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Growth curve estimates for wither height, hip height, and body length of Hanwoo steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

  • Park, Hu-Rak;Eum, Seung-Hoon;Roh, Seung-Hee;Sun, Du-Won;Seo, Jakyeom;Cho, Seong-Keun;Lee, Jung-Gyu;Kim, Byeong-Woo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.384-391
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    • 2017
  • Growth curves in Hanwoo steers were estimated by Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Brody nonlinear models using growth data collected by the Hanwoo Improvement Center from a total of 6,973 Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers 6 to 24 months old that were born between 1996 and 2015. The data included three parameters: A, mature size of body measurement; b, growth ratio; and, k, intrinsic growth rate. Nonlinear regression equations for wither height according to Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Logistic, and Brody models were $Y_t=144.7e^{-0.5869e^{-0.00301t}}$, $Y_t=145.3(1-0.1816e^{-0.00284t})^3$, $Y_t=143.1(1+0.7356e^{-0.00352t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=146.8(1+0.4700e^{-0.00249t})^1$, respectively, while those for hip height were $Y_t=144.5e^{-0.5549e^{-0.00312t}}$, $Y_t=145.0(1-0.1724e^{-0.00295t})^3$, $Y_t=143.1(1+0.6863e^{-0.00360t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=146.2(1+0.4501e^{-0.00263t})^1$, respectively. Equations for body length $Y_t=174.1e^{-0.8342e^{-0.00289t}}$, $Y_t=175.8(1-0.2500e^{-0.00265t})^3$, $Y_t=170.0(1+1.1548e^{-0.00363t})^{-1}$, and $Y_t=180.3(1+0.6077e^{-0.00215t})^1$, respectively, for the same models. Among the four models, the Brody model resulted in the lowest mean square error, with mean square errors of 31.79, 30.57, and 42.13, respectively, for wither height, hip height, and body length. Also, an estimated birth wither height, birth hip height, and birth body length (77.98, 80.57, and 70.97 cm, respectively) were lower in the Brody model than in other models. An inflection point was not observed during the growth phase of Hanwoo steer according to the growth curves calculated using Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Logistic models. Based on the results, we concluded that the regression equation using the Brody model was the most appropriate among the four growth models. To obtain more accurate parameters, however, using data from a wider production period (from birth to shipping) would be required, and the development of a suitable model for body conformation traits would be needed.

Ecological Study on Some Spring Flowering Plants under the forest of Deciduous Broad-Leaved Trees (낙엽수림하에서의 수종 봄꽃식물에 대한 생태학적 연구)

  • 이일구
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 1974
  • This survey has been carried out on ten species(Erythronium japonicum, Symplocarpus renifolius, Adonis amurensis var. ramosa, Corydalis turtschaninovii var. genuina, Primula sieboldii forma spontanea, Anemone raddeana, Gagea Iutea, Heloniopsis japonjca, Hylomecon japonicum, and Convallaria majalis var. keiskei in the undergrowth of a forest of deciduous broad-leaved trees in the Kwangnung area of Kyung-Ki Province. They always bloom towards the end of March which is earlier than most of the other plants do. They completely finish up their matter productions before foliage of the deciduous trees, which are the upper strata plants, grows broader or to cite in other terms, before the relative light intensity in the lower strata is fallen to the lowest degree to become to insufficient to allow for photosynthesis. These phanerophytes naturally wither down between June and July. The above mentioned phenomenon clearly demonstrates a kind of the ecological niches and habitat segregation in terms of using sunlight to her greatest advantage. Soon after these herbs wither they make their own winter buds-life form-around their roots and then go into hibernation. The intensity of light in this forest zone was measured through the use of a lux meter in order to investigate it's seasonal variations. In additions, an intensive survey on the duration of their efflorescence was fullfilled.

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Occurrence of Scale of Zoysiagrasses(Zoysja japonica) in Golf Courses in Korea (국내 골프장의 한국잔디(Zoysia japonica) 에 잔디깍지벌레 발생)

  • 심규열;김인섭
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.101-103
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    • 1994
  • In June 1994, the circular parch of zoysiagrasse(Zoysia japonica) occurred in golf courses in Kyeongnam, Kycooggi province, Korea The causal agent identified as Antonina graminis Maskell (Rhodeagrass scale). A. gramninis settle on a grass leaf shearh and stem, and then suck plants juices, causing daroaged plants to wither and die. Adult scales were legless, immobile, and shell-like protective cover with waxy and 2~Amm in size. Immature scales had three pairs of leg, and were mobile, O.4~ O.9mm in size.

