• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

The main purpose of this paper is to propose a general dialogue flow in 'the a appointment scheduling dialogues' in German using the concept of dialogue acts. A basic a assumption of this research is that dialogue acts contribute to the improvement of a translation system. They might be very useful to solve the problems that syntactic and semantic module could not resolve using contextual knowledge. The classification of the dialogue acts was conducted as a work of VERBMOBIL project and was based on real dialogues transcribed by experts. The real dialogues were analyzed in terms of the dialogue acts. We empirically analyzed the sequences of the dialogue acts not only in a series of dialogue turns but also in one dialogue turn. We attempted to analyZe the sequences in one dialogue turn additionally because the dialogue data used in this research showed some difference from the ones in other existing researches. By examining the sequences in dialogue acts. we proposed the dialogue flowchart in 'the a appointment scheduling dialogues' 'Based on the statistical analysis of the sequences of the most frequent dialogue acts. the dialogue flowcharts seem to represent' the a appointment scheduling dialogues' in general. A further research is required on c classification of dialogue acts which was a base for the analysis of dialogues. In order to e extract the most generalized model. we did not subcategorize each dialogue acts and used a limited number of items of dialogue acts. However. generally defined dialogue acts need to be defined more concretely and new dialogue acts for specific situations should be a added.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2011

Construction methods for underground structure are classified as bottom-up, up-up, and top-down methods depending on the procedure of construction related to a superstructure. In top-down construction methods, building's main structure is built from the ground level downwards by sequentially alternating ground excavation and structure construction. In the mean time, the main structure is also used as supporting structure for earth-retaining wall, which results in the increased stability of the earth-retaining wall due to the minimized deformation in adjacent structures and surrounding grounds. In addition, the method makes it easy to secure a field for construction work in the downtown area by using each floor slabs as working spaces. However top-down construction method is often avoided since an excavation under the slab has low efficiency and difficult environment for work, and high cost compared with earth anchor method. This paper proposes a combined construction method where semi-open cut is selected as excavation work, slurry as earth -retaining wall and CWS as top-down construction method. In the case study targeted for an actual construction project, the proposed method is compared with existing top-down construction method in terms of economic feasibility, construction period and work efficiency. The proposed construction method results in increased work efficiency in the transportation of earth and sand, and steel frame erection, better quality management in PHD construction, and reduced construction period.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2008

This paper represents the final results of a research program sponsored by the European Commission through project WIND-CHIME ($\underline{W}$ide Range Non-$\underline{IN}$trusive $\underline{D}$evices toward $\underline{C}$onservation of $\underline{HI}$storical Monuments in the $\underline{ME}$diterranean Area), in which the possibility of using advanced seismic protection technologies to preserve historical monuments in the Mediterranean area is investigated. In the current research, the dynamic characteristics of two outstanding Mamluk-Style minarets, which similar minarets were reported to experience extensive damage during Dahshur 1992 earthquake, are investigated. The first minaret is the Qusun minaret (1337 A.D, 736 Hijri Date (H.D)) located in El-Suyuti cemetery on the southern side of the Salah El-Din citadel. The minaret is currently separated from the surrounding building and is directly resting on the ground (no vaults underneath). The total height of the minaret is 40.28 meters with a base rectangular shaft of about 5.42 ${\times}$ 5.20 m. The second minaret is the southern minaret of Al-Sultaniya (1340 A.D, 739 H.D). It is located about 30.0 meters from Qusun minaret, and it is now standing alone but it seems that it used to be attached to a huge unidentified structure. The style of the minaret and its size attribute it to the first half of the fourteenth century. The minaret total height is 36.69 meters and has a 4.48 ${\times}$ 4.48 m rectangular base. Field investigations were conducted to obtain: (a) geometrical description of the minarets, (b) material properties of the minarets' stones, and (c) soil conditions at the minarets' location. Ambient vibration tests were performed to determine the modal parameters of the minarets such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A $1/16^{th}$ scale model of Qusun minaret was constructed at Cairo University Concrete Research Laboratory and tested under free vibration with and without SMA wire dampers. The contribution of SMA wire dampers to the structural damping coefficient was evaluated under different vertical loads and vibration amplitudes. Experimental results were used along with the field investigation data to develop a realistic 3-D finite element model that can be used for seismic risk evaluation of the minarets. Examining the updated finite element models under different seismic excitations indicated the vulnerability of such structures to earthquakes with medium to high a/v ratio. The use of SMA wire dampers was found feasible for reducing the seismic risk for this type of structures.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.125-133
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• 2010

