• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.53-67
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• 1982

Physical measurements of 181 Korean elderly women, aged 60 through 79, living in the Seoul area, were taken in 1981 in order to analyze their body types and to study clothing construction according to their body types. The study was composed of 117 items in all; 35 items in measurements, 1 items in Rohrer index, 68 items in physical index to stature and bust girth, and 14 items in proportion, Coefficients of correlation among body dimensions were used. The results from this analysis are as follows: 1) The most significant changes in body dimensions in advanced age were the decrease of bust height and the increase of both abdomen girth and waist girth. 2) Distinct physical changes did not appear until advanced senescence(70~79 years of age). 3) In the three somatotype groups(thin, average, and plump) categorized by their Rohrer index, the dimensions that remained unchanged in senescence were back waist length and front waist length ; the dimensions that varied most significantly in senescence were the waist measurements. 4) As a result of the analysis of coefficients of correlation among the body dimensions of the 3 figure groups categorized by the Rohrer index, the fundamental dimensions for establishing the size of ready-to-wear garments of elderly women were the stature, bust girth and center back length in upper garments. 5) The result of the analysis of physical index and proportion of the 3 figure groups showed that the more plump a figure might be, the ratio of depth to width measurements increased; the back waist height was higher and trunk enlarged. 6) The 9 figure categorized by their Rohrer index and stature showed that the percentage of women in the category of“normal figure”decreased more in advanced senescence than during early senescence. 7) An analysis of variation of the 9 figure groups, the stature and other items for a short and thin figure were the smallest, and for a tall and plump figure, the largest.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to provide useable data for application in American and Korean apparel company. This data was developed by analyzing information of Korean and American body sizes obtained from "Size USA Project" and "Size Korea Project". The Subjects were 6,306 American females and 1,988 Korean females over 18 years old. 30 measurements and 14 computed values were chosen that were considered critical in making garments. And descriptive analysis, percentile analysis and t-test were used as statistical methods for analyzing measurements and computed value between the two countries. The results were as follows. It was determined that American women were larger and bigger than Korean women in all measurements and computed values, except for Shoulder Slope. Based on BMI values, we determined that American women had a distinct tendency towards being overweight. Through the comparison of drop values (i.e. the difference between Hip and Bust Girths or Hip and Waist Girths), ratio values (i.e. waist height divided by height) and Body Mass Index (BMI) between the two countries, we determined that American women's figures were shapelier than Korean women's. American women had higher hip heights and longer leg lengths for their height compared to Korean woman. Furthermore, the back shapes of Korean women were flatter than American women and BMI values indicated American women were relatively more overweight than Korean women.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2017

A new body adiposity index (BAI) has been proposed that is expected to replace body mass index (BMI). We evaluated the correlations between metabolic syndrome risk factors and BAI, BMI, and other adiposity indices, such as waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), by sex in the Korean population. We also evaluated whether BAI would be useful to diagnose metabolic syndrome. A total of 20,961 Korean adults who underwent health examinations were included in this study. The metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria used in this study were those set by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI). In men (12,719), BMI and WHtR were more strongly correlated to metabolic syndrome risk than BAI, and in women (8,242), WHtR showed the strongest association with metabolic syndrome risk. BAI (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.678) presented lower discriminatory capacity than that of BMI (AUC = 0.836) for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. Moreover, BAI underestimated fat levels in men and women when considering the ability to discriminate overweight and obese individuals. In conclusion, WHtR and BMI in men, and WHtR in women may be better candidates than BAI to evaluate metabolic risk factors in Korean adults.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.257-269
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• 1990

We designed this study to compare the total body fat content and its distribution of diabetics with those of normal subjects. Skinfold thicknesses at eight sites(subscapular, subcostal, abdomen, suprailiac, triceps, forearm, thigh and calf) and body circumferences at five sites(waist, hip, arm, thigh and calf) were measured on 220 diabetics(82 male, 138 female) and on 160 nondiabetic subjects(male 57, female 103). We matched 92 pairs with diabetics and nondiabetic control subjects by sex, age, body weight and height, and made comparisons between two groups(case-control study). The results were as follows: 1) There was no significant difference in total body fat content of diabetics and control (male ; 20.40$\pm$2.12%, 19.20$\pm$3.52%, female ; 26.46$\pm$2.53%, 27.01$\pm$2.92%, respectively). However, body muscle mass(%) in diabetic men(33.37$\pm$4.19%) was significantly lower than in nondiabetic men(38.16$\pm$7.11%). 2) Diabetics, especially women, were characterized by more central body fat than control. That is, indices of centrality of body fat distribution(subscapular/triceps skinfold : STR, central/peripheral fat : CPR) of diabetics were higher than those of control. 3) Body weight, body mass index and %IBW(current body weight$\times$100/ideal body weight) had negative correlations with duration of diabetes(r=-0.23~-0.33), but total body fat content(%) and indices of body fat distribution, such as STR, CPR, waist/hip girth ratio(WHR), and waist/thigh girth ratio(WTR), were not related to duration of diabetes.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence on the weight control diet experience of the female nursing students in an university. Method: The data were collected by measuring weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, and body satisfaction. The subjects of this research were 119 nursing students of K University in Kangwondo. And the mean age of the subjects was 20.38. Result: 67.7% of subjects had an weight control diet experience. The mean BMI of the subjects was $21.39\;kg/m^2$. There were lower BMI and higher waist/hip ratio in the weight control diet experience group. There were significant correlations between body satisfaction and BMI, waist/ hip ratio. The factor that influenced significantly on weight control diet experience was BMI. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an educational program for reducing the risk factors due to an inadequate weight control diet for female nursing students in university.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2004

This analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between nutrition and anthropometric indices using the data from a cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, '98 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey. Subjects were selected by stratified multistage probability sampling design and completed dietary questionnares including food intakes for one day by 24-hour recall method. For this analysis, 6566 subjects were selected by age(over 20 years old). For anthropometry, height, weight, and waist- and hip- circumference were measured. They were classified by body mass index(BMI, weight(Kg)/$height^2 $($m^2 $)) and waist-hip ratio(WHR, waist circumference(Cm)/hip circumference(Cm)). The nutrients intake of subjects were compared with the recommended daily allowances(RDA). Mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was calculated. Mean heights, weights, BMIs were higher in the groups with nutrient intake over 125% of RDA than the lower intake groups for most nutrients. However, Mean WHR was the highest in the groups with nutrient intake under 75% of RDA for most nutrients excluding iron intake of women aged 20-64 years. Among women aged 20-64 years, means of MAR were 0.71 for obese individuals(BMI>30), 0.72 for subjects with underweight(BMI<18.5), and 0.76 for subjects with normal weight(18.5$\leq$BMI<25). Normal subjects has statistically significantly higher MAR than those of other groups. However, among elderly people aged over 65 years, obese group had the highest MAR, 0.68. Women with abdominal obesity(WHR>0.9) had lower MAR, 0.71 than those with normal weight(MAR=0.76). From these results, obesity and abdominal obesity seems to be the results of malnutrition including both undernutrition and overnutrition rather than simple problem of excess energy intake. Obesity in elderly people needs to be handled differently from adults.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2016

Objectives The waist circumference has been known as an obesity index reflecting the visceral fat. This study was conducted to investigate the obesity index of what can be predicted visceral fat obesity. Methods 121 test subjects who have $BMI{\geq}30$ or BMI 27~29.9 with having more than one high blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were gathered in the Gachon University Korean medical hospital. The relationship between obesity index, the abdominal fat area, and the metabolic syndrome component analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The obesity indices, that are largely used in clinics such as waist circumference (WC), HC (hip circumference), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-height ratio (WHtR). Total fat area (TFA), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous area (SFA) and visceral fat/subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) that was measured from CT. Results 1. Total fat area (TFA) was positively correlated WC, BMI, HC. 2. The subcutaneous fat area (SFA) was positively correlated HC, WC, BMI. 3. The visceral fat area (VFA) did not show a strong correlation with obesity indicators. Conclusions It was found indices of obesity and visceral fat area is a high correlation. BMI, WC was the obesity index showed a high correlation as the SFA, TFA.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2009

