• 기본간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and self care practice for nausea/vomiting in patients with cancer during chemotherapy. Method: The participants were 100 patients with cancer over 20 years of age who visited the outpatient department or were hospitalized for chemotherapy Self care in the case of nausea and vomiting was measured by the Dodd's scale. Data were analyzed using the SAS program and the following statistics were used frequency, percentage, unpaired t test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The ratio of the occurrence of nausea/ vomiting in the participants was 70.0%. The incidence of nausea/ vomiting was significantly higher for women than for men. The incidence of nausea/ vomiting was also higher for patients with cancer not in the gastro-intestinal system (GIS) compared to that for patients with GIS cancer. The incidence of nausea/ vomiting positively correlated with anorexia, skin injury, and fatigue. Conclusion: The ratio of occurrence of nausea/ vomiting for the participants was 70.0%. The incidence of nausea/ vomiting was higher fur women and patients with cancer not in the GIS. The incidence of nausea/ vomiting positively correlated with anorexia, skin injury, and fatigue. The results indicate that nausea/vomiting is a frequent symptom, particularly in women and there is a need to provide interventions to decrease the effects of this symptom.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5995-6000
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• 2013

Background: Nausea and vomiting after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are common in clinical practice, but few studies have reported the incidence and risk factors of such events. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence and risk factors of nausea and vomiting after TACE for HCC. Methods: This study was a single-center retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database. Between May 2010 and October 2012, 150 patients with HCC were analyzed for incidence and preprocedural risk factors. Results: The incidence of postembolization nausea and vomiting was 38.8% and 20.9%, respectively, in patients with HCC. Patients who developed nausea had lower levels (<100 IU/L) of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared to those without nausea ($123.04{\pm}69.38$ vs. $167.41{\pm}138.95$, respectively, p=0.044). Female gender correlated to a higher incidence of nausea as well (p=0.024). Patients who developed vomiting, compared to those who did not, also had lower levels (<100 IU/L) of serum ALP ($112.52{\pm}62.63$ vs. $160.10{\pm}127.80$, respectively, p=0.010), and serum alanine transferase (ALT) ($35.61{\pm}22.87$ vs. $4.97{\pm}29.62$, respectively, p=0.045). There were no statistical significances in the incidences of nausea and vomiting between male patients over 50 years old and female patients who have entered menopause (p=0.051 and p=0.409, respectively). Multivariate analysis by logistic regression analysis demonstrated that female gender and ALP>100 IU/L were the most independent predictive factors of postembolization nausea (odds ratio (OR): 3.271, 95% CI: 1.176-9.103, p=0.023 and OR: 0.447, 95% CI: 0.216-0.927, p=0.030, respectively). ALP>100 IU/L was also the most independent predictive risk factor of postembolization vomiting (OR: 0.389, 95% CI: 0.159-0.952, p=0.039). Conclusions: Postembolizaiton nausea and vomiting are common in patients with HCC. Recognition of the risk factors presented above before TACE is important for early detection and proper management of postembolization nausea and vomiting. Nevertheless, future studies are required.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.234-240
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• 2003

This study aims to investigate dynamic properties of express buses in the very low frequencies which affect motion sickness incidence. Since passengers often use express buses for long distance traveling, it is a critical point whether a give rise to motion sickness or not. In the study accelerations at the three points on the floor of the six test vehicles were measured during the driving at constant speeds. By applying frequency weighting curves suggested in ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-3, physical amount of accelerations were changed into perceptual amount which determines incidence of motion sickness. Motion sickness dose values were calculated from the frequency weighted time history of accelerations, and compared between the vehicles, driving conditions, and the seat positions in the bus. During the driving on public road and high ways for 50 minutes vomiting incidence ratios ranged 0.4 to 0.8%, which were equivalent to 2.4 to 4.8% for 5 hours' driving. The value of 4.8 % means two among 45 passengers may vomit after the traveling, which is very serious situation. Considering the very smooth driving condition at which the data were collected, motion sickness dose values will increase in real situations

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.548-554
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• 2003

