study has strength that it empirically analyzes the elderly's walking behavior and usage paths in small outdoor spaces, including residential streets.