• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2008

Pulse diagnosis refers to the process of diagnosing a patient by feeling an artery on the wrist based on the shape that the pulse take s while the hold-down pressure increase. The styloid process artery on the wrist is usually felt, and the pulse is taken on Chon, Gwan and Cheok using three fingers. This study is to examine the structural difference in the location of pulse diagnosis by measuring and analyzing blood diameter, blood depth, and blood flow velocity of the location of pulse diagnosis by using ultrasonic wave (VOLUSION730 PRO, GE Medical, U.S.A). This study also attempted to grasp whether the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on Body Mass Index (BMI) and analyzed their correlation with Oriental medical pulse diagnosis. The male subjects without cardiovascular diseases were divided into the normal BMI group, the underweight group and the overweight group and 10 people of each group were measured, Blood depth, blood diameter and blood flow velocity at the location of pulse diagnosis (Chon, Gwan, Cheok) of the wrists of left and right hands were measured and the pulse wave was measured by using pulse diagnosis instrument (3-D Mac, DaeyoMedi, Korea).The results of this study showed that the characteristics of blood vessels differ depending on the degrees of obesity, and the characteristics of floating pulse and sinking pulse of Oriental medical pulses were related to the degrees of obesity. This shows that the characteristics of the blood vessels of subjects and BMI information are the major indicators for diagnosis and are the matters that must always be considered when developing the algorithm of pulse diagnosis.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative accuracy of a range of computer-based analysis with respect to EMG onset determined visually by an experienced examiner. Ten healthy students (6 male, 4 female) were recruited and three times randomly selected trials of isometric contraction of wrist flexion and extension were evaluated using four technique. These methods were compared which varied in terms of EMG processing, threshold value and the number of samples for which the mean must exceed the defined threshold, and beyond 7% of maximum amplitude. To identify determination of onset time, ICCs(Intraclass Correlation Coefficients) was used and inter-rater arid intra-rater reliability ranged good in visually derived onset values. The results of this study present that in wrist flexion and extension, the reliability of the inter and intra-examiner muscle contraction onset times through visual analysis showed beyond .971 with ICCs. The reliability of the muscle contraction onset time decision through visual reading, tested with computer analysis, showed a relationship of all the selected analysis methods with ICCs .859 and .871. The objective computer-based analysis comparing with visual reading at the same time is the effective and qualitative data analysis method, considering the specificity of each study method.

• 복식
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

The Purpose of this study is to analyze the kinds and positions of tattoo patterns on the body in tattoo-related internet communities and professional web sites. for this purpose, 1,892 tattoo patterns were analyzed by sex(man and woman). The results were as fellows; First, animal patterns(30.2%) occupied most, followed by character patterns(24.1%), geometric patterns(13.0%), natural patterns(10.3%), plant patterns(4.7%), mixed patterns(2.5%), and artificial patterns(2.2%). In patterns, dragon(10.3%) occupied most, followed by star(8.7%), trival(8.6%), woman(7.6%), skeleton(4.9%), and letter(4.8%). Second, men's preference to pattern groups included animal patterns(30.8%), character patterns (28.3%), geometric patterns (14.6%), and natural patterns(6.0%). Among patterns, dragon(13.4%) was the most frequent, followed by trival(10.9%), woman(10.7%), and skeleton(7.1%). Women's preference to patterns groups included animal patterns(31.4%), natural patterns(17.3%), character patterns(17.2%), geometric patterns(10.5%), and plant patterns(10.0%). Among patterns, star(15.3%) was the most frequent, followed by butter- fly(10.5%), elf(9.2%), and dragon(9.2%). Third, the positions of tattoos on the body included upper arm(26.6%), shoulder(10.8%), back(10.5%), the wrist(10.0%), the calf(7.5%), back bottom(7.0%) and the breast(6.3%). While men's preference to pattern positions included upper arm(38.2%), the wrist(13.7%), back(10.5%), the calf(9.4%), and shoulder(8.0%), women's preference to positions included back bottom(17.7%), shoulder(15.5%), back(10.5%), front bottom(8.2%), and the breast(7.8%).