This study alms to investigate the dynamic properties of express buses in the very low frequencies which cause motion sickness Incidence. Since passengers often use express buses for long distance traveling. it is a critical point whether the ride give rise to motion sickness or not. In the study accelerations at the three Points on the floor of the six test vehicles were measured during the driving at constant speeds. By applying the frequency weighting corves suggested in ISO 26.31-1, the Physical quantity of accelerations were changed into the perceptual amount used to judge quantitatively the incidence of motion sickness. Motion sickness dose values were calculated from the frequency weighted time history of acceleration signals, and compared between the vehicles, driving conditions. and the seat positions in the bus. During the 50 minutes' driving on the public road and high ways. the vomiting incidence ratios were seen to range from 0.4 to 0.8 ％. which is equivalent to 2.4 to 4.8 ％ for 5 hours' driving. Unlike the very smooth road conditions considered in this work, motion sickness dose values encountered in real situations are expected to increase.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1178-1186
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of emetic complications associated with the intravenous administration of low-osmolality iodinated contrast media (ICM) in children undergoing computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: All children who underwent contrast-enhanced CT between April 2017 and July 2019 were included. Pediatric patients were instructed on the preparative dietary protocol at our institution. Experienced nurses in the radiology department monitored the children during the CT scans and recorded any emetic complications in their electronic medical records. These data were used to calculate the incidence of emetic complications. Various patient factors and technical factors, including fasting duration, the type and volume of ICM, and ongoing chemotherapy, were evaluated to identify risk factors for emetic complications using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Among the 864 children (mean age, 8.4 ± 5.7 years) evaluated, 18 (2.1%) experienced emetic complications (6 experienced nausea only and 12 experienced nausea and vomiting). None of the children developed aspiration pneumonia. The mean fasting duration of patients with emesis was 7.9 ± 5.7 hours (range, 3-21 hours), whereas that of patients without nausea was 8.7 ± 5.7 hours (range, 0-24 hours). Fasting duration was not associated with the development of nausea and vomiting (p = 0.634). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that ongoing chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR] = 4.323; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.430-13.064; p = 0.009), iomeprol use (OR = 7.219; 95% CI = 1.442-36.146; p = 0.016), and iohexol use (OR = 5.241; 95% CI = 1.350-20.346; p = 0.017) were independent risk factors for emetic complications. Conclusion: Only a small proportion (2.1%) of children experienced nausea or vomiting after exposure to low-osmolality ICM. Many children underwent excessive fasting; however, fasting duration was not associated with nausea and vomiting. Moreover, ongoing chemotherapy and the use of iomeprol or iohexol were identified as potential risk factors for emetic complications in children.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1333-1339
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• 2000

Objective : The goal of this study is to identify the significant radiologic abnormalities in patients complaining headache and to determine predictive factors for clinically significant radiological abnormalities. Method : The study population was 410 patients having underwent CT or MRI study among 1000 patients complaining headache in outpatient basis between 1996-1999. All of these patients answered self-administered questionaire about their headaches. We reviewed the patient's charts and the questionaires and examined the radiologic study results. Result : Of the 410 patients referred for CT or MRI study, male : female ratio was 1 : 1.97. Twenty-five patients(6.1%) revealed clinically significant organic lesions. Mean age was 46.1 in radiologic abnormal group and 48.4 in normal group. Short symptom duration(p<0.01), motor weakness(p<0.05), vomiting(p<0.05), cranial nerve palsy(p<0.05), and trauma history(p<0.05) were factors indicated higher incidence of radiologic abnormality. But, patients age, and severity of headache were not associated with clinically significant radiologic lesion. The ratio of radiologic abnormality was 0.8% in patients not having any risk factor. Conclusion : The results indicate that radiologic study should be done in headache patients having the risk factors such as short symptom duration, motor weakness, vomiting, cranial nerve palsy, trauma history. For patients without any such a risk factor, the radiologic study doesn't seem mandatory.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2013

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify and compare various types of post operative pain management and the costs for pain management following 4 different types of surgery. Methods: Data were collected from 325 medical charts which were extracted from the billing databases of a tertiary hospital and analyzed using numbers, percentages, one way ANOVA, and Scheff$\acute{e}$ test. Results: For pain management, 10.5% of patients used PCA only, but the other patients combined other methods with PCA. The average length of PCA use was significantly different by operation. Almost one third (32.9%) of patients experienced at least one of side effects due to analgesics used for pain management, with highest incidence being for nausea and vomiting. For patients who underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, 34.7% used PCA less than 2 days due to side effects of the analgesics and the ratio of analgesia cost to total hospital cost and total pharmacy cost were highest compared to other operations. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a need to develop new strategies to more effectively manage postoperative pain to decrease incidences of side effects without increasing medical costs.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 1991

