• Ocean policy research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.205-228
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• 2018

Since many RFMOs have been established, various measures to protect small island developing States have been enacted. WCPFC CMM 2017-01 also enacted various measures for that purpose. However, it is notable that CMM 2017-01 has enacted a measure in a manner to reduce benefits of the small island developing States in relation to the vessel charter scheme, although it has made another exception. This study aims to draw implications in establishing Korea's fisheries policy and making an appropriate strategy of the fisheries industries in Korea, through analyses of the charter issue in the WCPFC CMM 2017-01. This paper examines an issue of the vessel charter scheme in the WCPFC CMM 2017-01 comparing with the flag of convenience issue. It concludes that it is recommended to further restrict the application of the vessel charter scheme in the WCPFC CMM 2017-01 and to repeal it ultimately. Finally, this paper draws implications for the Korean government to participate in the WCPFC in a manner to reflect its positions and to harmonize interests of the fishing States and the small island developing States, considering various joint venture business with such States. It further draws implications for the fisheries industries in Korea to actively participate in the WCPFC to maximize their interests.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.415-435
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the returns to scale by estimating the bigeye tuna production function of Korean distant longline fisheries in WCFPC waters. In the analysis, number of crews, vessel tonnage, number of hooks, and bigeye tuna biomass are used as input variables and the catch amount of bigeye tuna is used as an output variable in the Cobb-Douglas production function. Prior to the function estimation, the biomass of bigeye tuna was estimated by the Bayesian state-space model. Results showed that the fixed effect model was selected based on the hausman test, and vessel tonnage, hooks, and biomass would have direct effects on the catch amount. In addition, it was shown that the bigeye tuna distant longline fisheries in WCFPC water would have increasing returns to scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.197-208
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• 2016

The WCPFC CMMs related to tropical tunas have been strongly restricting fishing capacity and operating activities of main fisheries, especially purse seine fishery. In terms of changes in fishing trend by implementing relevant measures of FAD set, the number of FAD set by Korean purse seine fleet showed a decreasing pattern with the lowest level of FAD set proportion among major distant water fishing nations. With regards to the FAD closure, there was no significant change in fishing effort but a drop in catch, especially bigeye tuna during the period of FAD closure. Moreover, it showed closely similar trends between the number of FAD set and bigeye tuna catch. In terms of measures related to the high sea area including a ban on fishing on the HSP and limitation of fishing days on the high sea by flag state, proportions of catch and effort on the high sea had sharply declined after implementing those measures. As relevant measures are expected to be strengthened, it should pay attention to change of coastal nations policies and focus on improving fishing efficiency of unassociated school set with multi-pronged efforts.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.103-127
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• 2010

The FAO reports that IUU fishing activities have widespread economic, social, and management consequences, including depriving legitimate fishers of harvest opportunities. It affects all fisheries from small scale to industrial. It also affects the ability of governments to support sustainable livelihoods for fishers and, more broadly, to achieve food security. The complexity of IUU requires various measures to combat IUU fishing such as adoption of IUU vessel lists; stronger port State controls; improved monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS); implementation of market-related measures to help ensure compliance; and capacity-building assistance. Trade and market measures reduce opportunities for IUU fishing activities by precluding or impeding access to markets for IUU product in a manner consistent with international law. ICCAT, CCAMLR, and IATTC, have put in place trade tracking programs or catch documentation schemes, and WCPFC is considering such a program. Vessel lists assist enforcement authorities in determining which vessels are or are not authorized to be fishing or conducting fishing support activities in specified areas. A number of RFMOs maintain records of IUU vessels: CCAMLR, IATTC, ICCAT, NAFO, NASCO, NPAFC, WCPFC. Section 608 of the US MSRA calling on the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of State, and in cooperation with relevant regional fishery management councils and any relevant advisory committees, to take actions to improve the effectiveness of international fishery management organizations in conserving and managing stocks under their jurisdiction. EU IUU Regulation entered into force on 1 January 2010, was intended to regulate the highly complex multi-channel fisheries supply system of the European Community (EC) in an effort to improve global fisheries sustainability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2012

Currently, environment-friendly and sustainable fisheries are one of the major issues among fisheries authorities. A variety of alternative management policies and projects are going on to enhance fisheries management systems and fishery resources such as a TAC management program and a VDS (Vessel Day Scheme) management scheme for distant water fishing nations in Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) convention area. These kinds of efforts among fisheries management authorities are aimed at limiting fishing capacity or fishing power. In terms of fisheries management, Fishing capacity and fishing power have increased the importance of the impact on a fishery and level of the resources. Increased fishing capacity and fishing power have caused not only depletion of fisheries resource, but also additional fishing cost. therefore, there is a clear need for authorities to manage fishing capacity and fishing power. It is also help ensure the conservation and sustainability of the fishery resources. Because of lack of data, absolute fishing power is difficulty to measure. The notion of relative fishing power is frequently used. In this study, relative fishing power was assessed using Mastuda (1991) method for fishing power index. The raw data for assessment was based on fishermen's logbook data from sampled fishing vessels in coastal snow crab gillnet fishery. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was used to assess fishing capacity. DEA is a linear programming methodology to measure the efficiency of a set of entities called Decision-Making Units (DMUs). It was recommended by FAO for assessing capacity in fisheries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.299-315
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• 2020

Tuna fisheries were applied to an integrated ecosystem-based fishery risk assessment method using indexes of target species status, inhabited species in a target ecosystem, habitat quality and socio-economic benefit of affected fisheries. This study suggested more effective and efficient management measures to break away from traditional management methods, such as limitation of catch and fishing effort. The results presented that the objective risk index (ORI_S) on sustainability of bigeye and yellowfin tunas by purse seine fishery was estimated high due to the high catch ratio of small fishes. The ORIs of biodiversity (ORI_B) and habitat quality (ORI_H) of purse seine fishery were also estimated at a high level from using fish-aggregating devices (FAD). However, due to skipjack tuna's high catches, the ORI of socio-economic benefit (ORI_E) was estimated at a very low level. Due to the high bycatch rate, ORI_B was high, and ORI_S and ORI_H were evaluated at a low level in longline fishery. Due to strengthern of fishing restrictions and increase of fishing costs, the ORI_E was assessed to be very high. The ecosystem risk index (ERI) for two tuna fisheries was assessed low, but the overall FAD management by purse seine fishery is necessary at the ecosystem level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 2016

To suggest more efficient fishing operation, it was analyzed using five years (2011~2015) catch data of six Korean-flagged tuna purse seiners (with 1000 mt of haul capacity) operating in the western and central Pacific Ocean. In terms of annual total catch, it presented a two-year cycle of variation on catch, showing that catches of 2012, 2014 and 2015 were high, whereas those of 2011 and 2013 were low. The proportions on fishing effort of associated set were around 21.9~30.8% having 21.5~45.0% of total catch. In this study, there was no significant difference between catches of unassociated set and associated set. When considered having good fishing conditions, fishing activities were concentrated in the areas of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Kiribati, while it showed that fishing ground spreaded out to the areas of not only PNG and Kiribati but also Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Tuvalu and Solomon islands. The average number of fishing days was 271 with a range of 246~285. As restriction on fishing operation such as reduction of fishing days and higher fishing fee are expected to strengthen, the result of this study will be helpful to select more efficient fishing methods for purse seine fishery based on fishing conditions.