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical results after Steindler flexoplasty. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 6 cases who had nearly normal finger and wrist joint flexion function, but could not flex elbow joint actively because of upper arm type brachial plexus injury. We performed operation during the period from February 1997 to July 2003. There were 5 males and 1 female with mean age of 28 years (range: $19{\sim}51$ years) when Steindler flexoplasty was done. The average follow-up period was 3 years 11 months (range: 12 months${\sim}$7 years 4 months). We assessed active range of motion of elbow joint, muscle power and elbow function by Mayer & Green grade scale at last follow-up. We assessed how much they were favorable for Steindler flexoplasty and had improvement of upper extremity function and correction of deformity. Results: Postoperative, flexion range of elbow joint improved to average $111.7^{\circ}$ (range: $90{\sim}130^{\circ}$). $25.8^{\circ}$ (range: $15{\sim}45^{\circ}$) in flexion contracture and $16.6^{\circ}$ (range: $10{\sim}35^{\circ}$) in pronation contracture were remained. Range of motion of elbow joint improved to average $85.3^{\circ}$ (range: $45{\sim}105^{\circ}$). Flexion power of elbow joint improved to Grade 5 in all cases. Postoperatively on Mayer & Green grade scale, there were excellent in 3 cases(50%), good in 2 cases(33.3%), fair in 1 case(16.7%). On patient's own assessment of functional improvement, there were excellent in 4 cases(66.6%), good in 1 case(16.7%) and fair in 1 case(l6.7%). Conclusion: Steindler flexoplasty can reserve good clinical results with being improved to active flexion of elbow joint in cases who have functional hand and wrist, but paralysis upper arm muscle in brachial plexus injury.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 3축 가속도 동작 감지기를 이용하여 신체활동 에너지 소비량 예측 알고리즘을 구현 하였다. 피험자 33명(남성: 15, 여성: 18명)을 대상으로 트레드밀에서 호흡가스분석기, 3축 가속도 동작 감지기(피트미터)를 허리와 손목에 착용 후 2 km/h ~ 11 km/h 까지 각 단계별 2분 수행 후, 1 km/h 씩 증가 시키면 실험을 진행하였다. 3축 가속도 동작 감지기의 x, y, z축 출력 값을 하나의 대표 값으로 처리하는 신호벡터크기(Signal Vector Magnitude: SVM)와 산소소비량과의 회귀분석을 통하여 신체활동 에너지 소비량 예측 알고리즘을 구현 하였다. 허리, 손목, 허리와 손목의 3축 가속도 동작 감지기 착용 위치에 따라 알고리즘을 구현하고 각각의 알고리즘 별로 비교하여 신체활동의 특성에 따라 선택적으로 이용할 수 있도록 구현 하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.412-422
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• 2009

This study was conducted to assess exposure to musculoskeletal disorder(MSD) risk factors in hospital personnel who performed non-routinized work tasks. A tool ("PATH-KOSHA" version) was newly revised from PATH(Posture, Activity, Tools and Handling) method and uploaded into a personal digital assistant(PDA). The version was used, on a basis of direct-observation, to collect PATH data at the 2 hospital settings in different regions. Job analysis was performed to get various information (e.g., work and rest time, task type) as well. The data collected were visually checked for data cleaning and stored for future data analysis. A total of 1,992 PATH observations were made for 37 hospital workers. Exposure levels varied across 18 items of the MSD risk factors. The highest percent time spent on non-neutral postures was 53% for wrist deviation, followed by 47%(pinch grip), 35%(trunk posture), 23%(neck posture), and 20%(shoulder/arm posture). The highest percent time spent among hand activity level(HAL) variables was 55% for HAL-cat2 (HAL: 3.3 - <6.7). The percent time of items with respect to both loads with more than 5kg and contact stress was less than 4%. Vibration was not exposed in the study workers. Different aspects were discussed for findings. The study results showed that wrist deviation was highest in percent time spent on awkward posture while HAL-cat2 was highest in hand repetition. The study suggests that distal upper extremity posture and HAL should be primarily addressed and controlled in non-routinized work including the hospital settings.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2015

올바른 운동량 조절을 위해선 운동중의 심박수 측정이 중요하다. 최근 스마트 디바이스가 활발하게 사용됨에 따라, 운동중의 실시간 심박수 측정에 대한 관심이 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 고강도 운동 중에는 동잡음으로 인하여 손목 밴드 유형의 광혈류 (PPG : photoplethysmography) 측정기 신호로부터 정확한 심박수를 추정하는 것이 매우 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 손목밴드 유형의 광혈류 측정기 신호로부터 정확한 심박수 추정을 위한 효율적인 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 12개의 데이터 세트에 대하여 제안하는 알고리즘을 적용한 결과, 1.38의 분당심박수(BPM) 평균 절대 오차를 기록하였고, 0.9922의 추정 심박수와 실제 심박수간의 Pearson 상관계수를 얻었다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 웨어러블 디바이스에 적합한 빠른 연산속도와 정확한 추정을 가능케 한다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