Although work-efficiency of construction machinery is a critical factor for estimating its workable-quantity perunit time, the efficiency figure table presented in the Poom-Sam that is used for Construction Cost Estimation of public sectors in Korea is very subjective for practical usage. In order to suggest objective work-efficiency table for a Pump-Dredger, domestic and overseas documentary records were investigated and on-going construction sites were also visited. Moreover, actual work quantities collected from the site visits were compared with the ones calculated based on the Standard Measurement Methods used in Japan. The research found that the table can be revised by means of detailing down by several factors, namely project type, depth of soil, undersea-site shape, and condition on the sea for better estimation of its workable-quantity. The research will be the foundation for applying the rapid development of Construction Equipment and technology to the appropriate cost estimations and the ground work of related studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.917-923
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• 2002

KITECH and ODS performed a study of internal and external noise prediction of the KHST test train. The object of this study was 3 kind of cars; trailer car(TT2), motorized car(TM1) and power car(TP1) and the predicted noise was calculated for the two different driving speeds in free field and tunnel conditions. Data of carbody design and noise sources were delivered from each manufactures. Some of noise sources which were not available in project team, were chosen by experiences of ODS. Internal noise level of each car were predicted for two cases i.e, at 300 km/h and 350 km/h. In addition sound transmission path and dominant noise sources were also investigated of each section of car, which is circular shell typed part of whole carbody. In case of TT2, the dominating sound transmission path is floor in terms or structure-borne noise and air-borne noise. The main noise sources are structure-borne noise from the yaw-damper and air-borne noise from the wheel/rail contact, whereas the dominating sound transmission path of TM1 are floor and sidewall below the window in terms of structure-borne noise. The main noise sources of TM1 are structure-borne noise from motor/gear unit and the yaw-damper in the free field, and air-borne noise from the wheel/rail contact and structure-borne noise from motor/gear unit in the tunnel. Through the external noise prediction for the KHST test train formation, the noise form the wheel/rail contact is estimated as one of the major sources. In addition, the noise specification of sub-component was proposed for managing each sub-surpplier to reach the KHST noise requirement. The specification provide the sound power of machinery part and transmission loss of component of carbody structure. The predicted noise level in each case exceeded the required limit. Through this study, the noise characteristics of the test train were investigated by simulation, and then the actual test will be performed in near future. Both measured and calculated data will be compared and further work for noise reduction will be continued.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.148-154
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• 2001

The uplift capacity of a pile for improving the wind resistance of the 1-2 W type plastic film pipe on greenhouses was tested using the plane and corrugated piles with various shapes and diameters. First, the resistant uplift capacity was measured by using the uplift loading on plane piles. As the uplift loading on plane piles increased, the resistant uplift capacity also increased until the loading was reached to ultimate uplift capacity. After ultimate uplift capacity was appeared the uplift displacement, the uplift capacity was decreased gradually. Secondly, the resistant uplift capacity was measured by using the uplift loading on corrugated piles. After the uplift capacity was reached the uplift displacement, the uplift capacity was continually increased or decreased. In general, the ultimate uplift capacity was independent of pile shapes, pile diameter length, and embedded pipe depth. However, the ultimate uplift capacity of a corrugated pile was twice more than that of a plane pile without regard to its diameter and embedded depth. The ultimate uplift capacity per unit pile area was increasing in deeper embedded depth. However, the longer a pile diameter was, the less ultimate uplift capacity. The uplift capacity of a plane pile, used in conjunction with the design wind velocity (26.9m.s$^{-1}$ ) of the project area, was unsatisfiable without regard to diameters and embedded depths of piles, while most of corrugated piles were well appeared uplift capacity under various experimental conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.817-820
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• 2008

