• 복식
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2014

Although DIY(Do-It-Yourself) clothes are not popular in Korea, they continually reflect emerging DIY trends. Previous studies have approached the technical aspect of DIY clothes or have considered them only as an aspect of consumption tendencies. The purpose of this study is to look into online communities to investigate distinctive elements, which form the DIY clothing culture. Participant observation of texts and pictures from the online community's postings about DIY was conducted and used for the analysis. Research results showed that personal and social factors motivated DIY clothes. Personal motivations are comprised of factors such as practical creativity and personal enjoyment. Practical creativity occurred when someone wished to express aesthetics and personality in DIY clothes; personal enjoyment refers to the pleasure and utility that one feels when one makes DIY clothes. The social motivations were comprised of factors such as a desire to show off and to expand social exchanges. The desire to show off involved wearing DIY clothes and then finding satisfaction from reactions of people who notice it. The "expansion of exchanges" was not only about sharing information about DIY clothes in an online community but also about distributing or giving real goods (materials or tools for DIY clothes and finished goods) as gifts. Furthermore, some "DIYers" made DIY clothes sustainable by pursuing economic feasibility as an additional motivational factor. When they had expertise and commercial traits, they established businesses in the form of independent creative firms, transforming themselves from productive consumers to producers.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 우리나라 연안에 서식하는 두줄망둑의 자치어 골격발달을 관찰하여 분류학적 연구자료로 이용하는 것이다. 부화 후 7일째 평균전장 $4.44{\pm}0.28mm$ (n=5) 일 때 섭이기능을 하는 윗턱에는 전상악골, 주상악골이 골화하였고, 아래턱에는 악골이 골화하기 시작하였다. 부화 후 13일째 평균전장 $5.62{\pm}0.24mm$ (n=5) 일 때 두개골의 액골, 노정골, 상이골이 골화하였다. 부화 후 32일째 평균전장 $11.8{\pm}0.28mm$ (n=5) 일 때는 견대부에 사출골, 후쇄골이 골화하였고, 부화 후 40일째 평균전장 $13.3{\pm}0.21mm$ (n=5) 일 때 두개골의 측사골이 골화하면서 모든 골격의 골화가 완료되었다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.389-409
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• 2010

Chinese is a topic-prominent language, so when we learn Chinese we should know the discourse function of the Chinese language. Most of the Korean student think Chinese sentences should appear in the order of S-V-O and they always make mistakes when they use Chinese. I think Korean is very similar with Chinese in the discourse function. Hence, in this paper, I try to find a method of teaching Chinese topic sentence. It does so by comparing Chinese with Korean in the light of discourse function. I think when Korean student know how to use Korean topic sentence to explain the discourse functions of the Chinese language, they will not make similar mistakes. With this understanding in mind, chapter 2 tries to show various topic sentences to prove that 'topic' is very important in Chinese sentences. This is why we say Chinese is a topic-prominent language. In chapter 3, I analysis the sentences that students made, and highlight the reasons why they made mistake. The result lies in the reason whereby they always think Chinese should appear in the order of S-V-O. They do not understand why some sentences appear in the order of O-(S)V or S-O-V. It show that they do not know what is topic sentence and do not know how to make topic sentences. Sometime I have them translate them into Korean, but they also make Korean sentences like in the order of Chinese S-V-O. Therefore, I think, under this circumstance, to let them to translate and to speak in Korean in topic sentence, get some feelings about Chinese topic sentences, and tell and make Chinese topic sentences are naturally critical in their training.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2016

