• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1236-1245
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• 2000

This paper propose a novel scheme, called Mobiel Terminal Initiated Scheme(MTIS), in which mobile terminal initiates the backward handover by sending handover request message with the list of target radio ports. In this scheme, the old ATM switch suporting end-user mobility, denoted by EMAS\ulcorner, checks whether each EMAS\ulcorner, managing the target radio port, has its available resources. If it has, the EMAS\ulcorner performs the path rerouting between CrossOver Switch (COS) and itself after deciding the most suitable target radio port. Therefore, the MT initiates the handover after deciding the most suitable target radio port through the beacon signal of Wireless Access Point (WAP). The EMAS\ulcorner have only to check the resource availability of the target radio port. It is no need to waste time to decide the suitable target radio port. Also, once receiving the request of the resource availability, the EMAS\ulcorner can reduce the rerouting delay time due to perform the path rerouting to the COS. In comparison with that of the ATM-Forum procedure, our proposed MTIS handover delay time reduced 14~21%, and end-to-end transfer delay time reduced 2~9%, as a result of the simulation.

• KSCI Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.19-38
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• 2002

21세기 산업 분야의 근간은 정보통신 산업이며 그 정보통신 기술의 두 축은 인터넷과 무선통신이다. 무선인터넷은 인터넷의 즉시성과 휴대전화와 개인정보단말기(PDA)의 이동성을 합한 개념으로 무선단말기를 통해 인터넷을 이용하거나 전자상거래를 할 수 있는 서비스이다. 무선인터넷은 사용자가 이동 중에도 무선망을 통해 인터넷에 접속, 원하는 서비스를 제공받을 수 있는 환경과 기술이라고 할 수 있다. 이처럼 무선인터넷의 핵심은 모바일 즉, 단순히 선이 없다는 의미가 아니라 이동중이라도 언제 어디서라도 인터넷에 접속이 가능하다는 것이다. 현재 국내 무선인터넷 시장은 각종 사업 제휴, 사업설명회, 세미나 등 무선인터넷과 관련해 활발히 움직이고 있고, 막대한 투자와 기술 개발 또한 지속적으로 진행되고 있다. 이처럼 이동통신사업자, 콘텐츠, 솔루션, 단말기 등의 거의 모든 사업자가 초기 시장 선점을 위한 경쟁이 치열하다. 무선인터넷은 이동통신과 인터넷 서비스의 결합으로 이동중에 무선으로 인터넷 정보를 송, 수신할 수 있는 서비스로서 이는 단순문자정보서비스(SMS)방식과 WAP 또는 ME 브라우저를 탑재한 무선인터넷 서비스 방식으로 구분할 수 있다. 무선인터넷은 차세대 이동통신(IMT-2000)과 접목되면서 기존 IT산업 자체를 전면 재편하게 될 것으로 전망되고있다. 하지만 무선인터넷 활성화를 위해서는 사업자들의 지속적인 기술 개발, 콘텐츠 개발, 요금 체계 개선 등도 중요하지만 정부의 정책적 배려와 무료에 익숙해져 있는 사용자들의 인식 변화 등 다양한 차원에서의 노력이 필요하다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.81-84
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• 2001

PC 환경이 아닌 무선 인터넷 환경에서 제공되는 Mobile GIS(Geographic Information System)는 시간과 공간의 제약을 극복하고 실시간으로 지리정보를 얻을 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있으나, 사용자의 무선단말기와 서버 사이에 접속이 유지되어 있어야만 무선으로 GIS 서비스를 이용할 수 있다. 이는 현재 국내 무선 네트워크의 느린 속도와 비싼 이용 요금을 감안하면 Mobile GIS 가 대중화되는데 장애요인이 되고있다. 그리고 무선 인터넷 서비스가 급격히 증가하면서 Mobile GIS는 보안상 약점을 드러낼 것으로 예측된다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 공개된 불특정다수의 무선 네트워크 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 보안의 피해와 그에 따른 기본적 Mobile Security 서비스에 대해 알아보고, 정보보호 입장에서 Mobile Database 를 연구하였다. 또한 Mobile GIS 를 위한 WAP 게이트웨이에서 공간데이터의 유출 가능성을 발견하였고, 이를 위한 해결책으로 J2ME 의 Pre-verification 기능과 종단간 암호화 (End-to-End Security) 기능을 Mobile GIS 설계에 적용하여 무선 환경에서 동적인 지도서비스와 더불어 공간 데이터의 보안을 유지할 수 있는 기법을 제시하였다. 이 연구를 통해 대역폭(Bandwidth)의 한계를 지닌 개방적 무선환경에서 Mobile GIS와 같은 컨텐츠 프라이버시(Contents Privacy) 보호가 요구되는 분야에 응용될 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2021

