• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2005

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.422-428
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• 2012

The present study purposed to examine the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage on the recovery of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction. The subjects of this study were 45 healthy students. They were divided into transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group(n=15), self-stretching group(n=15) and functional massage group(n=15), and using Primus RS. We observed the pattern of changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) after causing muscle fatigue in quadriceps femoris muscle through sustained isotonic contraction. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) were greatly increased after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage. In the comparison of recovery rate of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction among the treatment groups, it did not show any significant differences. However, it showed that each treatment may be effective in recovery of muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Purpose: This study examined the effects of pre-eccentric exercise to the quadriceps for the prevention of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and recovery of muscular function, depending on the training intensities. Methods: Subjects were divided into one of three groups that control group, a low intensity eccentric exercise group (LIEE group) and a high intensity eccentric exercise group (HIEE group). Subjects who underwent pre-eccentric exercise undertook exercise at an intensity of 25% and 75% of maximal voluntary contractions, respectively. After undertaking pre-eccentric exercise for eight weeks, eccentric exercise was applied again to induce DOMS. Measurements were conducted to examine pain and muscular function changes before, immediately after, after the induction of DOMS, and at the first, third, fifth and seventh days after the induction of DOMS. Results: Subjects who underwent pre-eccentric exercise showed a significant difference from the control group for the changes in the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain threshold, pressure pain threshold and muscle thickness by isometric contraction from measuring DOMS, and in particular, pain threshold by isometric contraction had remarkable effect in the LIEE group of subjects. For the change of the root mean square values using mechanomyography (MMG) as the measurement of muscular function recovery, subjects who had undertaken pre-eccentric exercise group showed a significant difference as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Pre-eccentric exercise was very effective in preventing and recovering delayed onset muscle soreness and was helpful to prevent and recover from decreased muscular function. The difference based on the intensity of exercise was not great, but it was more effective in the low intensity eccentric exercise group of subjects. Therefore, it can be considered that pre-eccentric exercise has a high application value as a physical therapy intervention for prevention and rehabilitation of sports injuries.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

To develop effective training methods for strengthening a weakened quadriceps femoris muscle in hemiplegic patients, we examined the effects of maximal isometric contraction of the nonparalyzed knee joint on the electromyographic activities of the paralytic muscle. An electromyogram (EMG) was used to record the electromyographic activities of the paralytic quadriceps femoris muscle in 27 hemiplegic patients. The maximal isometric contraction was measured for each subject to normalize the electromyographic activities. The maximal isometric extension and flexion exercises were randomly conducted when the knee joint angles of the nonparalyzed knees were $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. The patients were encouraged to maintain maximal isometric contractions in both knee joints during each measurement, and three measurements were taken. A one-minute rest interval was given between each measurement to minimize the effects of muscle fatigue. An average from the three values was taken as being the root mean square of the EMG and was recorded as being the maximal isometric contraction. The electromyographic activity obtained for each measurement was expressed as a percentage of the reference voluntary contraction, which was determined using the values obtained during the maximal isometric contraction. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $0^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic medial aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). Second, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $90^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic lateral aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). The results show that myoelectrical activities of paralytic quardriceps were not related to measurement angles and exercise directions of the nonparalized knee joint. Studies on various indirect intervention to improve muscular strength of patients with nervous system disorders of the weakened muscle should be constantly conducted.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate electromyographic activities of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) by the shape of the ultrasound head. Twelve healthy subjects participated and performed ultrasound therapy with a round head and a long handled head during each 5-minute application. Electromyographic activities of the FDS and FCU were recorded by surface electrodes and normalized by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) values. There was no difference in the muscular fatigue of FDS and FCU as determined by the shape of the ultrasound head (p>.05). Without the shape of head, the mean power frequency decreased with the time. There also was no difference in %MVIC of the FDS and FCU as determined by the shape of the ultrasound head (p>.05), but the force exerted exceeded 20%MVIC. There was however a significant difference in the amount of cumulative workload of the FDS and FCU as determined by the shape of ultrasound head (p<.05). The workload was however not affected by the shape of the ultrasound head. Constant static grasp of ultrasound transducer head during ultrasound therapy is considered a high risk factor of work-related musculoskeletal disease.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to analyze the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern on muscular strength and flexibility in an aquatic environment. Methods: Ten members of the experimental group and 10 members of the control group were randomly selected from 20 college students who are in their 20s. Bilateral symmetry pattern among proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity patterns was applied in an aquatic environment in the experimental group three times per week for a period of six weeks, and a set consisted of 10 times, which was repeated 10 times. On the other hand, subjects in the control group did not receive any treatment while maintaining daily life. Muscular strength was measured using a dynamometer and electromyogram system for maximum voluntary isometric contraction of hip flexor, hip extensor, knee flexor, and knee extensor. Cervical flexibility was measured using cervical range of motion instrument for cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion. Lumbar flexibility was measured using back range of motion instrument II for lumbar flexion. Results: For the experimental group, significance was observed for hip flexor, extensor, knee flexor, extensor, cervical flexion, rotation, lateral flexion, and lumbar flexion. For the control group, no significance was observed for any other variables except for cervical flexion. As a result of observation of difference between the two groups, relatively high significance was observed in the experimental group, compared with the control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern had a positive effect on muscular strength and flexibility in an aquatic environment.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine spiral way movement of a trunk exerts on the movement ability. The details established to achieve for this article. This examination confirmed the weight, weight/height2 index, ratio of lumbar to pelvic, musculoskeletal quantity, push up for 2 minute, pitch a ball and voluntary isometric contraction with flexion and extension of knee joint of the subjects with spiral direct movement. Healthy eighteen subjects who understand fully the significance of procedure, consented to a plan, without neuromuscular disease were participated in two groups of experiment. The group were a spiral movement(9), rectilinear movement(9). Trunk movement tested 2 sessions of a spiral movement and rectilinear movement with a push up for 2 minute, 5days per a week, for the 4 weeks. This experiment tested 3 times with a sufficient rest for fatigue limitation. An analysis of the results used a paired samples t-test for difference from before and after experiment. The following results were obtained; At an internal change of the body, the musculoskeletal quantity was increased significantly to spiral movement group, but the weight was increased significantly, the musculoskeletal quantity was not significant to rectilinear movement. The movement ability evaluation for a external change was increased significantly in a push up for 2 minute, pitch a ball, isometric contraction with extension of knee joint of a spiral movement group, but a push up for 2 minute was increased significantly in a push up for 2 minute on the abdominal muscle training of a rectilinear movement group. As compared with a rectilinear movement, a spiral movement was more effect by cooperation with nerve and musculoskeletal system and an increase in movement ability was caused by learning acknowledgment, muscular reeducation. These results lead us to the conclusion that a spiral movement of trunk was more effect than a rectilinear movement, the coordination of nerve and musculoskeletal system was of importance of Multi-direction movement. Therefore, A further studies concerning the therapeutic exercise intervention and active-dynamic analysis could enhance the development of the most effect on the trunk.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