In this study, change in water-dissolved oxygen (DO) was analyzed under various synthetic water qualities and nanobubbles (NBs) application conditions, such as gas type, initial DO as well as water dissolved, suspended and organic matters contents. When oxygen, rather than air, was introduced into nitrogen-desorbed ultra-pure water, the stagnation time was significantly increased. It took ten days for DO concentration to drop back to saturation. The higher the initial DO concentration, the longer particles were observed above saturation due to particle stability improvement. The oxygen mass transfer rate of 0.0482 mg/L/min was found to reach a maximum at an electrolytic concentration of 0.75 g/L, beyond which the transfer rate decreased due to adsorption of negative ions of the electrolyte at the interface. High levels of turbidity caused by suspended solids have become a barrier to dissolution of NBs oxygen into the water solution, and thus affected the transfer performance. On the other hand, by applying NBs for just an hour, up to 7.2% degradation of glucose as representative organic matter was achieved. Thus, NBs technology would maintain a high DO extent for an extended duration, and thus can improve water quality provided that water chemistry is closely monitored during its application.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.399-405
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• 2011

In a desalination technology using RO membranes, chemical cleaning makes damage for membrane surface and membrane life be shortened. In this research cleaning technology using direct osmosis (DO) was introduced to apply it under the condition of high pH and high concentration of feed. When the high concentration of feed is injected to the concentrate side after release of operating pressure, then backward flow occurred from treated water toward concentrated for osmotic pressure. This flow reduces fouling on the membrane surface. Namely, flux of DO was monitored under pH 3, 5, 10 and 12 conditions at feed concentrations of NaCl 40,000 mg/L, 120,000 mg/L and 160,000 mg/L. As a result, DO flux in pH 12 increased about 21% than pH 3. DO cleaning was performed under the concentrate NaCl 160,000 mg/L of pH 12 during 20 minutes. Three kinds of synthetic feed water were used as concentrates. They consisted of organic, inorganic and seawater; chemicals of SiO2 (200 mg/L), humic acid (50 mg/L) sodium alginate (50 mg/L) and seawater. As a result, fluxes were recovered to 17% in organic fouling, 15% in inorganic fouling and 14% of seawater fouling after cleaning using DO under the condition of concentrate NaCl 160,000 mg/L of pH 12.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.181-185
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• 2007

현재 완도항은 인근해역을 통항하는 선박이, 황천을 만났을 때 피항할 수 있는 묘박지의 부족으로 항만 안전에 많은 위험요소가 내재하고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 완도항 인근 해역의 지리적인 조사를 하여, 피항 정박지의 최적지를 제안하고자하였다. 이를 위하여, 인근 해역의 어장 조사를 실시하여 정박지 부근의 어장위치 등을 고려할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 통항선박과의 안전관계를 위하여, 해상교통조사를 실시하였으며, 이를 정박지 지정에 반영하였다. 최종 최적 정박지를 후보지로 제안하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2019

This work addresses a three-dimensional nonlinear structural analysis of the constructive phases of a cable-stayed segmental concrete bridge using The Finite Element Method through ANSYS, version 14.5. New subroutines have been added to ANSYS via its UPF customization tool to implement viscoelastoplastic constitutive equations with cracking capability to model concrete's structural behavior. This numerical implementation allowed the use of three-dimensional twenty-node quadratic elements (SOLID186) with the Element-Embedded Rebar model option (REINF264), conducting to a fast and efficient solution. These advantages are of fundamental importance when large structures, such as bridges, are modeled, since an increasing number of finite elements is demanded. After validating the subroutines, the bridge located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and known as "Ponte do Saber" (Bridge of Knowledge, in Portuguese), has been numerically modeled, simulating each of the constructive phases of the bridge. Additionally, the data obtained numerically is compared with the field data collected from monitoring conducted during the construction of the bridge, showing good agreement.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.635-656
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• 2019