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Effects of breeds on body weight, age, body conformation, backfat thickness and steroid hormone concentrations at first estrus and mating of gilts (첫발정과 종부시 체중, 연령, 체형, 등지방 두께 및 스테로이드 호르몬 농도에 미치는 종빈돈 품종의 영향)

  • Kim, Hong-Ki;Kim, Jong-Sang;Kim, Hong-Zoo
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to get a fundamental information for improvement of reproductive performance in gilt. We investigated the effects of breeds on body weight, age, body length, wither's height, girth and backfat thickness, and the serum concentrations of estradiol-17${\beta}$, cortisol and progesterone at first estrus and mating of gilts. A total of 47 gilts of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, produced at Livestock Experiment Station, Chungnam livestock sanitation research institute from 2000 through 2002, were used for this experiment. Body weight, age and girth of Duroc at frist estrus and mating were higher than those of Landrace and Yorkshire. There were no differences on body length among the three breeds at frist and mating. Wither's height of Duroc and Yorkshire at first estrus and mating was higher than that of Landrace. Backfat thickness of Yorkshire was thinnest among the three breeds at first estrus, but there were no differences on backfat thickness among the three breeds at first mating. Serum estradiol-17${\beta}$ concentration of Landrace(45.0 pg/ml) at first estrus was higher than that of Yorkshire(27.4 pg/ml) and Duroc(21.8 pg/ml), but there were no differences on estradiol-17${\beta}$ concentration (from 18.5 to 31.9 pg/ml) among the three breeds at first mating. Serum cortisol concentration of Duroc at first esturs and mating was higher than that of Landrace and Yorkshire. There were no differences on serum progesterone concentration among the three breeds at first estrus and mating of gilt.

Performance Research of a Multi Functional Tree Protection Pad (다목적 기능을 가진 수목보호패드의 성능 연구)

  • Jung, Yong-Jo;Lee, Kyung-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.133-143
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    • 2018
  • In spite of the growing importance of landscaping trees, the rate of flawed and withered trees damaged by pest, disease, drought or frost is increasing. In order to evaluate the performance of the Tree Protective Pad, which are developed to reduce the failure ratio in landscape planting, the tree protective pad for 'digging', 'pest controlling', and 'insulating' are tested based on the five functional criteria; moisturizing effect, wither preventive effect, pest and disease control, thermal effect, tensile strength, and environmental performance. The result of this study is as follows. The moisturizing effect of the tree protective pad for digging is found to be outstanding. According to the result of testing the pad on trees, in particular, it is better than jute tape in wither preventive effect, which means it is expected to prevent flaw and wilt from planting during the improper seasons like summertime. The experiment of installing the protective tree pad for pest controlling to the trunk of Quercus mongolica shows that preventive effect of the pad from diseases and insects is superior, and it also has economical effect by reducing the use of agricultural chemicals. The comparative test of the pad for insulating and jute tape proves that the temperature of the pad is about $2^{\circ}C$ higher than outside. The rate of tensile strength and biodegradation of the pad exceeds the optimal level, so it is revealed that the pad may be the work efficient and environment-friendly product. Likewise, by timely irrigating trees, the tree protective pad economically prevents trees from pest, disease,drought or frost, which may be caused by improper seasonal or delayed planting. As a means of reducing the flaw and facilitating the growth of trees, the exceptional performance of the pad is expected to effectively used in landscape planting and management.

COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG CALVES IN SEVERAL HOUSING SYSTEMS IN THE WINTER OF COLD REGIONS

  • Okamoto, M.;Sone, A.;Hoshiba, S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.305-311
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    • 1993
  • A total of thirty male Holstein calves were reared outdoors with simple housings or in warmed pens in three experiments conducted in three consecutive midwinters in Hokkaido. Average outdoor air temperatures during the experiments were between -5.3 and $-6.1^{\circ}C$, and average minimum air temperatures were between -9.7 and $-10.6^{\circ}C$. The age of calves at the start of the experiments were $16{\pm}6$ hours. There was no difference in the liquid feed intake, while the solid concentrate (artificial milk) intake by the calves in the simple housing systems (outdoors, calf hutch and open shed) tended to be higher than those in the warmed pen. No significant differences in the daily gain or the monthly development of wither height were observed among housing systems. There were no serious cases of diarrhea. However, coughing was observed in several of the calves reared in the poorly ventilated warmed pens.

The Bibliographical Study Nuruk (누룩의 문헌고찰)

  • 이미경;이성우;윤태헌
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.19-29
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    • 1994
  • In this paper a review of literature on Nuruk(yeast) between 1907 and 1945 was made, which showed that barley, rice bran, oat, rye, and other ingredients were originally used according to region and production quantity. Yeast can be classified into rough (Chokuk) and powder (Bunkuk) types depending on the degree of grinding. Yeast also had seasonal names, being called " Choonkuk", Hakuk", Jeolkuk", and "Dongkuk" in the spring, summer, autumn and wither respectively. The form of yeast in terms of quantity, size, and shape varied greatly by region, Production facilities were composed of plant structures to suit each process, enabling continuous output. The production process included shaping, placement in the fermenting chamber, piling by turns, risk-sifting and final output. Testing procudures were divided into visual inspection, physical testing, and chemical analyses.

