• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.445-449
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• 1996

한 국가의 과학기술 수준은 그 국가의 현재와 미래를 짐작케 하는 가장 중요한 척도라고 해도 과언은 아니다. 이에 따라 각국은 기술발전을 기하기 위하여 다양한 과학기술 정책을 펴고 있으며, 이러한 정책의 성패 여부는 국가의 과학기술 수준 뿐 아니라 국가의 미래에 지대한 영향을 미치게 된다. 그러나 세계무역기구(WTO)의 출범에 따라 기존의 과학기술 정책에 대폭적인 수정이 불가피하게 되었다. WTO는 공정한 무역질서의 회복을 위한 제반 규율을 대폭 강화하고 있으며, 여기에는 과학기술 정책과 관련한 부분들도 많이 포함되어 있다. 이로 인해 기존의 과학기술 정책에 대폭적인 방향수정이 요구되었고, 각 관련기관에서는 이에 대한 다양한 대응책들을 제시하고 있으나, 이러한 대응책들은 주로 민간 분야와 관련한 것이어서 미흡한 감이 있다. 이는 민간 분야에 파급효과가 지대한 것으로 알려지고 있는 국방과학기술에 대한 정책이 고려되지 않았기 때문이다. 사실 선진국에서는 국방과학기술분야에의 투자를 통해 많은 효과를 얻고 있다. 또한 국방 분야에 대한 문제는 WTO 체제에서 예외로 인정하고 있어, 새로운 환경에 대한 좋은 대응책이 될 수 있다. 그러므로 국방과학기술 정책에 대한 고려가 없는 과학기술 정책은 완전한 정책이라고 할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 WTO의 출범에 대한 대응방안으로서 국방과학기술 정책의 효율적인 집행을 제안하였다. 이를 위해 우선 WTO의 성격과 WTO 출범으로 야기되는 과학기술 정책및 특히 국방과학기술 정책의 운용시의 변화요인들을 조사하였다. 또한, 국방과학기술 정책의 파급효과를 조사하였으며, 일곱 가지 사용가능한 국방과학기술 정책 대안들을 식별하였다. 또한 식별된 정책 대안들간의 비교를 통하여 효율적인 국방과학기술 정책 방안을 제시하였다.. 문제점들은 HED (Human Engineerign Discrepance) 목록으로 정리하여 설계에 반영하도록 하였다.로 마음의 안정감, 몸의 긴장 이완에 따른 건강 상태 유지, 수업 집중도 향상 등이 나타났다. 위와 같은 종합 적 분석 결과에 따라, 본 연구는 제조 현장의 생산성 향상 및 품질 향상과 연계하여 작업자의 작업 집중도 향상, 작업자의 육체적, 심리적 변화에 따른 생산성 및 품질 향상 변화 정도 등의 산업공학(인간공학) 제 분야의 여러 측면에서 연구 및 적용이 가능하리라 사료된다.l, 시험군:25.90$\pm$7.16mg/d1, 47% 감소)를 나타내었으며, 시험군의 AUC는 대조군에 비해 39% 감소하였고, 혈중 아세트알데히드의 농도는 투여 60분후 시험군(3.96$\pm$0.07nmo1/$m\ell$)이 대조군(6.45$\pm$0,64nmo1/$m\ell$)에 비해 유의성 있는 감소(39%)를 나타내었으며, 시험군의 AUC는 대조군에 비해 48% 감소하였다 한편, 시험관내 에탄올 대사 효소에 대한 바이오짐의 효과를 검색해본 결과 바이오짐(2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/assay)에 의해 Aldehyde dehydrogenase(1.5unit/assay)의 활성이 14% 증가되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때, 비지니스 및 바이오짐은 음주 후 상승된 혈중 에탄을 농도 및 아세트알데히드의 농도를 현저히 감소시키는 효과가 있었다.량 보호 관리, 도시 소공원 개발, 역사 문화 공원 조성, 하천 공간 복원, 공원 시설 기능 개선, 이용 프로그램 개발, 공원 관리 개선, 환경 피해 녹지의 회복, 도시 환경 림 조성, 녹지

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.4
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• pp.408-416
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• 2008