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanisms of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in laying hens, an experiment was conducted to reveal the differences in histopathological observation and gene expression between FLHS group and normal group. Methods: We compared the histopathological difference using hematoxylin and eosin staining and proceeded with RNA sequencing of adipose tissue to search differentially expressed genes and enriched biological processes and pathways. Then we validated the mRNA expression levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction and quantified protein levels in the circulation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: We identified 100 differentially expressed transcripts corresponding to 66 genes (DEGs) were identified between FLHS-affected group and normal group. Seven DEGs were significantly enriched in the immune response process and lipid metabolic process, including phospholipase A2 group V, WAP kunitz and netrin domain containing 2, delta 4-desaturase sphingolipid 2, perilipin 3, interleukin-6 (IL-6), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). And these genes could be the targets of immune response and be involved in metabolic homeostasis during the process of FLHS in laying hens. Based on functional categories of the DEGs, we further proposed a model to explain the etiology and pathogenesis of FLHS. IL-6 and SOCS3 mediate inflammatory responses and the satiety hormone of leptin, induce dysfunction of Jak-STAT signaling pathway, leading to insulin resistance and lipid metabolic disorders. Conversely, CNTF may reduce tissue destruction during inflammatory attacks and confer protection from inflammation-induced insulin resistance in FLHS chickens. Conclusion: These findings highlight the therapeutic implications of targeting the JAK-STAT pathway. Inhibition of IL6 and SOCS3 and facilitation of CNTF could serve as a favorable strategy to enhance insulin action and improve glucose homoeostasis, which are of importance for treating obesity-related disorders for chickens.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2001

Erythropoietin(EPO)는 혈액의 구성성분 중에서 적혈구 세포 증식에 중요한 기능을 한다고 알려져 있으며, 최근에는 암, 에이즈의 치료 등에도 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구팀은 지금까지 hEPO 유전자를 이용하여, 형질전환 돼지 "새롬이"의 생산에 성공한바 있다. 새롬이의 정액을 활용하여 인공수정을 실시 새롬이의 Fl를 24두 생산하였다. 이에 대하여 "형질전환 돼지의 계대번식시 유전자 전이효율에 관한 연구"라는 제목으로 발표 할 예정이며, 형질전환에 사용된 promoter가 WAP이므로, Fl이 임신, 분만을 하여야만 유즙을 통하여 hEPO물질을 생산할 수 있다. 따라서, Fl(♂)$\times$Fl(♀)의 교배에 의하여 5두가 임신, 분만을 하였으며, 이들 중 1두는 분만 후 21일에 폐사하였으며, 나머지는 현재 정상적으로 사육되고 있다. 이들 5두에 대하여 분만 후 유즙을 채취하여 유즙속에 EPO의 발현여부를 검토하였다. EPO-ELISA kit(medac)를 사용하여 분석결과, 유즙을 8,000배로 희석을 하여야만 Standard curve(1.25~160 mIU/$m\ell$)안에서 EPO의 단백질 발현을 검출할 수 있었다. 5두의 각각 농도는 28, 58, 17, 37, 27 IU/${\mu}\ell$ 였다. 또한 cDNA EPO와 genome EPO를 CHO 동물세포에서 생산하여 10배로 농축한 결과 5.5와 11 IU/${\mu}\ell$의 농도로 유즙과 비교하면 약 20~30배의 낮은 발현양을 나타내었으며, 또한 이러한 결과는 소변에서의 결과(1.1 IU/$m\ell$)보다는 약 30,000배 이상 높은 발현량을 화인 할 수 있었다. 현재, 이들 유즙 물질을 활용 빈혈 질환실험동물을 이용하여 생리활성을 검정, 체내에서 metabolic clearance rate(MCR)를 검토 중에 있다. 또한 F2의 자돈생산은 모돈 5두에서 총 25두가 생산되었는데, 이중 20두 약 80%가 EPO 유전자의 전환율을 나타내었다. 이상을 종합하면, 1) 돼지이용 생리활성물질(EPO)을 유즙에서 대량으로 생산할 수 있는 system의 활용가능성을 국내에서 처음으로 확인하였으며, 2) EPO에 있어서는 국제적으로도 형질전환 가축생산은 최초로 성공하였으며, 현재로서는 생산되어진 물질의 정제수준에 따라 활용가치가 결정되어 질 것으로 사료된다. 생리활성 물질을 생산할 수 있는 형질전환 돼지 생산의 성공은, 앞으로 형질전환 가축생산 뿐 만 아니라, 장기이식 및 복제돼지 생산의 활용 면에서의 응용가능성이 기대된다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.2
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• pp.485-494
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• 2004

