• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.562-569
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• 2016

Recently, Low Impact Development (LID) is being used in Korea to control urban runoff and nonpoint source pollution. In this study, we evaluated the reduction of surface runoff from a study area, as the effect of connecting three bioretention as LID-BMP. Surface runoff and storage volume of bioretention is estimated by the Curve Number (CN) method. In this study, the storage volume of bioretention is divided by the volume of surface runoff and precipitation which directly enters the bioretention. The ratio of captured surface runoff volume to storage volume is highly influenced by the ratio of drainage area to surface area of bioretention. The high bioretention surface area-to-drainage area ratio captures more surface runoff. The ratio of 1.2 captures 51~54% of the total surface runoff, ranging from 5-30cm of bioretention depth; a ratio of 6.2 captures 81~85%. Three connected bioretentions could therefore captures much more runoff volume, ranging from $35.8{\sim}167.3m^3$, as compared to three disconnected bioretentions at their maximum amount of precipitation with non-effluent from the connecting three bioretentions. Hence, connecting LID-BMPs could improve the removal efficiencies of surface runoff volume and nonpoint source pollution.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare volume measurements obtained using 2 image software packages on Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images acquired from 1 multidetector computed tomography and 5 cone-beam computed tomography devices, using different protocols for physical volume measurements. Materials and Methods: Four pieces of bovine leg were prepared. Marrow was removed from 3 pieces, leaving cortical bone exposed. The resulting space of 1 piece was filled with water, another was filled with propylene glycol, and the third was left unfilled. The marrow in the fourth sample was left fully intact. Volume measurements were obtained after importing DICOM images into the Dolphin Imaging 11.95 and ITK-SNAP software programs. Data were analyzed using 3-way analysis of variance with a generalized linear model to determine the effects of voxel size, software, and content on percentage mean volume differences between tomographic protocols. A significance level of 0.05 was used. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients for intraobserver and interobserver reliability were, respectively, 0.915 and 0.764 for the Dolphin software and 0.894 and 0.766 for the ITK-SNAP software. Three sources of statistically significant variation were identified: the interaction between software and content (P=0.001), the main effect of content (P=0.014), and the main effect of software (P=0.001). Voxel size was not associated with statistically significant differences in volume measurements. Conclusion: Both content and software influenced the accuracy of volume measurements, especially when the content had gray values similar to those of the adjacent tissues.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.150-157
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• 1997

Capsaicin cream has been used to attenuate the pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, rheum-atoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and postherpetic neuralgia. But its common side effect, local irritation, limits the use of it and there is still a need for a new analgesic devoid of this side effect. This study was conducted to compare the local irritant effect of DA-5018, a new capsaicin derivative, with that of capsaicin in various animal models and human beings. Capsaicin, applied topically to the mouse ear, produced dose-dependent increase of ear volume and the frequency of ear scratching behavior in mice. Neither ear volume nor scratching behavior was affected by DA-5018. In eye wiping test of rat, DA-5018 was 10 times less irritant than capsaicin. Capsaicin administered intradermally into the rat paw elicited paw lick/lift response with a potency which was three times that of DA-5018. Zostrix-HP (0.075% capsaicin cream), but not DA-50180.3% cream, increased ear volume of rat and induced thermal hyperalgesia in normal and carrageenan inflamed paws. Six day-treatment of Zostrix-HP failed to develop tolerance against this thermal hyperalgesia. In human beings, Zostrix-HP produced burning sensation and itching in more than 90% of volunteers involved and its maximum irritant effect was significantly higher than that of DA-5018 cream. These results suggest that local irritation and burning sensation produced by DA-5018 is much less than capsaicin.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2017

This study was reviewed the noise reduction effects with installation of 'point to point speed camera' for controlling the speed of the car. The multiple regression analysis was performed to know how the relationship between the noise level and these parameters, such as measured traffic volume and rate of heavy vehicle and weighted average speed was changed with and without the 'point to point speed camera'. In the analysis results shows that the less traffic volume, the more noise reduction effect has been increased and the more traffic volume, the more noise reduction effect has been reduced. And noise reduction effects by the 'point to point speed camera' was different from each measured point. The cause of the difference was determined that inadequate 'point to point speed camera' position to see the effect of noise reduction. It is determined to require a more study to improve the noise reduction effects of the 'point to point speed camera' such as the camera position adjustment.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.146-147
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• 2014

In this study, as the resistance of the carbonation for high volume admixture incorporating concrete, coating effect of using refined cooking oil in the surface of high volume admixture incorporating concrete has been tested. The following results could be made as the conclusion. For the fresh concrete, the slump and air content has been identified as satisfying the target range. For the hardened concrete, comparing with specimen of Plain, specimen with coating showed better long age compressive strength. For the carbonation speed, the specimen of FA30 showed highest speed and the specimen of BS60 showed higher speed than specimen of Plain. For all the specimens coated with RCO, as the decrease of capillary pores inside the concrete, the carbonation speed has been obviously decreased and with even better effect than using PEP coating. It could be identified that specimens with coating by RCO showed good effect on refrain the speed of carbonation.