The WMSDs are known to occur more in upper extremity than lower extremity, and such a ratio is increasing each year. The motions or repeated work requiring excessive strength beyond worker's maximum grip strength were known as a major cause of the WMSDs in upper extremity. To prevent the WMSDs in upper extremity, research on the grip strength characteristics analysis of field workers that can be used as basic data for work design and manual tool design is needed. The purpose of this study is to identify various variables affecting grip strength and is to find out the impacts of grip strength on WMSDs. This research measured the grip strength of 327 field workers at Heavy Industries, and also conducted a questionnaire survey on individual characteristics and job characteristics. As a result of analyzing grip strength, the grip strength was statistically significant (P<0.1) according to the body surface area (BSA) of the research subjects. The differences between percentile groups of grip strength were statistically significant (P<0.1) according to pain levels of hand/wrist/finger and arm/elbow. The comparison results between the average grip strength of Korean adult males and the average grip strength of the survey-targeted heavy industry workers show that the average grip strength of the heavy industry workers was higher by 9.75 kg. This study analyzed relationship between grip strength and the pain levels of hand/wrist/finger and arm/elbow, and compared the findings in this study with those of existing preceding studies. Also, this research comparatively analyzed the grip strength of Korean adult males and survey-targeted heavy industry workers. The findings of this study can be used as useful data for ergonomic work design and manual tool design to prevent WMSDs at industrial worksites, given that almost no data on the grip strength of workers in the industrial sites are found in Korea.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the functionality with material-improved working uniform(protocol, P) and current working uniform(control, C). Movement functionality evaluation of material-improved working uniform was carried out through sensory evaluation of working uniform. And Oxygen uptake was explored to different working uniform(P, C) in relation to a physiological functionality measurement. The results have been shown as follows: It was found that the workers feel uncomfortable with the parts of the wrist, the back width, the shoulder seam and the side in the current working uniform when they move their arms up and down, but the inconvenience has been reduced in the material-improved working uniform. And It was found that the workers feel uncomfortable with the parts of the back width, the wrist and the side seam of the jacket, and the waist, the hips and the thigh of the trousers in the current working uniform when they move their waist, but the inconvenience has been reduced in the material-improved working uniform. In the current working uniform, it was also found that they feel uncomfortable with the parts of the horse riding position in which they stand straight in their slightly bended knees, with the parts of the hips, the side seam, the thigh and the knees when they crouch down, and with the parts of the hips and the thigh when they put one of their legs onto a higher place. However, the inconvenience was reduced in the material-improved working uniform. Oxygen uptake, which was measured to assess physiological dressing functionality, was found to be higher when people work in an uncomfortable uniform than when they work in a uniform of better functionality by an increase in metabolic rate, which can be a cause of workers' inefficiency of fatigue.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2005

Objective: We evaluate temporal correlations between postoperative symptomatic and electrophysiological improvements, and assessed the recovery time required for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) before returning to routine activities. Methods: 30 CTS patients were treated via the endoscopic monoportal approach, from March 2001 to September 2003. We assessed the symptoms (hyperesthesia in the finger tips, or abnormal sensations and painful numbness or night pain) and electrophysiological changes in the preoperative state, 1 month and 6 months after surgery. We marked the times at which patients became able to return to activities of daily living and work, after undergoing endoscopic carpal tunnel release. Results: At the end of the follow-up period, high levels of achievement and good outcomes were observed, with respect to both the symptoms and electrophysiological studies. We discovered significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative periods, especially in terms of motor nerve onset latency from $4.50{\pm}1.43$ to $3.97{\pm}0.69$ and sensory nerve conduction velocity, the wrist-to-finger from $19.81{\pm}10.03$ to $28.18{\pm}11.01$ and wrist-to-palm from $23.34{\pm}13.40$ to $31.79{\pm}13.38$(P<0.05 for each comparison). The average time interval required before return to activities of daily living was 26.4 days, and time interval required before return to work was 48.08 days. Conclusion: Electrophysiological improvements are largely consistent with symptomatic relief, but there is some disparity between electrophysiological and symptomatic improvement.