목 적: 비만에서 발생하는 비알코올성 지방간질환은 대부분 무증상이어서 혈청 검사에서 간효소치 상승이 있거나 간초음파검사에서 지방간이 발견되는 경우에 이 질환에 대한 의학적 관심이 증가한다. 본 연구에서는 비만아와 과체중아에서 간세포손상을 반영하는 ALT 상승과 신체 계측치 및 생화학적 검사치들과의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2006년 1월부터 2008년 6월까지 충남대병원 소아청소년과에서 비만 또는 과체중으로 진단받은 142예를 대상으로 신체 계측, 생화학 검사를, 간초음파검사는 일부 환자에서 시행하였다. ALT치를 기준으로 정상 군(I군)과 상승 군(II군)으로 분류하여 신체 계측치, 생화학 검사치, 간초음파 소견을 비교하였다. 바이러스간염, 약물 유발 간염, 대사이상 간염, 내분비 장애, 유전 질환이 있는 경우는 연구 대상에서 제외하였다. 결 과: 단순 비만아에서 간전이효소치의 상승은 전체의 54.2%에서 있었으며, 남녀별로는 남아 63.0%, 여아 26.5%에서 있었다. I군과 II군의 나이는 각각 11.4${\pm}$3.3, 11.7${\pm}$3.2세로 차이가 없었다. 성별 분포는 I군은 남아 40예, 여아 25예로 총 65예, II군은 남아 68예, 여아 9예로 총 77예로 양군 모두 남아가 통계적으로 유의하게 많았으며(p=0.003, 0.001) 남녀 비는 I군 1.6:1, II군 7.6:1로 II군에서 남아의 발생빈도가 4.8배 더 높았다. 신체 계측치는 허리둘레/키 비, 엉덩이둘레/키 비가 II군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며(p=0.001, 0.046), 키, 체중, 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레, 허리둘레/엉덩이둘레 비, 비만 정도는 양 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 생화학 검사치와 인슐린 저항성에서는 AST, ${\gamma}$-GT, 총콜레스테롤 수치가 II군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았고, AST/ALT비는 I군 1.10${\pm}$0.41, II군 0.55${\pm}$0.17로 II군에서 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.001, <0.001, <0.001). 중성지방, 고밀도지질단백 콜레스테롤, 저밀도지질단백 콜레스테롤 수치, 공복 시 인슐린 농도, 혈당, 인슐린 저항성 지표는 두 군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 단변량 상관관계분석에서는 체질량지수, 엉덩이둘레/키 비, 허리둘레/키 비, ${\gamma}$-GT, 중성지방이 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 간초음파검사는 I군 11예, II군 32예에서 시행되었는데, 양 군 모두 경도의 지방간 소견이 가장 많았으며, 양 군 간에 지방간 빈도에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론: 비만아에서 허리둘레/키 비, AST, AST/ALT비, ${\gamma}$-GT, 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 ALT치가 정상인 군 보다 상승된 군에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 허리둘레/키 비와 ${\gamma}$-GT가 ALT 상승과 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보여 쉽게 측정할 수 있는 신체 계측치인 허리둘레/키 비를 ALT치가 상승된 비만아의 관리에 참고 자료로 이용해 볼 수 있겠다. 그러나 이에 대해서는 향후 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.132-142
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• 2000

Purpose In Sasang Constitution Medicine, persons are divided into four types such as Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin and Soeumin according to their appearance, moral nature and characteristic of constitutional symptoms. In teenager group, diagnosis of constitution based on their appearance was so difficult that we adopted new diagnostic method which measures and compares body compositions. Methods 180 middle school students who live in Pusan were studied from 20th of March, 1999 to 20th of March, 2000. After practicing Questionnaire(I), QSCC(Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution) I , QSCCII, we have measured the height and body compositions with Inbody 3.0, five times. Results 1. The results of Sasang Constitution analysis showed 91 students were classified as Taeumin(50.3%), 75 as Soyangin(41.4%), 14 as Soeumin(7.7%), and 1 as Taeyangin(0.6%). 2. The level of total body water, muscle area, BMR(Basal Metabolic Rate), BCM(Body Cell Mass), and AMC(Arm Muscle Circumference) were increased during spring and summer. That of body weight, fat body weight, fat body weight ratio, waist hip ratio, and BMI(Body Mass Index were increased during fall and winter. 3. In Taeumin and Soyangin groups, the changed capacity of total body water, muscle area and BMR were increased with statistical significance. 4. Waist hip ratio of Soeumin group was reduced more than those of Taeumin, Soyangin groups with statistical significance.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2007

이 연구의 목적은 교사보조로봇의 역할에 적합한 인상을 찾고, 그러한 인상을 발현하는 체형적 특징을 밝혀내어 교사보조로봇의 디자인 가이드라인을 제시하는 것이다. 교사보조로봇의 역할 이미지를 문헌과 요인분석을 통해 얻고, 인간의 체형요소로부터 교사보조로봇의 체형요소를 8가지로 구성하였다. 체형요소에 따라 변화된 삼차원 로봇 외형 샘플이 제작되어 실측 크기로 벽에 투영되었으며, 교사보조로봇의 주사용자인 아동이 로봇 샘플을 평가하였다. 평가 기준은 교사보조로봇의 역할 이미지, 연령과 성별에 관한 형용사, 선호도, 교사보조로봇으로서의 적합도였으며, 평가 결과는 분산분석, 상관분석에 의해 분석되었다. 실험결과로부터 아동의 교사보조로봇에 대한 역할 이미지에 관련이 있는 요소는 머리길이의 비율, 키, 가슴둘레의 비율, 허리둘레였다. 이 중 키와 허리둘레는 다른 요소에 비해 중요도가 높았으며, 특히, 허리둘레는 모든 역할 이미지에 높은 관련성이 있었다. 또한 다정하고 친절한 인상을 발현하고자 할 때는 허리둘레에 따라 머리길이의 비율을 조절해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 교사보조 로봇의 디자인 가이드라인을 제안하였다.