The river environments of many streams in korea have been deteriorate through the rapid industrialization and urbanization since the 1960s. In korea, on the other hand, much efforts on the research and project have been made for the restoration of the deteriorated streams to close-to-nature. in order to restore the deteriorated streams, therefore, it is necessary to investigate such advanced technologies and materials. In view of this requirement, various research paths are being taken focusing on coarse aggregates to make multi-functional porous concrete having continuous voids so as to improve water and air permeability, acoustic absorption, water purification and applicability to vegetation. The Purpose of this study is to investigate the method for recovery of the environment in the streams area using porous concrete retaining wall block. the multi-P.O.C block applies for test in the Jangduri-cheon have been monitored planting, stability etc. after 6 months, plant grows flourishing and reconstructed in state such as nature rivers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.397-406
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• 2000

대부분의 국방정보시스템의 소프트웨어는 높은 가용성, 신뢰성, 신속성, 정확성 등을 요구하는 대규모이면서 복잡한 실시간 시스템이다. 이러한 국방정보시스템의 소프트웨어 개발사업에 있어서 저비용 고효율의 미개국방경영 건설을 위하고 강한 전투력을 육성하기 위해서는 국방정보시스템의 효율적인 소프트웨어 개발사법이 요구된다. 따라서, 국방정보시스템의 소프트웨어 사업관리자가 개발사업을 관리하고 감독하는데 있어서 개발자와 사용자간의 조정 및 통제 기능을 수행하고 해당 국방정보시스템의 특성을 파악하여 성공적인 사업수행을 할 수 있도록 기술적인 사업관리 측면에서 구체적이고 상세화된 방안/지침을 제공하기 위한 전문가시스템의 지식베이스 도메인 지식개발에 관한 연구이다. 기존의 국방정보시스템의 사업관리자가 경험을 동해 축적해 온 기술, 정책, 아이디어, 노하우 등에 대한 지식을 습득하고 사업 관련자료에서 제시한 소프트웨어 생명주기 단계별 방안이나 지침 등을 바탕으로 하여 식별된 사실이나 내용을 지식베이스로 구축하여 국방정보시스템의 사업관리자가 필요로 할 때 설명모듈을 거쳐 임무 및 세부활동사항을 게시하여 줌으로써 사업관리 경험이 부족하거나 사업관리자가 교체되었을 때 사업관리자들이 업무를 지속적으로 연계시켜 임무수행이 가능하도록 기초/기반 여건을 제공하고자 한다. 본 논문은 국방정보시스템의 소프트웨어 개발사업에서 소프트웨어 생명주기 단계별 사업관리자의 임무 및 세부활동사항 지원용 전문가시스템을 개발할 때 이용할 수 있도록 도메인 지식을 개발하는 것이며 논문의 결과를 활용시 기대되는 효과는 본문을 참고 바란다.의 장점을 취합하여 설계되었다. 본 시스템은 기존의 UN/EDIFACT표준을 사용하고 있는 EDI환경과 기존 VAN 방식의 EDI 중계 시스템과 연동되며, 향후 관세청의 XML/EDI 표준 시행을 미리 대비하는 선도연구로서 자리매김이 된다. 본 연구에서는 개발된 XML/EDI 통관시스템은 향후, 서비스의 최대 걸림돌이 되어왔던 값비싼 EDI 사용료의 부담에서 벗어날 수 있게 할 것이며, 저렴한 EDI구축/운영 비용으로 전자문서교환의 활성화와 XML이 인터넷 기반의 문서유통 표준으로 자리매김할 수 있는 중요한 계기가 될 것이다.재무/비재무적 지표를 고려한 인공신경망기법의 예측적중률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 로지스틱회귀 분석의 재무적 지표모형은 훈련, 시험용이 84.45%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형은 84.45%, 85.08%로서 거의 동일한 예측적중률을 가졌으나 인공신경망기법 분석에서는 재무적 지표모형이 92.23%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형에서는 91.12%, 88.06%로서 향상된 예측적중률을 나타내었다.ting LMS according to increasing the step-size parameter $\mu$ in the experimentally computed. learning curve. Also we find that convergence speed of proposed algorithm is increased by (B+1) time proportional to B which B is

