• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2002

Fatty polyamide that gives softness, lubrication and bulky property and alkyl imidazoline that gives durable softness and antistatic property were synthesized. then, an O/W-type durable softener (DSN) was prepared by the emulsion of the synthesized fatty polyamide and alkyl imidazoline. Emulsion stability of the DSN was good, and the mixed HLB value was 11.2. From the measurement of softness, lubrication, antistatic property, bending resistance, and color fastness, it was proved that the prepared DSN was a good durable softener for nylon.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2002

In this study, it should be mentioned that Lipid-LCG can be prepared with the main compound of hydrogenated lecithin in oil-in water emulsion. The results of its physical property and stability are as follows. First, the best suitable compositions of Lipid-LCG are made from 4.0wt% of the hydrogenated lecithin, 4.0wt% of cetostearyl alcohol as emulsifier and gelling agent, 3.0wt% of butylene glycol and 2.0wt% glycerin as moisturizers, 3.0wt% of cyclomethicone, 3.0wt% of isononyl-isononanoate, 3.0wt% of capric/caprylic triglycerides, 3.0wt% of macadamia oil as emollients. Second, As the optimum conditions to form Lipid-LCG, which figured out 6.0 ${\pm}$ 1.0 for pH level, 32kg/mm, min for hardness to make a .essence to be formed the ternary phase of liquid crystal(multi-lamellar type). Third, as the analytical result of this system, it obtained that particle size is $1{\sim}8{\mu}m$ level, and is certified with it at 400 and 1,000 magnifications by microscope. The stability of Lipid-LCG is very stable on condition of a low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$), a room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) and a high temperature ($40^{\circ}C$), which is not to be split in for a long time(for 3-month). We produced our own moisturizing essence, which has a good affinity to skin by means of this system.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.175-191
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• 2016

In this work, oil-in-water emulsions (O/W) were prepared successfully by membrane emulsification with $0.5{\mu}m$ pore size membrane. Sunflower oil was emulsified in aqueous Tween80 solution with a simple crossflow apparatus equipped with ceramic tube membrane. In order to increase the shear-stress near the membrane wall, a helical-shaped reducer was installed within the lumen side of the tube membrane. This method allows the reduction of continuous phase flow and the increase of dispersed phase flux, for cost effective production. Results were compared with the conventional cross-flow membrane emulsification method. Monodisperse O/W emulsions were obtained using tubular membrane with droplet size in the range $3.3-4.6{\mu}m$ corresponded to the membrane pore diameter of $0.5{\mu}m$. The final aim of this study is to obtain O/W emulsions by simple membrane emulsification method without reducer and compare the results obtained by membrane equipped with helix shaped reducer. To indicate the results statistical methods, $3^p$ type full factorial experimental designs were evaluated, using software called STATISTICA. For prediction of the flux, droplet size and PDI a mathematical model was set up which can describe well the dependent variables in the studied range, namely the run of the flux and the mean droplet diameter and the effects of operating parameters. The results suggested that polynomial model is adequate for representation of selected responses.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1990

(2,3-Dibromopropyl) phenyl lauroyl phosphate[DPPL] was synthesized by adding lauric acid to (2,3-dibromopropyl)chloro phenyl phosphate [DPP]. which prepared from phenyl phosphoric acid dichloride with 2,3-dibromo propyl alcohol. Flame retardants of DPPF and DPPLF were prepared respectively. DPPF was a water soluble flame retardant, and DPPLF was o/w type emulsion flame retardant. After flame retardant treating two kinds of flame retardants to the various synthetic fabrics respectively. the flame retardancy and tear strength were measured. As the results of the measurement. DPPF had only name retardancy, but DPPLF had both of flame retardancy and softness.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.617-629
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• 2003

A recent development in cosmetics has been the pursuit of wrinkling in the skin. The cosmetics composed of anti-wrinkle agent stand out from the point of view of environmental contamination and pollution. Among them, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), studied with wrinkling pigmentation and swelling conditions in the area of the eye, showed clinically significant reduction in depth of lines during one month trial using skin treatment. But, IAA has shown some problems when used in cosmetic formulations, such as stability, permeability and toxicity. The results of the clinical examination were shown that its permeability and toxicity didn't matter. To increase the stability of IAA, antioxidants such as Licorice, ubiquinone, tocopherol, Baicalin, ferulic acid, BHT, ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulfite, and so on were employed in cosmetic formulations. Our main purpose is the study for the stability efficiency and effect of each other of cream formulations containing optimal dosage antioxidants (o/w type emulsion), This study evaluated wrinkle reduction effect of IAA, which is used in cosmetics.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.551-559
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• 1997

유화형 액막을 이용하여 $D_2EHPA-Kerosene-Span$ $80-H_2SO_4$계에서 Zn 성분의 추출시 액막의 안정성에 영향을 미치는 에멀젼의 파괴, swelling 현상 및 에멀젼의 morphology를 조사하였다. Zn 성분의 추출시 액막의 안정성에 대한 최적 조건은 계면활성제 Span 80의 농도 2~3 vol.%, 추출담제 $D_2EHPA$의 농도 5~7 vol.%, 막강화제 paraffin oil의 농도 10 vol.% 였으며, 외부수용액에 대한 에멀젼의 비 0.1, 유기상에 대한 내부수용액의 비는 1.0이 적절하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2010