Recently, the wireless internet terminals like mobile phones or PDAs prevail in the management of customers. With such terminals, businessmen can get business data and information of customers in real time, in connection with mobile group wares. By the wireless terminals, customers can conveniently get information of goods, search purchase sites, and give orders and do settlement. This paper aims to present the safe data integrity modules of the wireless internet terminal, for service providing correct real-time promotion information, by using users' disposition, situation, Purchase information. This study aims to suggest an implementation methodology of security module for data integrity of mobile internet terminal. This is based on the WTLS of WAP Protocol. This security module is expected to achieve central role in conversion of wireless internet environment and emphasis of encryption technology and safe and calculable wireless communication environment construction

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.7-8
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• 2000

Transgenic animals are very useful for scientific, pharmaceutical, and agricultural purposes. In livestock, transgenic technology has been used forthe genetic alteration of farm animals, the production of human proteins inlarge quantities in the milk of transgenic farm animals, and the generation of animals with organs suitable for xenotransplantation. To date, the transfer of foreign genes into farm animals has been performed mainly by microinjection of DNA into the pronuclei of fertilized eggs. However, the overall success rate of transgenic animals in livestock so far has been disappointingly low, eg., the efficiency is 0∼5% in swine, and less than 1% in sheep and cattle, compared with the rate in mice where 5% microinjected develop into transgenic animals. Recently, McGreath et al. (2000) have succeeded in producing the gene targeted sheep by the use of nuclear transfer from cultured somatic cells transfected with a foreign gene in vitro. However, we may need plenty of time until currently employ this method for gene transfer to farm animals. We have been studying to exploit the method for improving production efficiencies of transgenic animals with emphasis of its application to farm animals. The present paper describes three approaches that we have made in our laboratory to improve production efficiencies of transgenic animals, based on the DNA microinjection method. 1. Co-injection of restriction enzyme with foreign DNA into the pronucleus for elevating production efficiencies of transgenic animals. 2. Efficient selection of transgenic mouse embryos using EGFP as a marker gene. 3. Phenotypes of tansgenic mice expressing WAP/hGH-CAG/EGFP fusion gene produced by selecting transgenic embryos. 4. Efficient site-specific integration of the transgene targeting an endogenous lox like site in early mouse embryos.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2001

For the electronic map service by wireless, the existing map database cannot be used directly. This is because, the data volume of a map is too big to transfer by wireless and although the map is transferred successfully, the devices to display the map usually don’t have enough resources as the ones for desktop computers. It is also not acceptable to construct map database for the exclusive use of wireless service because of the vast cost. We propose new technique to generate a map for wireless service dynamically, from the existing map database. This technique includes the generalization method to reduce the map data volume and filtering method to guarantee that the data volume don’t exceed the limit of bandwidth. The generalization is performed in 3 steps :ㅁ step of merging the layers, a step of reducing the size of spatial objects, and a step of processing user interface. The filtering is performed by 2 module, counter and selector module. The counter module checks whether the data blume of generated map by generalization, exceeds the bandwidth limit. The selector module eliminates the excess objects and selects the rest, on the basis of distance.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop transgenic cell line expressing targeted human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hGCSF) and green fluorescence protein (GFP) genes as well as production of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) embryos derived from co-expressed transgenic donor cells. Constructed pPiggy-mWAP-hGCSF-EF1-GFP vector was chemically transfected into bovine fetus cells and then, only GFP expressed cells were selected as donor cells for SCNT. Cleavage and blastocyst rates of parthenogenetic, SCNT embryos using non-TG cell and hGCSF-GFP dual expressed SCNT embryos were examined (cleavage rate: $78.0{\pm}2.8$ vs. $73.1{\pm}3.2$ vs. $70.4{\pm}4.3%$, developmental rate: $27.2{\pm}3.2$ vs. $21.9{\pm}3.1$ vs. $17.0{\pm}2.9%$). Result indicated that cleavage and blastocyst rates of TG embryos were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of parthenogenetic and non-TG embryos, respectively. In this study, we successfully produced hGCSF-GFP dual expressed SCNT embryos and cryopreserved to produce transgenic cattle for bioreactor system purpose. Further process of our research will transfer of transgenic embryos to recipients and production of hGCSF secreting cattle.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

Cellular operators develop high speed mobile internet and multi-function cellular phones to activate new business model based on mobile internet services. Domestic cellular operators evolve their mobile networks from cdma2000-1x and EvDo to HSDPA to activate high speed mobile internet services. They also develop mobile internet platforms such as WIPI, BREW, and J2ME on multi-function cellular phones having multimedia solutions such as camera, MP3, MPEG, 3D game engine, DMB, PAN such as bluetooth, IrDA, W-LAN, and location information using GPS. But, content providers have problems of redevelopment of the same mobile internet application on different mobile internet platforms provided by cellular operators. In this paper, we develop conversion solutions for interoperability of mobile internet applications on WIPI and BREW using an one-pass compiler. We confirm the performance the proposed conversion solutions for the API conversion rate, the converted file size, and the full conversion time using the popular mobile games which are the killer applications on WiPI and BREW.