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Laser Processing Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.0-0
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• 1998

-Part I- As market needs become more various, the production of smaller quantities of a wider variety of products becomes increasingly important. In addition, in order to meet demands for more efficient production, long-term unmanned factory operation is prevailing at a remarkable pace. Within this context, laser machines are gaining increasing popularity for use in applications such as cutting and welding metallic and ceramic materials. FANUC supplies four models of $CO_2$ laser oscillators with laser power ranging from 1.5㎾ to 6㎾ on an OEM basis to machine tool builders. However, FANUC has been requested to produce laser oscillators that allow more compact and lower-cost laser machines to be built. To meet such demands, FANUC has developed six models of Slab type YAG laser oscillators with output power ranging from 150W to 2㎾. These oscillators are designed mainly fur cutting and welding sheet metals. The oscillator has an exceptionally superior laser beam quality compared to conventional YAG laser oscillators, thus providing significantly improved machining capability. In addition, the laser beam of the oscillator can be efficiently transmitted through quartz optical fibers, enabling laser machines to be simplified and made more compact. This paper introduces the features of FANUC’s developed Slab type YAG laser oscillators and their applications. - Part II - All-solid-state lasers employing laser diodes (LD) as a source of pumping solid-state laser feature high efficiency, compactness, and high reliability. Thus, they are expected to provide a new generation of processing tools in various fields, especially in automobile and aircraft industries where great hopes are being placed on laser welding technology for steel plates and aluminum materials for which a significant growth in demand is expected. Also, in power plants, it is hoped that reliability and safety will be improved by using the laser welding technology. As in the above, the advent of high-power all-solid-state lasers may not only bring a great technological innovation to existing industry, but also create new industry. This is the background for this project, which has set its sights on the development of high-power, all-solid-state lasers with an average output of over 10㎾, an oscillation efficiency of over 20%, and a laser head volume of below 0.05㎥. FANUC Ltd. is responsible for the research and development of slab type lasers, and TOSHIBA Corp. far rod type lasers. By pumping slab type Nd: YAG crystal and by using quasi-continuous wave (QCW) type LD stacks, FANUC has already obtained an average output power of 1.7㎾, an optical conversion efficiency of 42%, and an electro-optical conversion efficiency of 16%. These conversion efficiencies are the best results the world has ever seen in the field of high-power all-solid-state lasers. TOSHIBA Corp. has also obtained an output power of 1.2㎾, an optical conversion efficiency of 30％, and an electro-optical conversion efficiency of 12%, by pumping the rod type Nd: YAG crystal by continuous wave (CW) type LD stacks. The laser power achieved by TOSHIBA Corp. is also a new world record in the field of rod type all-solid-state lasers. This report provides details of the above results and some information on future development plans.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.168-177
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• 2019

KRISO (Korea Research Institute of Ship & Ocean Engineering) started a project to develop the core algorithms for autonomous intervention using an underwater robot in 2017. This paper introduces the development of the robot platform for the core algorithms, which is an ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) type with one 7-function manipulator. Before the detailed design of the robot platform, the 7E-MINI arm of the ECA Group was selected as the manipulator. It is an electrical type, with a weight of 51 kg in air (30 kg in water) and a full reach of 1.4 m. To design a platform with a small size and light weight to fit in a water tank, the medium-size manipulator was placed on the center of platform, and the structural analysis of the body frame was conducted by ABAQUS. The robot had an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), a DVL (Doppler Velocity Log), and a depth sensor for measuring the underwater position and attitude. To control the robot motion, eight thrusters were installed, four for vertical and the rest for horizontal motion. The operation system was composed of an on-board control station and operation S/W. The former included devices such as a 300 VDC power supplier, Fiber-Optic (F/O) to Ethernet communication converter, and main control PC. The latter was developed using an ROS (Robot Operation System) based on Linux. The basic performance of the manufactured robot platform was verified through a water tank test, where the robot was manually operated using a joystick, and the robot motion and attitude variation that resulted from the manipulator movement were closely observed.