• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.192-199
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• 2008

Objective : Silent infarct is more common in healthy elderly people and seems associated with risk of future stroke. However, the prevalence and risk factors of silent infarct are unclear. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of silent infarct. Methods : 56 first-ever cerebral infarct patients were enrolled in this study. CT images were made of all 56 patients. We divided them into two groups according to the presence of silent infarcts and comparedage, sex, education period, WHR, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, numbness and weakness of thumb and index finger, neck stiffness, facial spasm, and blepherospasm. Result : Silent infarcts were found in 24 patients(43%). Most infarcts(48%) were located in basal ganglia. Age, sex, education period, WHR, numbness and weakness of thumb and index finger, neck stiffness, facial spasm, and blepherospasm were similar between the two groups. Diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and smoking were higher in the silent infarct group. Hypertension was higher in the non-silent infarct group. Conclusion : The prevalence of silent infarct in first-ever cerebral infarction patients was 43% and diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and smoking were higher in silent infarct patients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.826-837
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• 2007

Gallstone composition has changed over the past decades in the Korean with a prominent increase in the prevalence of cholesterol gallstone. This trend is possibly due to the westernization of dietary habits. The purpose of this study was descriptive of GB patient's health related eating behaviors and nutrient consumption patterns. One hundred and six gallstone patients who have had cholecystitis surgery enrolled in this study. Anthropomertic indices, such as height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured and calculated BMI and WHR. As the biomarker, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBG level and SBP/DBP were measured and analyzed the relationship with GB stone formation. The structured checklist of health related eating behavior and the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire after pre-test was used in the face to face interview study. The mean age was $54.9{\pm}13.3$ and gallstone disease was more frequent in the fifties and sixties. Mean BMI was $24.3{\pm}2.8$ in males, and $23.4{\pm}3.9$ in females, the average of waist circumference was $91.1{\pm}7.0cm$ in males and females were $85.4{\pm}9.6cm$. The WHR of men and women was $0.93{\pm}0.0,\;0.90{\pm}0.1$, respectively. The obesity and overweight trend was observed in gallstone patients. The mean blood sugar was researched at $114.5{\pm}35.0mg/dL$. And the ratio of both symptoms DM and gallstone was 26.4%. The rate of dramatic eating repast was significantly higher in the females (p<0.01). Males tended to more frequently consume meat, of high fat content meats and greasy food consumption when eating out. The CPF ratio was 57:16.5:26.5. There was a significant positive correlation between WC and energy (r=0.252, p<0.05), carbohydrate (r=0.255, p<0.05) and niacin (r=0.227, p<0.05). In addition, carbohydrate were significantly correlatied with TC (r=0.230, p<0.05). BMI appeared positive in correlation of protein (r=0.201, p<0.05) and fat (r=0.205, p<0.05). These findings provide a little association that dietary habits are related with cholesterol gallstone formation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2018

The WHtR (waist to height ratio) and ABSI (a body shape index) are indicators that reflect abdominal obesity. This study examined the insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome prediction ability of ABSI and WHtR. In this study, 4,395 people aged 20 years or older, who underwent physical examinations at a General Hospital in Gyeonggi-do from January 2017 to September 2017 were assessed on a cross section survey. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of the AHA/NHLBI. Insulin resistance was judged to be insulin resistance when the HOMA-IR value was 3.0 or more. Both men and women showed a stronger correlation between WHtR and the metabolic risk factors than ABSI. The AUC value of WHtR and ABSI was 0.849 and 0.676, respectively (p<0.001). The AUC value of WHtR and ABSI for predicting insulin resistance was 0.818 and 0.641, respectively (p<0.001). In conclusion, the ABSI has low predictive power of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome whereas the WHtR has good predictive power for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.878-892
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of pregnant women's taking of probiotics and pilates exercise on Postnatal women's body composition, gut-microbiota, obesity hormones, blood lipid, inflammatory cytokine. Overall clinical trial procedures are as follows. First, a total of 15 pregnant women were classified into 3 groups, probiotics intake+exercise group(PEX, n=5), exercise group(EX, n=5), and control group(CON, n=5). The PEX and EX groups participated in the pilates exercise twice a week for eight weeks, with 10 min for warm-up, 30 min for main exercise and 10 min for cool-dawn. The probiotics had to take one capsule a day on its empty stomach every day. The results showed that intestinal harmful bacteria were inhibited after childbirth in PEX group, and body fat, WHR reduction. There were also positive effects on the decrease of leptin hormone in PEX group and on IL-6, TNF-a levels. The caesarean section ratio of CON group compared to PEX and EX group was found to be high. Conclusion pregnant women's probiotics intake and pilates exercise will be effective in women's abdominal fat reduction after childbirth, and will have positive effects on inflammatory levels and appetite control hormones, which will be effective in preventing and treating obesity for after childbirth.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.155-169
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• 1997

