• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1121-1124
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 광대역 펄스감마선 탐지센서 최적화설계에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 펄스감마선 탐지센서는 $1{\times}10^6{\sim}1{\times}10^8rad(Si)/s$의 방사선량에서 동작할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 에너지에 따른 펄스감마선 스펙트럼과 시간에 따른 에너지 비율을 기반으로 탐지센서 입력변수를 도출하고, 탐지감도 제어회로를 기반으로 탐지센서 출력전류를 도출하였다. N-type Epi Wafer를 이용하여 최적조건 탐지센서를 TCAD기반으로 설계하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 인가전압 3.3V에서 최적 Epi층 두께는 45um다. 도핑농도는 N-type은 Arsenic으로 $1{\times}10^{19}/cm^3$, P-type은 Boron으로 $1{\times}10^{19}/cm^3$, Epi 층은 Phosphorus로 $3.4{\times}10^{12}/cm^3$다. 마지막으로 탐지센서는 원형으로 지름이 1.3mm 이다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2003

When a Si PIN diode is exposed to fast neutrons, it results in displacement damage to the Si lattice structure of the diode. Defects induced from structural dislocation become effective recombination centers for carriers which pass through the base of a PIN diode. Hence, increasing the resistivity of the diode decreases the current for the applied forward voltage. This paper involves the development of a neutron sensor based on the phenomena of the displacement effect damaged by neutron exposure. The neutron effect on the semiconductor was analyzed. Several PIN diode arrays with various thickness and cross-section area of the intrinsic layer(I layer) were fabricated. Under irradiation tests with a neutron beam, the manufactured diodes have a good linearity to neutron dose and show that the increase of thickness of I layer and the decrease of cross-section of PIN diodes improve the sensitivity. Newly developed PIN diodes with thicker I layer and various cross section, were retested and then showed the best neutron sensitivity at the condition that the I layer thickness was similar to a side length. On the basis of two test results, final discrete PIN diodes with a rectangular shape were manufactured and the characteristics as neutron detectors were analyzed through the neutron beam test using on-line electronic dosimetry system. Developed PIN diode shows a good linearity as dosimetry in the range of 0 to 1,000cGy(Tissue) and its neutron sensitivity is 13mV/cGy at constant current of 5mA, that is three times higher than that of commercially available neutron detectors. And the device shows little dependency on the orientation of the neutron beam and a considerable stability in annealing test for a long period.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2002

검출능력이 우수하고 가격이 저렴하며 소형으로 제작할 수 있는 반도체검출기 중에서도 광전소지인 포토다이오드를 이용하였는데 이 소자는 특정표면이 입사광에 대하여 반응을 나타내는 소자인데 광 강도가 증가함에 따라 저항이 감소하는 특성을 이용하여 방사선 검출기를 제작하였다. 제작된 측정기는 접속식 측정기에 의해 검사치를 측정하여 기준치를 정하고 기존의 비접속형 측정기를 이용하여 제작된 비접속형 측정기와 정확성을 비교 검토하였다. 비교 결과 3가지 측정기의 모든 측정치가 기준치 범위에 속하였으며 정밀도를 분석하기 위하여 백분율 평균오차의 평균치를 구하였는데 기준측정기의 백분율평균오차의 평균치가 -0.02이고 비교측정기가 -0.22, 제작한 측정기가 0.17이었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.475-475
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• 2010

