• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2015

In this paper, a series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the resistibility of carbonation and freeze-thawing damage of the high-volume blast furnace slag concrete using expancel, the expandable microsphere, and ERCO, emulsified refine cooking oil. The concrete mixture of 0.45 water-to-binder ratio with 60% of blast furnace slag was evaluated for carbonation, freeze-thawing resistibility, SEM, and porosity. According to the previous research, replacing ERCO contributes on improving carbonation resistibility with capillary pore filling effect by soap foaming reaction of ERCO while significantly decreased freeze-thawing resistibility. To improve this decreased freeze-thawing resistibility, expancel was used, and thus freeze-thawing resistibility was improved as the replacement ratio of expancel was increased. It is considered that the selective volume shrunken effect of expancel due to the external pressure and decreased air void spacing factor due to expancel.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This study will not only prove experimental dynamic properties which are classified to slump, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexure strength and toughness granite soil concrete with a fine aggregate of granite soil and blast-furnace cement and polypropylene fiber over 45 mm, but also establish a basic data in order to use environment-friendly pavement through prove useful pavement mixed with granite and polypropylene (PP) fiber which is a kind of material to prevent a dry shrinkage clack, a partial destruction and useful and light. The value of slump test was gradually increased by PP fiber volume 3 $kgf/m^3$, but compressive strength took a sudden turn for the worse from 5 $kgf/m^3$. The compressive strength indicated a range of 13.72~18.35 MPa. On the contrary to compressive strength, the tensile strength showed to decrease with rising PP fiber volume, and the tensile strength indicated a range of 1.43~1.64 MPa. The tensile strength was stronger about 2~15 % in case of mixing with PP fiber volume than normal concrete. The flexural strength indicated a range of 2.76~3.41 MPa. The flexural strength was stronger about 20 % in case of PP fiber volume 0 $kg/m^3$ than PP fiber volume 9 $kg/m^3$. The toughness indicated a range of 0~25.46 $N{\cdot}mm$ and increased proportionally with PP fiber volume. The toughness was stronger about 8.3 times in case of PP fiber volume 9 $kg/m^3$ than PP fiber volume 1 $kg/m^3$. The pavement with PP fiber volume over such a fixed quantity in the park roads and walkways can have a effect to prevent not only resistance against clack but also rip off failures.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.378-386
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• 2011

To examine the effect of obesity on volume perception according to size and color of rice bowl, we divided female college students into a normal weight group (<30% fat mass, n=100) and obese group (${\geq}30%$ fat mass, n=83) and then measured perceived volume of rice bowls of various sizes (general size; 350 ml vs. small size; 188 ml) and color (yellow, white, blue, and black) containing the same amount of cooked white rice (210 g). Normal weight group perceived that the general rice bowl contained significantly more cooked white rice compared to the small rice bowl. In contrast, the obese group perceived that the general rice bowl contained significantly less cooked white rice than the small rice bowl. The estimated variance in perceived volume of both bowls was significantly bigger in the obese group compared to the normal group. There were no differences in perceived volume among any of the subjects (both normal and obese groups) according to rice bowl color. However, the estimated variance in perceived volume in the obese group was significantly larger than that in the normal group for all of the rice bowls. In conclusion, rice bowl size and color might affect volume perception, and volume perception in obese people may be different from that of normal weight people.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 1986

The present study was performed to investigate a possible influence of the adrenergic nervous system on pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by intraduodenal acid perfusion. Pancreatic secretion was collected in rats anesthetized with urethane after 24 hours fasting. The duodenal lumen was perfused (0.2 ml/min) with HCI solution in a concentration of 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 or 0.1 N When the volume of panceratic juice secreted for IS min became constant phentolamine (1 mg/kg), $noradrenaline\;(10\;{\mu}g/kg),\;Propranolol\;(1\;mg/kg),\;and \;isoproterenol\;(1\;{\mu}g/kg)$ were administered through the jugular vein in bolus. The secretory volume and protein output were measured in the pancreatic juice collected for 15 min. 1) HCI, perfused intraduodenally in graded concentrations from 0.005 N to 0.1 N, increased the pancreatic secretory volume and protein output dose-dependently. 2) In the basal state as well as in the stimulated state by the duodenal acid perfusion, phentolamine increased the pancreatic secretory volume and protein output while propranolol inhibited the volume and protein output. 3) In the basal state, noradrenaline did not change the pancreatic secretory volume but increased the protein output while isoproterenol increased both of the secretory volume and the protein output. These results strongly suggest that ${\alpha}-adrenoceptors$ in the rat pancreas exert an inhibitory influence on the pancreatic exocrine secretion including volume and protein output in the basal state as well as in the stimulated state by the intraduodenal acid perfusion while ${\beta}-adrenoceptors$ play a stimulatory role in the pancreatic exocrine secretion. However, in the physiological situation, adrenergic excitation may stimulate the protein output through ${\beta}-adrenoceptors$ without change in the secretory volume in the rat pancreas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.429-437
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• 1999