This study investigated the effect of weight control by using the commercial appetite suppressant ((-)-hydroxycitric acid(HCA) formula) and nutrition education on 72 obese women over a period of 8 weeks. During the study it conducted nutritional education for women to control their weight, thus analyzed their changes in anthropometric variables. All obese women were randomized in a double-blind method to consume either HCA(HCA group : experimental group) or placebo(placebo group : control group). Two groups were also divided randomly into 2 groups combined with commercial formula diet in 1 meal a day(HD group and PD group : HCA + gormula diet and placebo + formula diet) or not(HO group and conducted with 4 groups(HD, HO, PD, and PO group). All subjects were assigned to consume 800-1500kcal/d balanced diet which is 500kcal less than their usual energy requirement. To evaluate the effect of the weight control program, weight, percent of body fat, waist and hip circumferences, and 5 skinfold thickness were measured up to 5 times in all obese women. The mean weight of the subjects at the onset of the study was 76.5$\pm$10.6kg. The mean body mass index(BMI) wa 30.1$\pm$3.8 and it was in the upper 5 percentile of mean BMI of Korean women. At the end of the program, mean weight loss was 3.5kg after 2 weeks(p<0.001), and 5.8kg after 4 weeks(p<0.001). The waist, hip ratio(WHR) and skinfold thickness measurements of biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and abdominum showed significant reduction over the entire study period(p<0.05). These outcome were evaluated by effect of nutritional education and counselling. The reduction of % of body fat was significantly different among the 4 groups. Women who administrated HCA demonstrated more change in weight, BMI than the placebo group. There was also significant reduction in body composition (% of body fat, WHR, and skinfold thickness) than the other groups. The HD group which was administrated HCA combined with formula diet was more decreased than other groups. It showed that this program using commercial HCA and formula diet induced not only a change in weight but also a change in body composition. The outcome of this study suggests that HCA has a more effctive change on weight control which is carried out with nutritional education and counselling.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.520-526
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• 2012

Various forms of fermented soybean products are well documented for their health benefits. The efficacy of anti-obesogenic effect of Doenjang, one of the most commonly used seasonings in Korean cuisine, has been reported only in animal models; thus, an evaluation of Doenjang needs to be conducted in human studies. We aimed to test the hypothesis that Doenjang supplementation reduces body weight and changes body composition in overweight adults. A total of 51 overweight adults participated in this study. A group of males with BMI ${\geq}23kg/m^2$ and waist to hip ratio (WHR) ${\geq}$ 0.90, and a group of females with BMI ${\geq}23kg/m^2$ and WHR ${\geq}$ 0.85 were randomly assigned to either a Doenjang supplement (9.9 g dry/day) group or a placebo group for a 12-week randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Anthropometric parameters, abdominal fat distribution by computerized tomography (CT) and blood components were measured before and after the intervention period. After the 12-week study, the Doenjang supplementation group had significant reductions in body weight (kg), body fat mass (kg) and body fat (%) compared to the placebo group, the supplementation of Doenjang resulted in a significant reduction in visceral fat ($cm^2$), although no changes were observed in total and subcutaneous fat are as ($cm^2$), serum lipid profiles and dietary intakes. The present study demonstrated that daily supplementation of 9.9 g dry/day of Doenjang for 12 weeks reduces body weight and visceral fat in overweight adults.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.94-103
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the association of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with all-cause mortality among populations. The data used were from a Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) based on health examinations and questionnaires. The subjects consisted of 10,110 persons aged 40 and over. Hazard ratio was analyzed using Cox's proportional hazard model. The hazard ratio of AST (${\geq}50.0\;IU/L$) was 2.198 (95% CI: 1.217-3.971) after being adjusted for age, sex, education, regular exercise, smoking, drinking, WHR, and TG. In conclusion, AST was an independent significant risk factor of all-cause mortality, and ALT showed a tendency to increase. Overall, these findings indicate that AST and ALT may be useful tools for predicting mortality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2003

