• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2008

For a R134a rotary vane compressor used for car air conditioners, characteristics of gas compression and oil supply have been studied. The compressor model under investigation has the low volume ratio of suction to discharge volumes so that there occur flow reversal from discharge port to compression chamber as the leading vane passes over the discharge port. As a result, the volumetric and adiabatic efficiencies turn out to be relatively low compared to other types of displacement compressors. Oil supply mechanism has been comprehended for mathematical modeling and oil flow rate has been calculated for the individual oil passages. This study on the gas compression and oil supply of a rotary vane compressor can be applied to a future design practice on a similar type of compressor.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 1996

Cracks have influence on the physical and mechanical and, more importantly, on the engineering properties of the rock. Physical properties including the volumetric deformation coefficient, electrical resistivity, seismic wave velocity, and the mechanical properties such as the elastic constants and strength of rock are affected significantly by the presence of cracks of various sizes. An experimental program was undertaken to investigate the effect of a finite line crack on the diffraction of the plane compressional wave. Horizontal and vertical components of displacement and acceleration curve were obtained using a single-source and multi-receivers system. A theoretical model from numerical analysis implementing the finite element method was compared with the measured data.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2006

A water hydraulic pump is likely to have serious problems of high leakage, friction and low energy efficiency. A water hydraulic pump has commonly a fixed displacement type and its outlet flow is adjusted by controlling rotation speed of the pump, which can be implemented by using an electric inverter. This study aims to investigate energy efficiency of the water hydraulic pump system which is driven by an electric inverter. The study is based on the experimental results. The pump which is used in the study shows relatively good efficiency and low leakage, low friction as well. The reasons for the good performance of pump is also investigated.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.489-499
• /
• 2018

A flume experiments was used to study the characteristics of the surface displacements and volumetric water contents (VWC) during torrential rain. The surface displacement and VWC of the granite weathered soil were measured for rainfall intensity (100, 200 mm/hr) and initial ground condition (VWC 7, 14, 26%). The test processes were also recorded by video cameras. According to the test results, The shallow failure is classified into three types: retrogressive failure, progressive failure and defined failure. In the case of retrogressive failure and progressive failure, relatively large damage could occur due to the feature that soil is deposited to the bottom of the slope. the shallow failure occurred when the VWC reached a certain value regardless of the initial soil condition. It was found that the shallow failure can be predicted through the increase patton of the VWC under the condition of the ground dry condition (VWC 7%) and the natural condition (VWC 14%). For high rainfall intensity, progressive failure predominated, and rainfall intensity above a certain level did not affect wetting front transition.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 2016

Three small scale hollow circular reinforced concrete columns(4.5 aspect ratio) were tested under cyclic lateral load with constant axial load. Diameter of section is 400 mm, hollow diameter is 200 mm. The selected test variable are transverse steel ratio. Volumetric ratio of spirals of all the columns is 0.302~0.604% in the plastic hinge region. It corresponds to 45.9~91.8% of the minimum requirement of confining steel by Korean Bridge Design Specifications, which represent existing columns not designed by the current seismic design specifications or designed by seismic concept. The final objectives of this study are to provide quantitative reference data and tendency for performance or damage assessment based on the performance levels such as cracking, yielding, steel fracture, etc. In this paper, describes mainly failure behavior, strength degradation behaviour, displacement ductility of circular reinforced concrete bridge columns with respect to test variables.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution patterns of displacement and acceleration fields in a nonlinear soil ground based on the interaction of high-speed train, wheel, rail, and ground. For this purpose, a high-speed train in motion was modeled as the actual wheel, and the vertical contact of wheel and rail and the lateral contact, caused by meandering motion, were simulated; this simulation was based on the moving mass analysis. The soil ground part was given the nonlinear behavior of the upper ground part by using the modified the Drucker-Prager model, and the changes in displacement and acceleration were compared with the behavior of the elastic and inelastic grounds. Using this analysis, the displacement and acceleration ranges close to the actual ground behavior were addressed. Additionally, the von-Mises stress and equivalent plastic strain at the ground were examined. Further, the equivalent plastic and total volumetric strains at each failure surface were examined. The variation in stresses, such as vertical stress, transverse pressure, and longitudinal restraint pressure of wheel-rail contact, with the time history was investigated using moving mass. In the case of nonlinear ground model, the displacement difference obtained based on the train travel is not large when compared to that of the elastic ground model, while the acceleration is caused to generate a large decrease.