This study was analyzed the changes of the tariff reduction for the timber products according to the modalities proposed by the chairman of Non-agriculture Market Access. The resulted data would be expected to be used for establishing the strategies for the WTO/DDA negotiation of Korea. As WTO/DDA negotiation was officially resumed in the early 2007. It was necessarily required to develop a strategy how to address debating core issues raised during the negotiation since 2006. For this purpose, major core issues and agenda were arranged and analyzed in this study. In Korea, the results of the analysis show that, in the position of developed members, the applicable tariff rates after the tariff reduction of sawnwood and veneer sheet was not different from that in 2007. However, in the position of developing members, the applicable tariff rate of sawnwood and veneer sheet was increased after the tariff reduction. The unbound tariff lines, wood-based panels such as plywood and medium-density fiberboard, the applicable tariff rate after the tariff reduction was analyzed to be reduced more than 50% in the position of developed members, and therefore is determined to be considerable influenced upon the applicable tariff rates. On the other hand, in the position of developing country the tariff rates after the tariff reduction was higher than that of the applicable tariff rates in 2007. Thus no changes of the tariff reduction by a negotiation agreement was analyzed to be happened.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.324-339
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• 2005

The WTO/DDA Negotiation on the Fisheries Subsidies started by DDA(Doha Development Agenda : 2001.11)at early 2002 has been held about 20 times until the fist half of 2005. The Negotiation will be terminated until the end of 2005 but now, it is impossible to predict the exact conclusion of the Negotiation. There is a sharp conflict of opinion on the WTO/DDA Negotiation on the Fisheries Subsidies between FFG(Fish Friends Groups : USA, New Zealand etc) and Anti-FFG(Rep. Korea, Japan etc). The Fisheries Subsidies is regulated by the WTO/DDA Negotiation that regulates on the subsidies of industrial products, fisheries products, forest products. Considering the progress of the WTO/DDA Negotiation on the Fisheries Subsidies, Guidelines for the Fisheries Subsidies Negotiation were established in Doha Ministerial Declaration at 2001 and a necessity of a special regulation on the Fisheries Subsidies has been discussed from 2002 to 2004. After june, 2004, the Negotiation was proceeding as Rep. Korea, Japan and Taiwan agreed with discussing a special regulation on the Fisheries Subsidies and At 1st, August, 2004, they reached an agreement on a necessity of a special regulation on the Fisheries Subsidies. At Feb, 2005, discussion was suspended because of presenting the joint proposal from 3 countries(Rep. Korea, Japan and Taiwan) and now discussion on the Fisheries Subsidies is giving the first consideration to classification of prohibited/non-actionable subsidies, S&D of a developing countries, small fisheries, problems of farming, grace period etc. From now on, Considering the 18th~the 20th negotiations, it is expected that discussion of fisheries subsidies regulation including property and range of prohibited/non-actionable subsidies, S&D of a developing countries, a definition of small fisheries is accelerated. In this point of view, this paper analyzed and arranged every country's proposals holding our own position and took a survey to fishermen and fisheries experts about prohibited/non-actionable subsidies. In addition, this paper intends to suggest the way of future-negotiation and provides essential data to help government's policy making through analyzing prohibited/ non-actionable subsidies, farming subsidies, S&D of a developing countries, small scale fisheries.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.573-600
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• 2009

Currently, the Free Trade Agreement(FTA) promoting regionalism or bilateralism has been increasingly concluded, which is against multilateralism of the WTO. The adoption of the TRS under the FTA carries various issues from the rationale of its existence to its contents. To explain these contradictory issues between the WTO and the FTA, this paper studied on the TRS by analyzing present cases and negotiation results of the TRS under the FTA and comparing them under the WTO. The TRS under the WTO agreement is limited only to antidumping, countervailing duties and safeguard as the agreed concept. When the negotiations of the FTA are on the process, it is necessary to adopt the TRS depending on the negotiating party countries of the FTA after considering fully the economic situations of Korea and the need of protection for the domestic industries. Currently, Korea has entered into the FTA with several countries and most of the agreements with respect to the TRS maintain and observe the right and duty in the WTO agreement and when necessary, in some of the FTA agreements, they have changed parts of the TRS. Consequently, it is needed to establish the basis for application of the TRS. Also, additional application of the SSG provision to some sensitive goods is highly recommended.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.37 no.2 s.71
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• pp.85-109
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• 2006

This study is aimed to investigate the structure of world pollack markets and the position/competitiveness or Korea for WTO/NAMA Negotiation. First or all, it is clearly pointed out that many limitations and problems are inherent in FAO statistics that is widely utilized to investigate the structure of international seafood markets. Especially, it is impossible to find not only the data for Russia that is the top production and export country of pollack, but also the data for importing/exporting countries for pollack. In order to make up for these problems, the data for export and import of major countries are collected and analyzed. The results of analysis show the followings. First, it is clearly investigated that classification of fish products are different for countries. Second, it is understood the structure of international pollack market in actuality. The pollack market is segmented by frozen, fresh, dried, fillet, roe, surimi, etc. In addition, the pollack market has grown as much as 600,000 tons in amount and $1.2billion in value. Third, competitiveness of Korea in international pollack markets is measured quantitatively. It shows that Korea has low RAC index and TSI index, but high RMI index. Thus, it is identified that Korea becomes the largest pollack importing country. Fourth, the partial equilibrium analysis on pollack import market of Korea indicates that the frozen pollack has both price elasticity and substitution elasticity, while the fresh pollack has income elasticity.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.193-206
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• 2006