Clinical observations were made on 349 cases of acute drug intoxication who were visited to emergency room of Yeungnam University Hospital during recent 7 years from January 1984 to December 1990. The following results were obtained 1) Total number of cases of acute drug intoxication was 349 which was 0.39% of the total patients of the emergency room during the same period. 2) The ratio of male to female was 1.1 : 1. The age incidence was highest in the third decade(26.7%). The monthly incidence was hightest in May. Higher frequency was observed in summer season. 3) The most common drug of the intoxication was pesticides and herbicides(71.9%), the remainders were miscellaneous drugs(11.2%), sedatives(7.7%), rodenticides(6.3%) and unknown drug(3.2%) in orders. 4) The most common cause of drug intoxication was suicide(69.1%) and the others were accident, unknown cause, intention in orders. 5) Main clinical manifestations were the impairment of consciousness, nausea, vomiting and convulsion. Physical examination revealed increased pulses, increased blood pressure, miosis of the pupil and sweating. Above symptoms and signs were more prominent in pesticide intoxication. Leukocytosis, glycosuria and abnormal LFT were common findings in acute intoxications. 6) The complications were developed in 18.3% among 349 cases and the most common complication was respiratory failure, pneumonia, cardiovascular collapse and pulmonary edema in orders. 7) Overall mortality rate was 8.3% of total cases and mortality rate was highest in herbicide intoxication(22.2%).

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2023

Background: A high incidence (40-73%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been reported following orthognathic surgery, and various risk factors have been associated with it. Identifying PONV risk factors based on initial onset time will help establish preventive measures. This study aimed to identify factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Methods: This study included 590 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors that are significantly related to PONV. The objective variables were classified into three categories: no PONV, early PONV (initial onset time: 0-2 h after anesthesia), and late PONV (initial onset time: 2-24 h after anesthesia). The explanatory variables included relevant risk factors for PONV, as considered in previous studies. Results: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol was a significant depressant factor for early PONV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.340, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.209-0.555) and late PONV (aOR = 0.535, 95% CI = 0.352-0.814). The administration of a combination of intraoperative antiemetics (vs. no administration) significantly reduced the risk of early PONV (aOR = 0.464, 95% CI = 0.230-0.961). Female sex and young age were significant risk factors for late PONV (aOR = 1.492, 95% CI = 1.170-1.925 and unit aOR = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.010-1.057, respectively). Conclusion: We identified factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol significantly reduced the risk of PONV not only in the early period (0-2 h after anesthesia) but also in the late period (2-24 h after anesthesia).

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2009

목 적: 저자들은 입원 중인 환아들을 대상으로 노로바이러스 장염의 임상 특징을 로타바이러스 장염과 비교하여 조사하였다. 방 법: 2005년부터 2006년까지 한 소아과에 입원 중인, 위장관염 증세를 보여 대변 검사를 시행했던 3,261 검체의 원인체를 검출하였다. 노로바이러스 양성인 266개와 로타바이러스 양성인 303개의 검체 중, 비교적 순수하게 장염 증세만 보였던 노로바이러스 감염 73명과 로타바이러스 감염 182명의 검체를 선별하여 환아들의 임상 기록을 후향적으로 분석했다. 결 과: 노로바이러스 양성군의 남녀비는 1.43:1, 로타바이러스 양성군은 1.56:1로 두 군 모두 남아에서 검출률이 높았다. 평균(중간)연령은 각각 36.7 (22)개월과 24.4 (19)개월로 노로바이러스 양성군의 호발 연령이 더 많았다. 계절적으로 노로바이러스 양성군이 겨울에 국한되어 발생했다. 노로바이러스 양성군의 임상 증상은 구토, 설사, 발열 순이었고, 평균 구토기간은 2.1일, 설사기간은 1.2일, 발열기간은 1.2일, 하루 최대 구토 횟수는 3.5회, 설사 횟수는 4.5회로 전체적인 Severity score는 10.16점이었으며, 로타바이러스 양성군은 설사, 구토, 발열 순이었고, 평균 설사기간은 4.3일, 구토기간은 2.2일, 발열기간은 2.2일, 하루 최대 설사 횟수는 6.5회, 하루 최대 구토 횟수는 3.3회로 전체적인 Severity score는 11.9으로 나타나 노로바이러스 양성군이 증상의 중증도가 다소 낮았다. 노로바이러스 양성군은 어릴수록 증상의 중증도가 심하게 나타났으나, 로타바이러스 양성군은 연령에 따른 중증도의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 단독감염과 혼합감염의 중증도는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈액 검사 상 두 군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론: 소아 노로바이러스 장염의 역학, 임상 증상 뿐만아니라 예방에 대한 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.