This study concerned about "Gemini type co-surfactant" which has very interesting properties with new components. They were synthesized by reaction of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and dicarboxylic acid. The structure could be comfirmed with FT-IR and $^1H$-NMR. Surface active properties such as surface tension, evaluated cmc, cloud point, emulsing power were measured respectively at given conditions. Their surface tensions in the aqueous solution were decreased to 33~35 dyne/cm, which was lower than 39 dyne/cm of SDS, and their cmc values evaluated by surface tension method were $5.0{\times}10^{-1}\sim7.5{\times}10^{-1}$ mol/L. And the emulsifying power was excellent in jojoba oil. All of the synthesized Gemini surfactants possessed good water solubility and their cloud point were $48\sim58^{\circ}C$. As results, Gemini surfactants which were synthesized are expected to be applied as O/W emulsifiers.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2003

This study described about method that form liquid crystal gel (LCG) by main ingredient with hydrogenated lechin (HL) in OW emulsion system. Result of stability test is as following with most suitable LCG's composition. Composition of LCG is as following. To form liquid crystal, an emulsifier used $4.0\;wt\%$ of cetostearyl alcohol (CA) by $4.0\;wt\%$ of HL as a booster, Moisturizers contained $2\;wt\%$ of glycerin and $3.0\;wt\%$ of 1.3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG). Suitable emollients used $3.0\;wt\%$ of cyclomethicone, $3.0\;wt\%$ of isononyl isononanoate (ININ), $3.0\;wt\%$ of cerpric/carprylic triglycerides (CCTG), $3.0\;wt\%$ of macademia nut oil (MNO) in liquid crystal gel formation. On optimum conditions of LCG formation, the pHs were formed all well under acidity or alkalinity conditions. Considering safety of skin, PH was the most suitable $\pm61.0$ ranges. The stable hardness of LCG formation appeared best in $32\;dyne/cm^2.$ Particle of LCG is forming size of $1{\~}20\;{\mu}m$ um range, and confirmed that the most excellent LCG is formed in $1{\~}6\;{\mu}m$ range. According to result that observe shape of LCG with optical or polarization microscope, LCG could was formed, and confirmed that is forming multi-layer lamellar type structure around the LCG. Moisturizing effect measured clinical test about 20 volunteers. As a result, moisturizing effect of LCG compares to placebo cream was increased $30.6\%$. This could predicted that polyol group is appeared the actual state because is adsorbed much to round liquid crystal droplets to multi-lamellar layer's hydrophilic group. It could predicted that polyol group is vast quantity present phase that appear mixed because is adsorbed to round liquid crystal to multi-lamellar layer's hydrophilic group. This LCG formation theory may contribute greatly in cosmetics and pharmacy industry development.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2006

자연산(silver 및 yellow) 뱀장어의 인위적인 성성숙 과정중에 체중 및 혈중 성호르몬 농도를 조사하기 위해 연어 뇌하수체 추출물(SPE; 20 mg pituitary powder/fish)를 Freund's incomplete adjuvant로 water-in oil (W/O) 형태로 유화시켜 매주 복강에 주사하였다. Eel's Ringer액만으로 유화시켜 주사한 대조구(silver 및 yellow) 뱀장어의 경우, 체중은 서서히 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 혈중 성호르몬(testosterone; T, $estradiol-17{\beta};\;E_2$ 및 $17{\alpha},20{\beta}-dihydroxyprogesterone$; DHP)의 농도도 실험기간 동안 거의 변화없이 서서히 감소하는 경향을 나타냈었지만 유의적인 변화는 없었다. 한편, 매주 SPE로 주사한 silver 뱀장어는 투여 6주후부터 급격한 체중변화가 일어났으며, 대부분 개체의 난모세포는 핵이동기로 구성되어져 있었다. 또한 혈중 T와 $E_2$ 농도의 두드러진 증가는 투여 6주후부터 관찰되어 졌다. 매주 SPE로 주사한 yellow 뱀장어의 경우, 대부분 개체는 투여 5주까지 체중 변화가 완만하게 나타났으며 그 이후 급속히 증가하였다. 이들 개체의 대부분은 실험종료시에도 제3 난황구기의 난모세포들로 구성되어져 있었다. 특히 실험 기간중 혈중 T와 $E_2$ 농도는 개체별로 다양하게 나타났으며, 유의한 차이는 제각기 투여 8주째와 투여 6주 후 부터 두드러지게 증가하였다. 그러나 매주 SPE로 주사한 자연산 뱀장어(silver 및 yellow)의 혈중 DHP 농도는 실험 기간동안 불검출 혹은 매우 낮은 농도로 유지하였으며, 유의적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과, sliver 뱀장어에 있어서 SPE를 W/O 형태로 유화시켜 반복 투여함으로써 체중 및 혈중 성호르몬(T와 $E_2$)의 급격한 증가 및 최종성숙을 유도하는데 효과적이었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1993

The Surfactants composed of acylated aterocollagen which is produced by the acylation of the side chain amino radicals of aterocollagen with an aliphatic acid having 12 to 18 carbon atoms will be discussed in this study. This condensation is done at moderate reaction temperature (<$25^{\circ}C$) in aqueous alkaline solution. The products of this reaction were identified by UV/VIS spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. For these compounds, surface active properties and physical properties including isoelectric point, Krafft point, surface tension, critical micelle concentration(cmc), foaming power, viscosity behaviour, water holding capacity, skin irritation and emulsifying power were measured respectively. The experimental results received that the products have a good emulsifying power, excellent water holding capacity while having low skin irritation. Thus, these derivatives will be expected to be used as an emulsifying agent for O/W type cosmetic emulsion.