The United States demands that the Korean Government include in the WTO GPA the privately invested projects of the BOT contract. Controversy surrounding BOT contract will continue. As of result of opening up of private investment market including BOT contracts, inflow of foreign capital will be expanded, and it will provide an opportunity for rectifying any unreasonable policies or regulations. With active penetration of foreign companies, there is a possibility for deepening of competition in the private investment market, and if a foreign administrative company is selected, possibility of assigning high value works such as design to foreign companies leaving labor intensive work such as construction to domestic companies exists, and also, difficulties resulting from agreement between the employer and the foreign administrative company exists. Large-scale construction companies must put forth their efficiency and creativity, and through revolutionary constructions by private sectors, reduction in construction cost should be made possible, and must also increase efficiency in maintenance, repair, and management of the facility. On the other hand, in order for Korean construction companies of BOT businesses to be able to enter the foreign BOT industry, the government needs to conduct studies in information and policies of various nations.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.361-387
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• 2010

China has been the number one target of anti-dumping cases. In the middle of 1990s, China began to make anti-dumping rules to protect its domestic markets. The first anti-dumping regulation was mentioned in 1994 and the anti-dumping and anti-subsidy regulation was published in 1997. In 2001, China entered into the WTO and as a member of WTO, China is obliged to revise its anti-dumping rules in accordance with WTO's requirements. After that China amended anti-dumping rules in 2004 and it is still valid. Even though China makes considerable efforts to make the rules to be consistent with WTO Rules, China is still facing various difficulties such as lack of transparency, absence of definite deadlines, mismatch between rules, lack of clear interest criteria, overly hard questionnaires and inadequacy of judicial review and non-market economy. This paper deals with the current situation of anti-dumping system in China and the scheme of antidumping law and regulations and the main contents of that law and regulations. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the enhancement of China's anti-dumping rules by studying the problems and solutions of the anti-dumping rules in China.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.735-765
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• 2000

The paper aims to introduce and to discuss seafood import systems in terms of tariff and Non-Tariff Measurements which have been changed by the establishment of WTO. The paper can be used as materials for seafood trade policy making. The Non-Tariff Measurements for seafood import control in Japan are explored as follows; Import Quota, Import License, Pre-identification, Standard system, Customs Clearance Procedure, Import Port Nomination, Import Channel, Unification. The paper is composed of six chapters. Chapter 1 shows the current situation of seafood trade of major countries and background of the research. Chapter 2 deals with fisheries negotiations in the Uruguay Round, their impacts and major issues of tariffs and Non-Tariff Measurements in seafood trade. Chapter 3 analyzes seafood import of Japan, which is the core nation in the seafood trade of Northeast Asian Region, by item and the structure and characteristics of Japanese seafood import tariff including Non-Tariff Measurements. Chapter 4 and chapter 5 tackle seafood import management system of EU and USA respectively. Chapter 6 summarizes the issues of seafood import by focusing on Japan which is the biggest import market of Korean seafood.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.101-121
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• 2017

This article investigates the negotiation landscape of WTO ITA(Information Technology Agreement) expansion negotiation which is the most recently concluded plurilateral trade agreement under WTO. Using the trade flow data of each country and product, this study explores analytical indicators to identify the overall characteristics of the negotiation and negotiation position each participant might make. Results identified that the negotiation was generally led by export-oriented countries, especially East Asian countries. Country level negotiation positions at each sub-sector are also discussed in this study.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.445-464
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• 2009

Many countries in the world have regulated cross-border supply in basic telecommunications services based on GATS exception rule for telecommunications because of anti-competition behavior control, domestic consumer protection, tax levy, national security, etc. Korea partially regulates cross-border supply in telecommunications service through the WTO and the domestic law and regulation. However, WTO and FTA negotiations, cross-border supply regulation are strongly demanded to deregulation. Therefore, it is required to review the effectiveness of cross-border supply regulation to prepare the counter plan for that regulation. Thus, the major countries of the telecommunication services regulation regarding the cross-border supply are reviewed. In addition, it is retrieved some implications for Korean regulation policy by reviewing the actual regulation of many countries cases.