We have generated Ar plasma in dense plasma focus device with coaxial electrodes for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography and investigated an emitted visible light for electro-optical plasma diagnostics. We have applied an input voltage 4.5 kV to the capacitor bank of 1.53 uF and the diode chamber has been filled with Ar gas of pressure 8 mTorr. The inner surface of the cylindrical cathode has been attatched by an acetal insulator. Also, the anode made of tin metal. If we assumed that the focused plasma regions satisfy the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions, the electron temperature and density of the coaxial plasma focus could be obtained by Stark broadening of optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The Lorentzian profile for emission lines of Ar I of 426.629 nm and Ar II of 487.99 nm were measured with a visible monochromator. And the electron density has been estimated by FWHM (Full Width Half Maximum) of its profile. To find the exact value of FWHM, we observed the instrument line broadening of the monochromator with a Hg-Ar reference lamp. The electron temperature has been calculated using the two relative electron density ratios of the Stark profiles. In case of electron density, it has been observed by the Stark broadening method. This experiment result shows the temporal behavior of the electron temperature and density characteristics for the focused plasma. The EUV emission signal whose wavelength is about 6 ~ 16 nm has been detected by using a photo-detector (AXUV-100 Zr/C, IRD). The result compared the electron temperature and density with the temporal EUV signal. The electron density and temperature were observed to be $10^{16}\;cm^{-3}$ and 20 ~ 30 eV, respectively.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.953-958
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 산업현장, 지하시설물의 밀폐공간에서 유해가스 및 생체신호를 동시에 검출이 가능한 휴대형 검출시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템은 가스검출용 센서모듈, 패치형 1채널 소형 ECG 센서, 3축가속도 검출센서용 모듈 및 통계분석용 시스템이다. 시스템모듈의 성능을 검증하기 위해 디지털해상도, 생체신호증폭도, 출력전압 및 초소형모듈의 크기로 평가하였다. 개발된 시스템의 성능결과 디지털해상도는 300(rps), 신호증폭이득은 500dB이상 성능을 가졌고, 심전도 모듈은 $50mm{\times}10mm{\times}10mm$로 제작되어 패치형으로 활용도를 높일 수 있다. 본 연구의 휴대용 가스검출기 및 패치용 심전도, 가속도검출기는 산업현장작업자의 실시간 감시용 IoT 기반 관리시스템으로 활용한다면 가치가 높을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2022

In order to overcome the image quality limitations of the conventional C-arm, a flat panel detector (FPD) is used to enhance spatial resolution, detective quantum efficiency, frame rate, and dynamic range. Three-dimensional (3D) visualized information can be obtained from C-arm computed tomography (CT) equipped with an FPD, which can reduce patient discomfort and provide various medical information to health care providers by conducting procedures in the interventional procedure room without moving the patient to the CT scan room. Unlike a conventional C-arm device, a C-arm CT requires different basic safety and essential performance evaluation criteria; therefore, in this study, basic safety and essential performance evaluation criteria to protect patients, medical staff, and radiologists were derived based on International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) standards in Korea, and the rules on the installation and operation of special medical equipment in Korea. As a result of the study, six basic safety evaluation criteria related to electrical and mechanical radiation safety (leakage current, collision protection, emergency stopping device, overheating, recovery management, and ingress of water or particulate matter into medical electrical (ME) equipment and ME systems: footswitches) and 14 essential performance evaluation criteria (accuracy of tube voltage, accuracy of tube current, accuracy of loading time, accuracy of current time product, reproducibility of radiation output, linearity and consistency in radiography, half layer value in X-ray equipment, focal size and collimator, relationship between X-ray field and image reception area, consistency of light irradiation versus X-ray irradiation, performance of the mechanical device, focal spot to skin distance accuracy, image quality evaluation, and technical characteristic of cone-beam computed tomography) were selected for a total of 20 criteria.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.308-318
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• 2022

Noise is a serious issue. While sending images via electronic communication, Impulse noise, which is created by unsteady voltage, is one of the most common noises in digital communication. During the acquisition process, pictures were collected. It is possible to obtain accurate diagnosis images by removing these noises without affecting the edges and tiny features. The New Average High Noise Density Median Filter. (HNDMF) was proposed in this paper, and it operates in two steps for each pixel. Filter can decide whether the test pixels is degraded by SPN. In the first stage, a detector identifies corrupted pixels, in the second stage, an algorithm replaced by noise free processed pixel, the New average suggested Filter produced for this window. The paper examines the performance of Gaussian Filter (GF), Adaptive Median Filter (AMF), and PHDNF. In this paper the comparison of known image denoising is discussed and a new decision based weighted median filter used to remove impulse noise. Using Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structure Similarity Index Method (SSIM) metrics, the paper examines the performance of Gaussian Filter (GF), Adaptive Median Filter (AMF), and PHDNF. A detailed simulation process is performed to ensure the betterment of the presented model on the Mini-MIAS dataset. The obtained experimental values stated that the HNDMF model has reached to a better performance with the maximum picture quality. images affected by various amounts of pretend salt and paper noise, as well as speckle noise, are calculated and provided as experimental results. According to quality metrics, the HNDMF Method produces a superior result than the existing filter method. Accurately detect and replace salt and pepper noise pixel values with mean and median value in images. The proposed method is to improve the median filter with a significant change.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.897-902
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 휴대용 X-ray 검출기의 방사선 고감도 검출에 대한 실현 가능 여부를 확인하기 위한 SiPM의 특성 분석을 목적으로 한다. 휴대용 X-ray 검출기는 환자의 위치에 빠르게 접근하여 실시간 이미지를 획득함으로써 의사들은 신속하게 진단을 수행할 수 있는 장점이 있지만 이러한 이동성은 선량 감지의 어려움을 동반한다. 기존 검출기에서는 SiPM을 X-ray Trigger를 판별하는 단순한 용도로 사용하고 있다. SiPM을 통한 X-ray의 고감도 검출 가능 여부를 확인하기 위해 7종의 SiPM Sensor를 비교 선정하고 특성 분석을 진행하였다. 최종 시험에 사용한 SiPM은 10 nGy 수준의 극저선량 조사 조건에서 Signal 구분이 가능하며, 관전압에 따라 Signal 상승곡선의 기울기가 변하는 것이 확인되었다. X-ray 선량에 따라 SiPM의 signal level 및 지속시간이 변화되는 특성을 이용한 고감도 측정이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2003년도 제27회 추계학술대회
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• pp.45-45
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• 2003