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Comparative Studies among Bull, Steer and Heifer on Growth Performance, Blood Composition and Carcass Characteristics According to Fattening Phase in Hanwoo (한우 암소, 수소, 거세우의 비육단계별 발육성적과 혈액성상 및 도체특성에 관한 비교연구)

  • Lee, Sang-Min;Hyun, Jong Hwan;Lee, Shin-Ja;Kim, Eun-Tae;Moon, Yea-Hwang;Lee, Sung-Sill
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.931-944
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to compare among bull, steer and heifer on growth performance, blood composition and carcass traits according to fattening phase in Hanwoo. 12 month of aged 4 bulls ($339.8{\pm}18.5kg$), 4 steers ($309.8{\pm}13.2kg$), and 3 heifers ($290.0{\pm}16.7kg$) were allocated in the stalls with individual feeding system during 20 months. Average daily gain was not different among the treatment groups during early fattening phase, but higher in the bulls and lower in the heifers after mid-fattening phase (p<0.05). The difference of body size by animal groups appeared from 24 month of age, and wither height and body length of Hanwoo heifer were the smallest (p<0.05) among treatment group. But wither height was not difference among treatment groups at 32 month of age. At 12 month of age, concentrations of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and total protein were higher in the heifers compared to other groups, and serum GPT (Glutamic pyruvic transaminase) was the highest (p<0.05) in the bulls, and serum GOT (Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) was the highest (p<0.05) at late fattening phase in the bulls. Meat yield index was similar between the bulls and the heifers, and the lowest (p<0.05) in the steers. Marbling score was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the steers and the heifers than in the bulls, and meat quality was the best in the steers among treatment groups. The results of this experiment might be used as a basal data on difference between gender in revision of Korean feeding standard for Hanwoo.

Evaluation of optimal planting combination considering growth characteristics of major landscaping groundcover plants (조경용 주요 지피식물의 생장 특성을 고려한 식재조합 및 혼식 적합성 평가)

  • Han, Seung Won;Jang, Ha Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.197-205
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    • 2020
  • With the purpose of designing companion planting of groundcover plants for ornamental uses, this study identified the yearly growth characteristics of nine species of different life forms, analyzed the coverage characteristics of individual plants, and suggested combinations of plants suitable for each life form. Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum, Liriope platyphylla and Hosta capitata, as short-grained plants that can grow to more than 20 cm, tended to grow for 60 days after planting in April and maintain their shape thereafter. Their aerial parts started to wither and enter dormancy after September. Saxifraga stolonifera, Dianthus chinensis and Sedum middendorffianum tended to continuously grow until September after planting in April and their growth declined after September. Lysimachia nummularia, as a creeping plant that grows creeping on the ground, started to show a rapid growth three months after planting. Sedum sarmentosum grew slowly until August and the aerial parts started to wither from September when the temperature decreases. The coverage characteristics of these nine species that grow differently after companion planting were surveyed and the growth of Sedum sarmentosum showed the highest number of companions. It was found that Hosta capitata can be companion planted with Sedum middendorffianum, Saxifraga stolonifera, and Lysimachia nummularia. These results indicate that among different shoot growth types species propagated with their stems creeping on the ground or those that can grow vegetatively with non-rhizome parts are more suitable for companion planting with others than those of which rhizomes branch.

Effects of Breeds on Body Weight, Age, Body Conformation, Backfat Thickness and Steroid Hormone Concentrations at First Estrus and Mating of Gilts (첫 발정과 종부시 체중, 연령, 체형, 등지방 두께 및 스테로이드 호르몬 농도에 미치는 종빈돈 품종의 영향)

  • 김종상;김홍기;손동수;양창범;이성호;이영주;박창식
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.163-167
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to get a fundamental information fur improvement of reproductive performance in gilt. We investigated the effects of breeds on body weight, age, body length, wither's height, girth and backfat thickness, and the serum concentrations of estradiol-17$\beta$, cortisol and progesterone at first estrus and mating of gilts. A total of 47 gilts of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, produced at Livestock Experiment Station, Chungnam Livestock Sanitation Research Institute from 2000 through 2002, were used for this experiment. Body weight, age and girth of Duroc at first estrus and mating were higher than those of Landrace and Yorkshire. There were no differences on body length among the three breeds at first estrus and mating. Wither's height of Duroc and Yorkshire at first estrus and mating was higher than that of Landrace. Backfat thickness of Yorkshire was thinnest among the three breeds at first estrus, but there were no differences on backfat thickness among the three breeds at first mating. Serum estradiol-17$\beta$ concentration of Landrace (45.0 pg/ml) at first estrus was higher than that of Yorkshire (27.4 pg/ml) and Duroc (21.8 pg/ml), but there were no differences on estradiol-17$\beta$ concentration (from 18.5 to 31.9 pg/ml) among the three breeds at first mating. Serum cortisol concentration of Duroc at first estrus and mating was higher than that of Landrace and Yorkshire. There were no differences on serum progesterone concentration among the three breeds at first estrus and mating of gilt.