• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.536-540
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were 1) to analyze the correlation between Word-of-Mouth(WOM) message sender credibility and WOM effect and 2) to analyze the differences of WOM message sender creadibility and WOM effect in off-line and on-line WOM communication. The messages were created as a form of scenario for this study. Respondents were asked to evaluate the message sender credibility and predict WOM behaviors after reading given scenario. The questionnaires were distributed to 200 customers and a total of 175 questionnaires were used for analysis(87.5%). The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Win(12.0) for descriptive analysis, paired t-test, factor analysis, correlation analysis. The positive off-line WOM message sender was considered as more credible(p<.001) than on-line WOM message sender. 'Message sender credibility' is correlated with 'attitude formation' in both channels, but 'reliable' factor of 'credibility' variable is not significantly correlated with 'attitude change'.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-146
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• 2013

The online social networking services (SNS) have been growing as the means of communication. In this study, we investigated word-of-mouth (WOM) effect under the SNS environment and evaluated the impact of message sender's influence on the WOM effect. Especially, this study focused on the betweenness centrality calculated through the social network analysis (SNA) of SNS network information, and proposed it as the measure of WOM message sender's influence, SNA may provide more accurate and objective measures than subjective self-reporting survey method. Fifty-one Facebook users responded to each of their four Facebook friends, who had been selected based on their betweenness centrality, Statistical analyses were performed using the responses and the betweenness centralities of the Facebook friends. The results showed that the direction (positive vs, negative) of a WOM message in SNS had an impact on the attitude of the message receiver toward the product. Moreover, the betweenness centrality of the message sender as well as his/her opinion leadership had a moderating effect on the WOM effect. Opinion leadership is a measure that has been frequently used for indicating the influence of WOM message sender in the previous studies. Considering the result that the betweenness centrality of the message sender was Significantly correlated to his/her opinion leadership, the betweenness centrality can be used for indicating the influence of WOM message sender.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.478-493
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the online WOM effect of blog review depending on brand awareness and message direction. The theory of planned behavior was applied to understand online WOM acceptance. A survey was conducted targeting female in 20s and 30s and 312 questionnaires were used for analysis. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS ver. 18.0. The results are as follows. First, purchase intention and online re-WOM intention are higher when brand awareness is higher. Second, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, WOM acceptance intention, purchase intention and off-line re-WOM intention show higher values when negative information is afforded. Third, in type 1 (high brand awareness/positive message) and type 3 (low brand awareness/positive message), attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have a positive effect on WOM acceptance intention. In type 2 (high brand awareness/negative message), subjective norm and attitude have a positive effect on WOM acceptance intention. In type 4 (low brand awareness/negative message), subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have a positive effect on WOM acceptance intention. Forth, in type 1 and type 3, WOM acceptance intention has a positive effect on purchase intention, offline re-WOM intention and online re-WOM intention. In type 2 and type 4, WOM acceptance intention has a negative effect on purchase intention, and a positive effect on offline re-WOM intention. The results show that blog review has ripple effect on consumer behavior by affecting purchase intention and offline re-WOM intention.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2020

Studies related to Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) show that the acceptance of eWOM information is an important factor in customer purchase decisions. When consumers accept eWOM information, they tend to use that information in considering before making purchase decisions. In Viet Nam, there are few studies about eWOM information, especially on the acceptance of eWOM information. Research is conducted to test the influence of consumers on the perception of the senders' identity to the acceptance of online reviews (a kind of eWOM) in Viet Nam - a case study in Ho Chi Minh City. Using adjustment techniques, inspecting the scales and a theoretical model represent the relationship among the influential factors. The research is based on a sample of 522 consumers who use the Internet to search for product reviews before buying and used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the relationships among the variables. The research results show that the scales of the variables: Message Quality, Source Credibility, Perceived Message Usefulness, Perceived Senders' Identity, Perceived Message Credibility, Message Acceptance attain the validity and reliability in the research. The research contributes to the understanding of the determinants that influence the acceptance of eWOM information, which are informational factors, and factors related to consumer skepticism.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.149-162
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• 2021

Nowadays, the cosmetic and fashion industries are paying attention to influencer marketing on Instagram. In this study, we determined whether electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) communications were affected by the following parameters: the influencer's information source, message sidedness, and consumer's regulatory focus. The experimental design of this study is a three-way mixed ANOVA, which comprises of 2 (influencer information source: expert vs general consumer) × 2 (message sidedness: two-sided message vs one-sided message) × 2 (consumer regulatory focus: promotion focus vs prevention focus) structure. The data for this research study was obtained by distributing a questionnaire to 410 subjects. The participants were aged between 20 and 39 years and lived in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. In total, the data of 396 subjects was analyzed with the help of SPSS 25.0 statistical program: frequency analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, three-way ANOVA, and simple main effect analysis were performed. The analysis results were as follows: First, influencer information sources and consumer regulatory focus exhibited a significant interaction with consumers' e-WOM intentions. Second, message sidedness and consumer's regulatory focus exhibited a significant interaction with e-WOM intentions. Third, influencer information source and message sidedness exhibited a significant interaction with consumers' e-WOM intentions. Based on these findings, the type of influencer's information source and the consumer's regulatory focus was taken into consideration while marketing cosmetics on Instagram. Moreover, influencer marketing strategies must be used to evaluate message sidedness. This would help us gauge the consumer's attitude towards advertisements.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.29-52
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• 2018