Purpose : This study examines the effects of pre-eccentric exercise and stretch ing to bicepsbrachii to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness and recovery of muscular function depending on the training intensity with 28 normal adults in their twenties. Methods : The subjects were divided into a control group, a group without any previous eccentric exercise, and a stretching group. Pre-eccentric exercise group conducted exercise with the intensity of 25% of maximal voluntary contraction. Pre-eccentric exercise and stretching was applied before to induce delayed onset muscle soreness and after, 24 hour post, 48 hour post, and 72 hour post. Measurements were conducted to examine pain and muscular function changes before, immediately after, and after inducing delayed onset muscle soreness. After inducing delayed onset muscle soreness, measurements were taken at the 24th hour, 48th hour, and 72nd hour. Results : The pre-eccentric exercise group and stretching group showed a significant difference from the control group by isometric contract ion power and mechanical pain threshold as a result of measuring delayed onset muscle soreness. Conclusion : From these results, electrical stimulation using presynaptic inhibition mechanism of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) had positive effects for walking ability on inhibition of muscle tone in lower extremity. The motor level stimulation group experienced a more significant effect than the sensory level stimulation group. Therefore, the transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) is considered to be effective on walking ability increasing through inhibition of muscle tone in lower extremity for rehabilitation of post stroke hemiplegic patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.583-591
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• 1997

연구배경 : 만성폐질환 환자들의 운동 능력 감소의 한 기전으로 제시되고 있는 골격근의 기능 저하는 질환의 병태생리에 기인하는 만성적인 저산소증으로 야기되는 산소성 인산화과정의 장애로 인한 근육 대사과정의 변화가 주요 원인으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 저산소증은 없으나 운동시 호흡곤란을 호소하며 운동능력의 감소를 나타내는 만성폐질환 환자들에서도 이러한 근육 대사 과정의 변화가 나타나는지에 대해서는 연구된 바 없다. 이에 저자들은 $^{31}P$ MRS를 이용하여 이들에서 전박 골격근의 대사 변화를 비슷한 연령의 정상인의 대사와 비교 관찰하므로써, 이들에서도 운동 능력 감소의 한기전으로서 역시 골격근의 대사 변화가 관여할 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 6 명의 만성폐쇄성폐질환 남자 환자 및 1명의 폐유육종증 남자 환자와 5명의 비슷한 연령의 건강한 성인 남자들의 전박근을 대상으로 $^{31}P$ MRS 검사를 실시하였다. 환자군의 평균 연령은 $56.7{\pm}12.1$세였으며 대조군의 평균 연령은 $51.6{\pm}13.6$세였다. 각 대상인의 전박 골격근을 대상으로 $^{31}P$ MRS검사를 안정시, 운동시 및 20분간의 회복시에 걸쳐 시행하였으며, 검사 중 계산된 세포내 산소성인산화 능력을 반영하는 Pi/PCr(inorganic phosphate/phosphocreatine)의 비와 세포내 pH(pHi)의 변화를 양군간에 비교하였다. 결 과 : 안정시 골격근 세포내 pHi는 양군간에 차이가 없었으나, 운동시작 2분후 pHi는 환자군이 $6.82{\pm}0.1$, 대조군이 $6.97{\pm}0.05$로 환자군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 그러나 극심한 피로상태에서 pHi는 환자군이 $6.70{\pm}0.10$, 대조군이 $6.78{\pm}0.09$로 환자군이 낮은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 근육세포 내 산소성인산화 능력이 지표인 Pi/PCr은 안정시, 운동중 및 극심한 피로상태에서 모두 양군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 회복시 초기 4분간에 걸쳐 관찰한 Pi/PCr의 회복 및 pHi가 안정시 50%수준으로 회복되는데는 시간은 양군간에 차이가 없었으며, 운동지속 시간도 유의한 차이는 없었다.