• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.245-248
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• 2002

Vortex lock-on or resonance in the flow behind a circular cylinder is visualized by a time-resolved PIV when a single frequency oscillation is superimposed on the mean incident velocity. Measurements are made of the $K{\'{a}}rm{\'{a}}n$ vortices in the wake-transition regime at the Reynolds number 360. Basically, natural shedding state is observed to compare with lock-on state. Wake motion by the change of the shedding frequency of lock-on state is investigated. When lock-on occurs, the vortex shedding frequency is found to be half the oscillation frequency as expected from previous experiments. The physical flow phenomena of natural shedding and lock-on states are analyzed with physical parameters of recirculation and vortex formation region. Consequently, it is found that the change of wake bubble plays an important role in the flow at the lock-on state. Vortex formation region is also actively changed like recirculation region as the lock-on occurs. Therefore, it is deduced that the recirculation region is closely related with the vortex formation region.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1645-1654
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• 2003

When vortex shedding is locked-on to a single frequency oscillatory flow, the variations of vortex dynamics are investigated using a time-resolved PIV system. Wake regions of recirculation and vortex formation, dynamic behavior of the shed vortices and the Reynolds stress fields are measured in the wake-transition regime at the Reynolds number 360. In the lock-on state, reduction of the wake region occurs and flow energy distributed downstream moves upstream being concentrated near the cylinder base. To observe the dynamic behavior of the shed vortices, the trajectory of the vortex center extended to the inside of the wake bubble is considered, which describes well the formation and evolution processes. The Reynolds stresses and their contributions to overall force balance on the wake bubble manifest the increase of the drag force by the lock-on.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.59-62
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• 2003

The near wake behind a sinusoidal cylinder at Re=5200 has been investigated using DPIV system. The velocity fields, streamlines and vorticity contours of the mean flow were compared at the nodal, saddle and middle planes with those of a right circular cylinder. For the sinusoidal cylinder, the vortex core moves downstream and the vortex formation region is expanded in streamwise direction while suppressed in transverse direction at the nodal plane. At the saddle and the middle plane the vortex spread in both streamwise and transverse directions, forming the maximum vortex region at the saddle plane.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2015

Three-dimensional vortex structures in the corner region of translating normal plates are visualized experimentally with defocusing digital particle image velocimetry. Vortex formation processes for three plates with corner angle $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, and $120^{\circ}$ are compared in order to study the effect of corner shape on vortex formation. In all cases, the self-induction of the starting vortex and its interaction with the potential flow induced by the moving plate cause the vortex to change its form dynamically after the plate starts to translate. While the vortex near a corner follows the plate in the low corner angle of $60^{\circ}$, the vortex separates early from the plate and its forward motion becomes slow in the high corner angle of $120^{\circ}$. It is also found that the starting vortex can transport inward at the corner, which depends on the corner angle.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2003

The near wake behind a sinusoidal cylinder has been investigated quantitatively using hot-wire anemometer and qualitative. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity were measured in streamwise and spanwise direction. The results show that the wake in the saddle plane has a longer vortex formation region and rapid reversed flow than that in nodal plane. The elongated vortex formation region of sinusoidal cylinder is related with drag reduction. In addition, the flow visualized with particle tracing method support the flow characteristics of sinusoidal cylinder measured by hot-wire.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.247-252
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• 2001

The flow around free end of a finite circular cylinder(FC) embedded in an atmospheric boundary layer has been investigated experimentally. The experiments were carried out in a closed-return type subsonic wind tunnel with varying aspect ratio of the finite cylinder mounted vertically on a flat plate. The wake structures behind a 2-D cylinder and a finite cylinder located in a uniform flow were also measured for comparison. Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter was about Re=20,000. A hot-wire anemometer was employed to measure the wake velocity and the mean pressure distributions on the cylinder surface were also measured. The flow past the FC free end shows a complicated three-dimensional wake structure and flow phenomenon is quite different from that of 2-D cylinder. The three-dimensional flow structure was attributed to the downwashing counter rotating vortices separated from the FC free end. As the FC aspect ratio decreases, the vortex shedding frequency is decreased and the vortex formation length is increased compared to that of 2-D cylinder. Due to the descending counter-rotating twin-vortex, in the region near the FC free end, regular vortex shedding from the cylinder is suppressed and the vortex formation region is hardly established. In the wake center region, the mean velocity for the FC located in atmospheric boundary layer has large velocity deficit, compared to that of uniform flow.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2003

An experimental study is performed to investigate characteristics of near of wakes of circular cylinders with serrated fins using a hot-wire anemometer for various freestream velocities. The main focus of this paper is to investigate a reason why a vortex formation length is increased suddenly. Velocity of the fluid which flow through fins decreases as fin's height and freestream velocity increases and fin pitch decreases, and a thickness of boundary layer increases. The finned tube has a lower velocity gradient when the higher boundary layer grows. This velocity gradient on finned tube makes a weak shear force in the wake and moves to downstream in a state of lower momentum transfer between the freestream and the wake. The phenomenon makes a vortex formation length increased suddenly. The fluctuations of the velocity distributions on the finned tube and (equation omitted) = 1.0 contour line in the vortex formation region decreases when the fin height increases and the pitch decreases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.10 s.241
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• pp.1101-1110
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• 2005

In this paper we present the numerical results of the behavior of the horizontal vortex generated by ejecting a liquid vertically upward from an orifice into the bulk fluid above the orifice. The numerical calculation has been performed for the axi-symmetric Navier-Stokes equation. A simple flow-visualization experiment was also conducted to qualitatively verify the numerical solutions. Three cases of the flow configurations studied in this paper are; firstly, the vortex was generated without any background rotation, secondly, the vortex was made under a full background rotation, and thirdly, the vortex was made during the spin-up process such that only the region adjacent to the side wall was set into motion viewed in the inertial frame of reference. It was shown that the swirl flow at the inlet boundary affects considerably the formation and development of the vortex for the second case. In the third case, it was remarkable to see that the vortex cannot penetrate into the region near to the side wall of the tank, because of the strong swirl flow and corresponding high pressure gradient in the region.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.27-30
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• 2002

An experimental study is performed to investigate the characteristics of near wake behind a circular cylinder with serrated fins using the constant temperature anemometer and through flow visualization. Previous report(Boo at al., 2001) shows that there are three different modes in vortex shedding behavior. This paper is focused on the identification of the physical reasons why the difference is occured in vortex shedding. The through flow velocity crossing fins decreases as increasing fin height and decreasing fin pitch mainly due to the flow resistence. Vortex shedding is affected strongly by velocity distribution around fin tube, especially by the velocity gradient. The velocity distribution at X/d=0.0 has lower gradient with increasing freestream velocity and fin height and decreasing fin pitch. Those differences in velocity gradients generate different vortex shedding mechanism.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.210-211
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• 2004

The effect of oscillating on the unsteady laminar flow past a circular cylinder is numerically investigated in the present study. Our study is to analyze the vortex formation behind a circular cylinder for different rotary oscillation conditions. And then we are study to portray the unsteady dynamics of wake flows. We decide lock-on region by observing the phase switching phenomena We classify the vortex formation patterns in the primary lock-on region The present study is to identify the quasi-periodic state around lock-on region. At the boundary between lock-on and non-lock-on the shedding frequency is bifurcated. After the bifurcation, one frequency follow the forcing frequency ($S_f$) and the other returns to the natural shedding frequency ($St_0$). In the quasi-periodic state, the variation of magnitudes and relevant phase changes of $C_L$ with forcing phase are examined.