Purpose As the number of SNS users increases, the importance of SNS advertisement is also increasing. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of factors on effectiveness of SNS advertising, and expand research on users' attitude and behavior intention toward SNS advertising. Design/methodology/approach This study was designed to examine the structural relationships among SNS service attribute, users' cognitive characters, psychological factors, users' attitude and behavior intention toward SNS advertising. Concretely, SNS service attribute was presented as online interactivity, and users' cognitive characters were presented as perceived relevance and perceived intrusiveness. In addition, psychological factors were presented as presence experience and message credibility, users' attitude toward SNS advertising was presented as advertisement attitude and users' behavior intention was presented as WOM. Findings The results showed that online interactivity has a positive effect on presence experience and message credibility, but perceived intrusiveness has a negative effect on presence experience and message credibility. Perceived relevance has a positive effect on presence experience, but does not have significant effect on message credibility. Presence experience and message credibility have positive effects on advertisement attitude and WOM, and advertisement attitude also has a positive effect on WOM. Based on the results from this study, academic and practical implications can be drawn. First, the study extended the scope of research about SNS advertising through focusing on SNS service attribute and SNS users' cognitive characters and identified the relationship between presence experience, message credibility, advertisement attitude and WOM. Second, the results of this research can provide practical guidelines to develop effective advertising strategies for companies which promoting SNS as a marketing tool.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2011

The current research identified the impacts of WOM(Word-of-Mouth) regarding dining experience and the factors which were likely to influence them. Specifically, this study is examined from the perspective of WOM recipient's in on-line settings. For the purpose of this research, online survey was used and a total 203 online questionnaires of respondents who had experienced restaurant reviews and recommendations via internet last 6 month were analyzed. Overall, the results indicated that in aspects of WOM recipients, the impacts of WOM were 'visit intention', 're-WOM intention' and 'source credibility' affected 'WOM acceptance' in this process. Additionally, 'online homophily' and 'message vividness' had a positive effects(p<0.001) on builiding source credibility. By clarifying the process between on-line WOM of restaurant consumers and their actual visit, this study intend to provide basis which can be used for restaurant industry's effective marketing activity.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.71-94
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• 2020

Purpose With the development of Social Network Service(SNS) and mobile devices, many companies have been using the Facebook as a Word-of-Mouth(WOM) channel. This study examines the effects of psychological distance and message type on WOM using the Facebook's real messages. And the moderating effect of the message type on the relationship between psychological distance and WOM was also analyzed. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis was used as a research method. A total 7,483 messages were collected from 50 companies' Facebook Fanpage (based on the ranking of socialbakers.com) and content analysis was conducted using human coding. As the influencing variables, the message type and psychological distance and the number of 'Likes', 'Share', and 'Comment' were used as the dependent variable. The R3.4.4 was used to perform descriptive statistics, cross-tab analysis, and analysis of variance(ANOVA). Findings First, a larger proportion of Facebook messages have close psychological distance for all message types(information, advertisement, event, and customer relationship). Second, 'Like' and 'Comment' number were significantly higher in messages of close psychological distance. Third, the effects of psychological distance on 'Like', 'Share', and 'Comment' number were different according to message type. However, 'advertisement' message type had significantly more numbers for all WOMs('Like', 'Share', and 'Comment') in messages with close psychological distance.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.86-91
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• 2019

The goal of this study is to identify how different types of messages can contribute to the effectiveness of social media in healthier dietary behavior. The sample consisted of 160 participants who use social media and participants were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental conditions. The study shows that a positively framed message paired with a health focused message and a negatively framed message paired with a body image focused message exhibit a positive eWOM and message perception. This research offers direction for development of appropriate message types to improve social media effectiveness. Social media marketers and advertisers can develop social media content on healthier dietary behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to study the influence over confidence and Word-Of-Mouth (WOM) effect in the acceptance process of WOM by information characteristics(consensus, vividness, and message neutrality) of individual cosmetic blog, reflecting that it is widely spreading over the public. Online survey for the consumers using such blogs was performed to collect data(N=200), and credibility analysis through Cronbach-${\alpha}$ and Structural Equation Model(SEM) analysis using AMOS 18.0 were performed. The analysis results are as follows; First, vivid information and neutral message increase WOM effect through the improvement of consumers' credibility whereas information consensus doesn't positively influence over credibility. Second, the examination of a moderating effect by type of cosmetics demonstrated that the consumers of basic cosmetics have most confidence in vivid information, and those of color cosmetics do more confidence in neutral message. Therefore, there is a difference in the credibility factor of online WOM depending on the type of cosmetics consumption so that differentiated information provision strategies for cosmetics groups should be established based on it.