In this paper, we investigate the degrees of freedom (DoF) of a multi-cell multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interference broadcast channel (IBC) with non-cooperation distributed base stations (BS), where each BS serves users of its corresponding cell. When all BSs simultaneously transmit their own signals over the same frequency band in the MIMO IBC, the edge users in each cell will suffer the inter-cell interference (ICI) and inter-user interference (IUI) signals. In order to eliminate the ICI and IUI signals, a distributed space time interference alignment (DSTIA) approach is proposed where each BS has only limited access to distributed moderately-delay channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). It is shown that the DSTIA scheme can obtain the appreciate DoF gains. In addition, the DoF upper bound is asymptotically achievable as the number of antenna at each BS increases. It is shown that the DSTIA method can get DoF gains over other interference alignment schemes with delayed CSIT in literature. Moreover, the DSTIA method can attain higher DoFs than the IA schemes with global CSIT for certain antenna configurations.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2020

2019년 경기도내 전통시장, 대형마트, 반찬전문점에서 수거한 반찬류의 미생물 품질을 조사하였다. 반찬류 108건의 식중독 원인균을 검사하였고, 그 중 75건에 대해서는 구매 장소별, 조리 방법별 위생세균 검사를 진행하였다. 14건(12.9%)에서 Bacillus cereus가 검출되었으며, 나머지 94건에서는 식중독 원인균이 검출되지 않았다. 위생세균 검사에서 일반세균의 평균 검출량(범위)은 전통시장이 5.8 log CFU/g (3.0-8.2 log CFU/g), 대형마트는 4.3 log CFU/g (2.3-7.8 log CFU/g), 반찬전문점에서는 3.8 log CFU/g (0.0-6.9 log CFU/g)로 나타났으며, 구입 장소에 따른 유의적인 차이가 있었다(Ρ <0.05). 전통시장의 일반세균수와 대장균군은 대형마트, 반찬점과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고, 생채류, 나물류, 볶음류, 젓갈류, 조림류 순으로 일반세균수와 대장균군이 높게 검출되었다. 콩나물 무침의 보관온도별 일반세균수의 변화는 냉장보관(4℃)에서는 72시간 경과에서도 큰 변화가 없었으나, 상온보관(20℃) 및 고온보관(35℃) 시 구입 후 각각 9시간, 6시간 경과 시 부패의 가능성이 제기되어 구입 즉시 냉장보관 할 것을 권장하며, 제품을 판매하는 시설에서도 냉장보관을 하여야할 것이다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2006

유기물 증가원인의 파악과 근본적인 대책에 대한 연구의 일환으로 부영양화된 연안해역에 대하여 태풍 발생 전후의 수질변동에 대하여 조사하였다. 용존산소 포화도는 수온과 염분 약층이 형성된 시기에 저층에서 54%이하로 관측되었다. 태풍이 지나간 직후에는 표층과 저층에서 거의 비슷한 용존산소 포화도$(78\sim88%)$가 조사되었다. 그리고, 태풍이 지나간 3일 후 식물플랑크톤이 대량으로 증식한 표층에서 용존산소 포화도가 234%로 아주 높은 값이 관측되었고, 저층(5m)에서도 90%가 조사되었다. 염분이 가장 낮았던 시기에 표층에서 $NH_4-N,\;NO_3-N,\;SiO_2-Si$의 최고 농도가 각각 18.22, 38.90, $52.10{\mu}M$로 조사되었으며, $NH_4-N,\;PO_4-P,\;SiO_2-Si$는 용존산소가 낮은 저층에서도 높게 나타났다. 클로로필은 최고 $311.0{\mu}g^{-1}$가 태풍 후에 관측되었으며, 그 원인 생물은 Scrippsiella trochoidea(42,000 cells $ml^{-1}$)였다. 조류성장잠재능력은 태풍발생 후에 아주 높게 조사되었으며, 항상 질소가 부족한 것으로 조사되었다. 화학적 산소요구량은 최고 $10.55mg\;l^{-1}$였으며, 태풍으로 저층 퇴적물로부터 부유되는 유기 오탁 물질이 화학적 산소요구량 증가에 미치는 기여도는 크지 않은 것으로 보이며, 화학적 산소요구량 증가의 대부분이 식물플랑크톤의 증식에 기인한 것($r^2=0.612$, p=0.000)으로 조사되었다.