• Architectural research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2005

Main objective of this research is to evaluate performance of high-strength concrete (HSC) columns for ductility and strength. Eight one-third scale columns with compressive strength of 69 MPa were subjected to a constant axial load corresponding to 30 % of the column axial load capacity and a cyclic horizontal load-inducing reversed bending moment. The variables studied in this research are the volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement (${\rho}_s=1.58$, 2.25 %), tie configuration (Type H, Type C and Type D) and tie yield strength ($f_{yh}=549$ and 779 MPa). Test results show that the flexural strength of every column exceeds the calculated flexural capacity based on the equivalent concrete stress block used in the current design code. Columns with 42 % higher amounts of transverse reinforcement than that required by seismic provisions of ACI 318-02 showed ductile behaviour, showing a displacement ductility factor (${\mu}_{{\Delta}u}$) of 3.69 to 4.85, and a curvature ductility factor (${\mu}_{{\varphi}u}$) of over 10.0. With an axial load of 30 % of the axial load capacity, it is recommended that the yield strength of transverse reinforcement be held equal to or below 549 MPa.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.527-546
• /
• 2014

Portland cement concrete, which has higher strength and stiffness than asphalt concrete, has been widely applied on pavements. However, the brittle fracture characteristic of cement concrete restricts its application in highway pavement construction. Since the polypropylene fiber can improve the fracture toughness of cement concrete, Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (PFRC) is attracting more and more attention in civil engineering. In order to study the effect of polypropylene fiber on the generation and evolution process of the local deformation band in concrete, a series of three-point bending tests were performed using the new technology of the digital speckle correlation method for FRC notched beams with different volumetric contents of polypropylene fiber. The modified Double-K model was utilized for the first time to calculate the stress intensity factors of instability and crack initiation of fiber-reinforced concrete beams. The results indicate that the polypropylene fiber can enhance the fracture toughness. Based on the modified Double-K fracture theory, the maximum fracture energy of concrete with 3.2% fiber (in volume) is 47 times higher than the plain concrete. No effort of fiber content on the strength of the concrete was found. Meanwhile to balance the strength and resistant fracture toughness, concrete with 1.6% fiber is recommended to be applied in pavement construction.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 2017

The high-speed bypass effect on the heat exchanger performance has been investigated numerically. The plate-fin type heat exchanger was modeled using two-dimensional porous approximation for the fin region. Governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy equations for compressible turbulent flow were solved using ideal-gas assumption for the air flow. Various bypass-channel height were considered for Mach numbers ranging 0.25-0.65. Due to the existence of the fin in the bypass channel, the main flow tends to turn into the core region of the channel, which results in the distorted velocity profile downstream of the fin region. The boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness, and the momentum thickness showed the variation of mass flow through the fin region. The mass flow variation along the fin region was also shown for various bypass heights and Mach numbers. The volumetric entropy generation was used to assess the loss mechanism inside the bypass duct and the fin region. Finally, the correlations of the friction factor and the Colburn j-factor are summarized.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.237-255
• /
• 2013

In this paper, a meshfree-enriched finite element method (ME-FEM) is introduced for the large deformation analysis of nonlinear path-dependent problems involving contact. In linear ME-FEM, the element formulation is established by introducing a meshfree convex approximation into the linear triangular element in 2D and linear tetrahedron element in 3D along with an enriched meshfree node. In nonlinear formulation, the area-weighted smoothing scheme for deformation gradient is then developed in conjunction with the meshfree-enriched element interpolation functions to yield a discrete divergence-free property at the integration points, which is essential to enhance the stress calculation in the stage of plastic deformation. A modified variational formulation using the smoothed deformation gradient is developed for path-dependent material analysis. In the industrial metal forming problems, the mortar contact algorithm is implemented in the explicit formulation. Since the meshfree-enriched element shape functions are constructed using the meshfree convex approximation, they pose the desired Kronecker-delta property at the element edge thus requires no special treatments in the enforcement of essential boundary condition as well as the contact conditions. As a result, this approach can be easily incorporated into a conventional displacement-based finite element code. Two elasto-plastic problems are studied and the numerical results indicated that ME-FEM is capable of delivering a volumetric locking-free and pressure oscillation-free solutions for the large deformation problems in metal forming analysis.