• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2019

Tungsten carbide (WC) hard materials are used in various industries and possess a superior hardness compared to other hard materials. They have particularly high melting points, high strength, and abrasion resistance. Accordingly, tungsten carbide hard materials are used for wear-resistant tools, cutting tools, machining tools, and other tooling materials. In this study, the WC-5wt.%Co, Fe, Ni hard materials are densified using the horizontal ball milled WC-Co, WC-Fe, and WC-Ni powders by a spark plasma sintering process. The WC-5Co, WC-5Fe, and WC-5Ni hard materials are almost completely densified with a relative density of up to 99.6% after simultaneous application of a pressure of 60 MPa and an electric current for about 15 min without any significant change in the grain size. The average grain size of WC-5Co, WC-5Fe, and WC-5Ni that was produced through SPS was about 0.421, 0.779, and $0.429{\mu}m$, respectively. The hardness and fracture toughness of the dense WC-5Co, WC-5Fe, WC-5Ni hard materials were also investigated.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 2008

The comparison of sintering behavior and mechanical properties of ultra-fine WC-10wt.%Co and WC-10wt.%Fe hard materials produced by high-frequency induction heated sintering (HFIHS) was accomplished using ultra fine powder of WC and binders(Co, Fe). The advantage of this process allows very quick densification to near theoretical density and prohibition of grain growth in nano-structured materials. Highly dense WC-10Co and WC-10Fe with a relative density of up to 99% could be obtained with simultaneous application of 60 MPa pressure and induced current within 1 minute without significant change in grain size. The hardness and fracture toughness of the dense WC-10Co and WC-10Fe composites produced by HFIHS were investigated.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 2003

Metal matrix composites(MMC) consist of metal matrix into which is distributed a second solid phase. The normal intension is to develop a material with superior mechanical properties (for example increased toughness, stiffness and wear resistance) compared to those inherent in the matrix component. In this study, WC-12%Co/low carbon steel MMC overlays have been prepared by Gas Metal Arc Welding(GMAW) according to feeding rate of WC-12%Co grit. The macro and microstructures were examined using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) each other. The characteristics of hardness and wear resistance have been investigated. WC-12%Co/low carbon steel MMC overlays which have been taken good beads without porosity and cracks were manufactured by method of GMAW. Matrix of overlayed surface was seen as fish bone and faceted dendrite structures. It was known that structures were iron tungsten carbides, Fe$_{6}$W$_{6}$C which have been occurred by melting of WC-12%Co grits. After MMC had been tested by block-roll wear test it was known that WC-12%Co/low carbon steel MMC has a excellent wear resistance by exiting Fe6w6c and WC-12%Co grit. The consequence was that region of overlay with Fe$_{6}$W$_{6}$C phase has been showed a model of adhesive wear, but region of overlay with WC-12%Co grit was restrained as a result of mechanism that wear of WC-12%Co grit is not adhesive but fracture.racture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.169.1-169
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.907-911
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• 2001

In order to improve the grindability of magnetic abrasive, Fe-WC magnetic abrasives were made by a plasma melting method after ball milling at various times. This study aims to investigate homogeneously distributed hard phases in Fe matrix and strong bonding between the Fe-matrix and the hard phase. According to XRD, SEM and OM observation, Fe-WC magnetic abrasive powders exhibit the best grindability by plasma melting for 30h ball milling. As a result of magnetic abrasive polishing, the surface roughness, R_{max}$ 5.0$\mu\textrm{m}$, before magnetic abrasive polishing, was reduced to R_{max}$ 2.4$\mu\textrm{m}$. The new magnetic abrasive polishing process is thought to be the useful methods for the automation of three dimensional surface polishing.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.266-270
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• 1996

The microstructure evolution during sintering of a compact being composed of three layers of (WC-15%Co)/Fe powder mixture with different Fe contents has been observed. The Fe contents in the respective (WC-15%Co)/Fe layers were varied by 20%. 50%, and 90% in sequence by volume from a top layer to a bot- tom layer. The sintering temperatures and times were varied from 110$0^{\circ}C$ to 125$0^{\circ}C$ and from 1 h to 4 h, The compact layer was not densified below 120$0^{\circ}C$ in 4 h. Appropriate sintering temperature and time conditions for making a multi-layered hard metal compact were determined as 125$0^{\circ}C$ and 3 h, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.250-252
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• 1998

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2012

HVOF thermal spray coating of 80%WC-CoFe powder is one of the most promising candidate for the replacement of the traditional hard chrome plating and hard ceramics coating because of the environmental problem of the very toxic $Cr^{6+}$ known as carcinogen by chrome plating and the brittleness of ceramics coatings. 80%WC-CoFe powder was coated by HVOF thermal spraying for the study of durability improvement of the high speed spindle such as air bearing spindle. The coating procedure was designed by the Taguchi program, including 4 parameters of hydrogen and oxygen flow rates, powder feed rate and spray distance. The surface properties of the 80%WC-CoFe powder coating were investigated roughness, hardness and porosity. The optimal condition for thermal spray has been ensured by the relationship between the spary parameters and the hardness of the coatings. The optimal coating process obtained by Taguchi program is the process of oxygen flow rate 34 FRM, hydrogen flow rate 57 FRM, powder feed rate 35 g/min and spray distance 8 inch. The coating cross-sectional structure was observed scanning electron microscope before chemical etching. Estimation of coating porosity was performed using metallugical image analysis. The Friction and wear behaviors of HVOF WC-CoFe coating prepared by OCP are investigated by reciprocating sliding wear test at $25^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$. Friction coefficients (FC) of coating decreases as sliding surface temperature increases from $25^{\circ}C$ to $450^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.243-246
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• 2003

평균 입도가 $100{\mu}m$인 $Fe_{36}Co_{62}Ge_2$ 합금 분말과 $10wt\%$의 페놀계 고분자 바인더, 그리고 평균 입도가 $1.36{\mu}m$인 WC 분말을 SPEX Mixer/Mill에 넣고 8시간동안 혼합한 후 $150^{\circ}C$에서 Warm press를 이용하여 0.9 ton 의 압력으로 2시간 동안 유지하였다. VSM을 사용하여 자기적 특성을 조사한 결과 WC의 첨가량이 증가할수록 포화자화값(Ms)는 $174\~128\;emu/g$로 감소하였다. 또한 스트레인게이지를 이용하여 자기변형을 측정하였다. WC의 분포를 알아보기 위해 전자현미경으로 복합체의 단면을 관찰하였다. WC의 함량이 $10\~30wt\%$로 증가할수록 밀도와 영률(Young's Modulus) 값이 각각 $5.15\~6.27\;g/cc,\;43.5\~93.6\;GPa$ 로 증가하였다. 특히 영률은 WC를 $30wt\%$로 첨가하였을 때의 값이 첨가하지 않았을 때보다 2배 이상 증가하였다. 그러나 비자성상의 첨가로 희석효과가 나타났으며 길이 방향으로의 자기변형값$(\lambda_{ll})$과 $d_{33}$의 경우 각각 $18\%$와 $20\%$ 정도가 감소되었다. 이러한 기계적 특성의 향상은 길이 10mm의 자기변형 복합체의 공진 주파수를 71 kHz 증가시키게 되며, 따라서 초음파 진동소자용으로서의 상업적 활용범위를 증가 가능성을 제시하였다.