A mathematical model was established for estimating changes in pressure and volume of permeable kimchi packages. The model comprises the CO2 gas production from kimchi and permeation of O2, CO2 and N2 through the permeable film or sheet. Using the developed model, the effects of various packaging variables on the pressure and volume changes were analyzed for rigid and flexible packag es of kimchi(3% salt content) at 15oC, and then effect of storage temperature was also looked into. In case of rigid pack of 400g, using the plastic sheet of high CO2 permeability and initial vacuumizing can help to relieve the problem of pressure build up. The lower fill weight can further reduce the pressure, but will result in higher packaging cost. For the flexible package of 3 kg, highly permeable films such as low density polyethylene(LDPE) and polypropylene can reduce the volume expansion. Higher ratio of CO2 permeability to O2 and N2 permeabilities are effective in reducing the volume expansion. Increased surface area cannot contribute to reduction of volume expansion for highly permeable flexible packages of kimchi. For the impermeable packages, pressure and volume at over ripening stage (acidity 1.0%) increase with decreased temperature, while those at optimum ripening stage(acidity 0.6%) change little with temperature. Pressure of permeable rigid LDPE package increases with tem perature at any ripening stage, and temperature affects the volume of flexible LDPE package very slightly. Experimental verification of the present results and package design with economical consid eration are needed as a next step for practical application.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2279-2284
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• 2007

This study is intended to analyze the effect of thin ink-film thickness around rotating printing roll on the printing quality in the gravure printing process which is used for making electronics circuit like a RFID tag with a conductive ink. The present work numerically estimates the film thickness around rotating roller partially immersed in ink, for which the volume of fluid (VOF) method was adopted to figure out the film formation process around rotating roller. Parameter studies were performed to compare the effect of ink viscosity, surface tension, roller rotating speed, immersed angle on the film thickness. The result indicates that the film thickness has a strong dependency on the fluid viscosity, while the surface tension has negligible effect.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.3 s.81
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• pp.415-423
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• 2004

To improve the brittle column behavior during seismic excitation, benefits of using steel fiber reinforced concrete in columns were investigated. For experimental study, eight specimens were used to evaluate the shear enhancement effect. The variables in this study were amount of shear reinforcement ratio (i.e., 0.26, 0.21 $\%$) and steel fiber volume fraction (i.e., 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0$\%$). The test results indicated that the maximum enhancement of shear capacity was shown in $1.5\%$ steel fiber content. In addition, to predict the maximum shear strength, equations of ACI 318-99, AIJ MB, NZS 3101, Hirosawa and Priestley were reviewed. From the parametric and regression study, modified Priestely equation was proposed by adding steel fiber effect.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.221-245
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• 2013

This paper presents an analytical solution to the thermomechanical bending analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates by using a new hyperbolic shear deformation theory in which the stretching effect is included. The modulus of elasticity of plates is assumed to vary according to a power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The core layer is still homogeneous and made of an isotropic ceramic material. The effects of functionally graded material (FGM) layer thickness, volume fraction index, layer thickness ratio, thickness ratio and aspect ratio on the deflections and stresses of functionally graded sandwich plates are investigated.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.132-143
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• 2000

This present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Chonhwasan and Okchunsan in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats. Body weight, serum levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol triglyceride and urine levels of volume, glucose, protein were measured in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats orally receiving extracts of Chonhwasan and Okchunsan plus Radix Trichosandis for 4 days. According to the result, Chonhwasan and Okchunsan have the effect of decreased body weight delate and decreased blood sugar, serum lipid metabolism and urine volume, glucose, protein in streptozotocine induced hyperglycemic rats, and they were expected to be applied to the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.189-197
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• 1990

In order to study on the effect of Volume of Gastric Juice Free acid, Total acid, and Anti-Ulceration, Jo gi pyeong yoe san Extract were administered to the Pylorus-Ligated Rats induced Shay's Ulcer. The results were as follows. 1. The effect upon Volume of Gastric Juice, Free Acid, and Total Acid of experimenting group with medicine, in contrast with Control Group and Pyeong yoe san Group, there was decreasing that it reveled Significant Value. 2. In the effect upon Shay's Ulcerlation, Jo gi pyeong yoe san Extract were decrease to the Ulcer Index that it reveled Significant Value. 3. Control Group and Pyeong yoe san Group were similar. According to the above results, Jo gi pyeong yoe san is assumed to have Anti-Ulcerlation.