심혈관계질환의 예방과 영양교육의 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 성인 남녀를 대상으로 규칙적인 운동 습관과 음주, 흡연, 폐경, 비만 여부에 따라 신체계측치와 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, LDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol 등의 혈청지질 및 영양소 섭취량을 비교 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1)체중이나 신장, 비만 정도 및 WHR 등 신체계측지수는 음주나 흡연 여부에 따른 차이가 없었으나, 혈청 중성지방 농도를 유의적으로 상승시켰다. 2)음주군은 비음주군에 비하여 단백질의 열량비율(% RDA)이 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), 흡연군은 비타민 A와 나이아신, 비타민 B6, 엽산, 비타민 C, 비타민 E의 섭취량에 있어서 비흡연자들보다 낮은 경향을 보였다. 3)운동에 의한 혈청지질 농도에는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나, 남성들의 경우 현재의 체중과 PIBW, Quetlet index, 엉덩이둘레가 비운동자들보다 많은 것으로 나타났다. 영양소 섭취량에 있어서 남성의 경우 운동군이 비운동군에 비해 콜레스테롤과 나이아신 및 인을 더 섭취하고 있었으며, 당질의 섭취비율은 유의적으로 더 낮았다(p<0.05). 여성의 경우에는 불포화지방에 유의적 차이를 보여 비운동군의 불포화지방 섭취량이 더 많았다(p<0.05). 4)폐경한 여성의 경우 폐경 전 여성에 비하여 신장은 더 작고 WHR은 더 높았다. 폐경 이후 estrogen 분비의 변화로 인하여 혈중 지질 성분 중에서는 cholesterol이 198.4$\pm$36.3mg/dl, LDL이 119.5$\pm$34.9mg/dl로 폐경 전의 수치보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.01). 5)비만 여부는 남자의 경우 콜레스테롤 농도에(p<0.01)), 여자의 경우 중성지방 농도(p<0.01)에 대해 의미있는 설명력을 보이는 변수로 작용하고 있었다. 그러나 식이 섭취상태와의 관련성은 나타나지 않았다. 이상에서 생활습관이 신체계측치 및 혈중 지질 농도와 일부 상관을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 건강위험 요인도 관찰할 수 있었다. 고지혈증은 심혈관계질환의 주요한 위험 인자로 알려져 있으며, 그 유발 요인에는 여러 환경적인 요인과 식이 요인이 있다. 또한 생활습관은 영양소의 섭취량에도 영향을준다. 이처럼 식이 요인과 생활습관은 단독 혹은 상호 영향을 주게 되므로 고지혈증 및 심혈관계질환을 개선하려면 식사요법과 생활습관 교정을 병행하여야 한다. 고지혈증의 원인 중의 하나로 지적되고 있는 음주와 흡연은 상호 유도작용이 있으므로 금연이나 절주를 하고자 할 경우 두가지를 동시에 자제해야 효과적일 것으로 생각된다. 폐경후 여성들에게 발생 빈도가 높은 심혈관질환의 위험요인인 고지혈증을 예방하고자 하는 노력은 폐경후 여성들의 삶의 질적 향상을 위해서도 매우 중요하다. 또한 균형식 섭취와 운동을 통해 혈중 지질 수준을 건강하게 유지하고, 비만으로의 이행을 방지함으로써 심혈관계질환을 예방하도록 하여야겠다.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2015

Recent cross-sectional studies indicate that obesity is a risk factor for periodontal disease. This study was aimed to investigate whether the four-week weight control program including caloric restriction and exercise training could have an effect on periodontal health. Forty-one obese (body mass index [BMI] ${\geq}25.0$) and five overweight ($23.0{\leq}BMI<25.0$) students participated in the weight control program. Anthropometric data and oral examination data were collected at the baseline and at the 27th day. BMI, waist hip ratio (WHR), and percent of body fat (PBF) of the subjects decreased significantly, but gingival index, sites with bleeding on probing (BOP), and sites with shallow pocket depth didn't show the significant changes in paired t-test. There was no difference in the outcomes according to smoking, drinking alcohol, and sex. Nevertheless, PBF and sites with BOP (r=0.777) and WHR and sites with shallow pocket depth (r=0.444) showed positive correlations. PBF accounted for 58.9% of the variance in sites of BOP in regression analysis. We suggested that obesity might relate with periodontal health, although it was not clear whether weight control could influence on periodontal health directly.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.46-73
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• 2007

In this study, the researcher tried to present the groundwork to prepare the oriental medical yangseng plan for the future obesity with the comparison between yangseng level and the obesity of workers. The researcher made up the questionnaire which asks the general character, health-related character and yangseng level, projected among 560 people. All collected material was analyzed by SPSS and tested by T-test and ANOVA. 1. The general yangseng level average is 3.27, morality yangseng 3.90, sleep yangseng 3.39, mind yangseng 3.31, sex life yangseng 3.30, exercise yangseng 3.15, activities and rest yangseng 3.08, diet yangseng 2.94, seasonal yangseng 2.84. The highest is morality yangseng and seasonal yangseng is the lowest. 2. In the aspect of yangseng level: Having a spouse, Non-smoking, Regular exercising, Sufficient sleeping have higher yangseng levels. 3. Obesity related index is changing into the higher level when he/she is older, more paid, more job experience, more education background but less metabolic calory. And drinking and regular exercising have relativity with body composition analysis. 4. After comparing yangseng level with body composition analysis, we can easily find that the more visceral fat, the higher WHR has a high yangseng level. The more mineral also has a high mind yangseng and a low diet yangseng. The visceral fat level has a high yangseng level when higher morality yangseng and mind yangseng are getting higher and higher. And sex life yangseng shows that the highest yangseng level is from 9-10 visceral fat and the lowest yangseng level is from below 4 visceral fat. The higher WHR, the higher morality, mind and sleep yangseng. The heavier, the lower diet yangseng. The mind yangseng was very high when body fat rate was higher. The more body fat, the higher morality yangseng. The higher yangseng, when we have more muscle. Yangseng level and obesity of laborer has a close relationship with individual character and daily habits. Also, relevance can be easily found between yangseng level and obesity. Now the researcher came into the conclusion that we need to control over laborers' health and prevention of their obesity.