• 생약학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.179-187
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• 1984

To investigate the recorded efficacy in Oriental medical references and effects in clinics, experimental studies were undertaken to estimate 'Palmiwhan' to the diuretic effect in normal rats, rabbits and rats with $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure and hypotensive effects on the nephrogenous hypertension in rabbits with $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure. The results of this study were summarized as follows; Increase in urinary volume, urinary $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ excretions were significantly recognized in normal rats and rabbits. Increase in urinary volume, urinary $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ excretions were significantly shown in rats with 2mg/kg $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure. Although plasma electrolyte and creatinine levels were little affected, plasma urea nitrogen levels were significantly elevated in normal rats and 2mg/kg $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure of rats. Although the blood pressure was not affected in normal rabbits and cats, hypotensive actions due to the diuretic effect were recognized in rabbits $HgCl_2-induced$ acute renal failure.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2019

Experimental isotherm compressive tests show that concrete behaviour is dependent on temperature. The aim of such tests is to reproduce how concrete will behave under environmental changes within a moderate range of temperature. In this paper, a novel constitutive elastic damage behaviour law is proposed based on a free energy with an apparent damage depending on temperature. The proposed constitutive behaviour leads to classical theory of thermo-elasticity at small strains. Fixed elastic mechanical characteristics and fixed evolution law of damage independent of temperature and the material volume element size are considered. This approach is applied to compressive tests. The model predicts compressive strength and secant modulus of elasticity decrease as temperature increases. A power scaling law is assumed for specific entropy as function of the specimen size which leads to a volume size effect on the stress-strain compressive behaviour. The proposed model reproduces theoretical and experimental results from literature for tempertaures ranging between $20^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$. The effect of the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the mortar and coarse aggregates is also considered which gives a better agreement with FIB recommendations. It is shown that this effect is of a second order in the considered moderate range of temperature.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2021

영화 흥행에 영향을 미치는 온라인 구전의 양과 방향성에 관한 선행연구들의 거의 대부분은 Yahoo Movies, IMDB.com, 네이버 영화 등에서 제공하는 실제 온라인 데이터(2차 데이터)를 사용하였다. 그러나 실제 온라인 데이터는 구전 제공자와 구전 수용자의 심리 변수나 특성 정보를 파악하기가 어렵기 때문에 실제 데이터를 사용한 선행연구들에서는 구전의 양 및 방향성과 소비자의 심리 변수 간의 인과관계를 파악할 수가 없었다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구의 이러한 한계를 보완하여 실제 데이터 대신에 설문조사를 통해 기존에 검증되지 않은 인과관계모형으로서 구전의 양과 방향성이 소비자 심리 변수이며 대표적인 구전 정보 특성인 리뷰 신뢰성을 매개변수로 하여 영화 관람의도에 미치는 직·간접적인 영향력을 검증하였다. 연구결과, 구전의 양과 방향성이 관람의도에 미치는 총효과는 각각 유의하였다. 그러나 구전의 양은 리뷰 신뢰성을 통해 관람의도에 미치는 간접적인 효과만이 유의한 반면에(완전매개효과), 방향성은 직접효과와 간접효과가 모두 유의한(부분매개효과) 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과에 대한 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PTSD on memory function and hippocampal volume, and to identify major variables correlated to hippocampal volume and memory function. Thirty four Vietnam veterans were collected for this study, among whom eighteen were PTSD patients and sixteen were combat control subjects. The author used Impact of Event Scale(IES), Combat Exposure Scale(CES), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Korea Memory Assessment Scale(K-MAS) was assessed for memory function. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was used to measure hippocampal volume. There were significant differences between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans in IES, HDRS and BDI. Significant difference was found in verbal memory and total memory of K-MAS between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans. There was significant difference in hippocampal volume between PTSD and Non-PTSD veterans. Short term memory, verbal memory and total memory were positively correlated to hippocampal volume. Hippocampal volume was negatively correlated to IES, HDRS, and BDI. These results suggest that PTSD severity be associated with hippocampal atrophy and memory dysfunction. Reduced or smaller hippocampal volume may be preexisting risk factor for stress exposure or the development of PTSD on combat exposure.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.474-478
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• 2010

We studied the energy barrier for proton conduction with volume variation in $BaZrO_3$ using a first principles study to investigate an optimum volume for the proton conduction. The volume increase of $BaZrO_3$ was expected to decrease the energy barrier for proton rotation and to increase that for proton transfer, and these trends could be extrapolated when the volume was decreased. However, the energy barriers for the proton transfer with the volume decrease were increased, while all the other energy barriers varied as expected. We could explain this unexpected behavior by the bent Zr-O-Zr structure, when the volume was decreased.