The aim of this study was the characterization and performance validation of new prototype avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays for positron emission tomography (PET). Two different APD array prototypes (noted A and B) developed by Radiation Monitoring Device (RMD) have been investigated. Principal characteristics of the two APD array were measured and compared. In order to characterize and evaluate the APD performance, capacitance, doping concentration, quantum efficiency, gain and dark current were measured. The doping concentration that shows the impurity distribution within an APD pixel as a function of depth was derived from the relationship between capacitance and bias voltage. Quantum efficiency was measured using a mercury vapor light source and a monochromator used to select a wavelength within the range of 300 to 700 nm. Quantum efficiency measurements were done at 500 V, for which the APD gain is equal to one. For the gain measurements, a pencil beam with 450 nm in wavelength was illuminating the center of each pixel. The APD dark currents were measured as a function of gain and bias. A linear fitting method was used to determine the value of surface and bulk leakage currents. Mean quantum efficiencies measured at 400 and 450 nm were 0.41 and 0.54, for array A, and 0.50 and 0.65 for array B. Mean gain at a bias voltage of 1700 V, was 617.6 for array A and 515.7 for type B. The values based on linear fitting were 0.08${\pm}$0.02 nA 38.40${\pm}$6.26 nA, 0.08${\pm}$0.0l nA 36.87${\pm}$5.19 nA, and 0.05${\pm}$0.00 nA, 21.80${\pm}$1.30 nA in bulk surface leakage current for array A and B respectively. Results of characterization demonstrate the importance of performance measurement validating the capability of APD array as the detector for PET imaging.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1997

Adrenal chromaffin cells secrete catecholamine in response to acetylcholine. The secretory response has absolute requirement for extracellular calcium, indication that $Ca^{2+}$ influx through voltage dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channel (VDCC) is the primary trigger of the secretion cascade. Although the existence of various types of $Ca^{2+}$ channels has been explored using patch clamp technique in adrenal chromaffin cells, the contribution of different types of $Ca^{2+}$ channels to catecholamine secretion remains to be established. To investigate the quantative contribution of different types of $Ca^{2+}$ channels to cate-cholamine secretion, $Ca^{2+}$ current($I_{Ca}$) and the resultant membrane capacitance increment($\Delta{C}_{m}$) were simultaneoulsy measured. Software based phasor detector technique was used to monitor $\Delta{C}_{m}$. After blockade of L type VDCC with nicardipine (1$\mu$M), $I_{ca}$ was blocked to 43.85$\pm$6.72%(mean$\pm$SEM) of control and the resultant ㅿC$_{m}$ was reduced ot 30.10$\pm$16.44% of control. In the presence of nicardipine and $\omega$-conotoxin in GVIA(l$\mu$M), an N type VDCC antagonist, $I_{ca}$ was blocked to 11.62$\pm$2.96% of control and the resultant $\Delta{C}_{m}$ was reduced to 26.13$\pm$8.25% of control. Finally, in the presence of L, N, and P type $Ca^{2\pm}$ channel antagonists(nicardipine, $\omega$-Conotoxin GVIA, and $\omega$-agatoxin IVA, respectively), $I_{ca}$ and resultant $\Delta{C}_{m}$ were almost completely blocked. From the observation of parallel effects of $Ca^{2+}$ channel antagonists on $I_{ca}$ and $\Delta{C}_{m}$, it was concluded that L, N, and also P type $Ca^{2+}$ channels served and $Ca^{2+}$ source for exocytosis and no difference was observed in their efficiency to evoke exocytosis amost L, N, and P type $Ca^{2+}$ channels.