• 제목/요약/키워드: Volatile constituents

검색결과 137건 처리시간 0.129초

Constituents and Effects of Ginseng Leaf

  • Xie, Jing-Tian;Wu, Ji-An;Lin, Elaine;Wang, Chong-Zhi;Yuan, Chun-Su
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2004
  • Ginseng root has been used as a tonic remedy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries. Modern studies have demonstrated that ginseng root has complex components and multiple pharmacological properties. The effects of ginseng leaf, however, are not well known. Recent studies show that compared to ginseng root, ginseng leaf and stem exhibit a higher content of active compositions such as ginsenosides, polysaccharides, triterpene flavonoids, volatile oil, polyacetylenic alcohols, peptides, amino acids and fatty acids. Ginseng leaf possesses multiple pharmacological effects in the central nervous, cardiovascular, growth and metabolism systems. Additionally, the leaf has anti-fatigue, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidant, and anti-aged effects. In general, ginseng leaf is quite safe, but adverse effects may occur if it is abused or is of poor quality. Thus, attention must be paid to dosages, quality, and standardization of ginseng leaf products.

The Composition of Essential Oil from Nepeta cataria and Its Effect on Microorganism

  • Kim, Jong-Hee;Jung, Dae-Ho;Park, Hyun-Kyung
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.381-387
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    • 2006
  • We analyzed the total yields and composition of essential oils in leaf extracts of Nepeta cataria by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-six compounds representing 97.0% of total oil were detected. The major constituents of essential oils in Nepeta cataria were nepetalactone (90.9%), unidentified compound (Retention time 17.35; 1.82%), 1,8-cineol (1.49%), ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (1.12%), and ${\beta}-pinene$ (1.078%). The volatile compounds in leaf extracts of N. cataria concentrated to nepetalactone ($88.83{\sim}93.33%$) remarkably. In the essential oil of N. cataria cis,trans-nepetalactone ($30.2{\sim}37.8%$) and cis,cis-nepetalactone ($31.5{\sim}37.0%$) were found as the main constituents. The effects of essential oil of N. cataria on the growth of six microorganisms (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were investigated. The essential oil of N. cataria had strong inhibitory effect on the growth of three fungal species (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, and B. amyloliquefaciens). The essential oil from N. cataria was found to have a low antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, while no activity were found against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results indicate the significant antimicrobial effect, which may be depended on the yield of nepetalactone.

ULTRA-FINE PARTICLES AND GASEOUS VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND EXPOSURES FROM THE REACTION OF OZONE AND CAR-AIR FRESHENER DURING METROPOLIS TRAVEL

  • Lamorena, Rheo B.;Park, Su-Mi;Bae, Gwi-Nam;Lee, Woo-Jin
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.72-80
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    • 2007
  • Experiments were conducted to identify the emissions from the car air freshener and to identify the formation of ultra-fine particles and secondary gaseous compounds during the ozone-initiated oxidations with emitted VOCs. The identified primary constituents emitted from the car air freshener in this study were $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, $\rho$-cymene and limonene. Formation of ultra-fine particles (4.4-160 nm) was observed when ozone was injected into the chamber containing emitted monoterpenes from the air freshener. Particle number concentrations, particle mass concentrations, and surface concentrations were measured in time dependent experiments to describe the particle formation and growth within the chamber. The irritating secondary gaseous products formed during the ozone-initiated reactions include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, and propionaldehyde. Ozone concentration (50 and 100 ppb) and temperature (30 and $40^{\circ}C$) significantly affect the formation of particles and gaseous products during the ozone-initiated reactions. The results obtained in this study provided an insight on the potential exposure of particles and irritating secondary products formed during the ozone-initiated reaction to passengers in confined spaces.

Study of antibacterial and antifungal activity of traditional Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii Sarg

  • Chaudhary, Amrendra Kumar;Ahmad, Shamim;Mazumder, Avijit
    • 셀메드
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.37.1-37.4
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    • 2012
  • In the present study, the volatile oil, chloroform extract and methanol extract of the woods of the plants Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus clavatus using the Agar diffusion method. The susceptibilities of the microorganisms to the extracts were compared with each other and with a selected standard antibiotic. It was observed that the volatile oil and chloroform extracts showed the significant antibacterial activities while the least antibacterial activity was recorded with the methanolic extracts. The higher Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value of the extracts and oils against fungus suggested that the plants may possess less antifungal activity. Phytochemical analysis and thin-layer chromatography profiling revealed the presence of flavonoids and terpenoids in the oil and chloroform extracts, which could explain the antimicrobial activity. The findings suggest that the Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii have antimicrobial properties and they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, further work is required in order to isolate the active constituents of the plants responsible for the antibacterial activity.

굴 자숙향의 발현성분 (The Precursors and Flavor Constituents of the Cooked Oyster Flavor)

  • 강진영;노태현;황석민;김영아;최종덕;오광수
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.606-613
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    • 2010
  • In order to elucidate a mechanism responsible for the development of the odor characteristics of cooked, desirable-flavored shellfish, oysters were extracted using various solvents and the resulting extracts were evaluated organoleptically after cooking. The 80% aqueous methanol extract was found to produce a desirable cooked flavor. This oyster extract was fractionated using ion-exchange column chromatography and dialysis, and each of the fractions was subjected to cooking, followed by organoleptic evaluation. The outer dialysate fraction such as acidic and amphoteric water-soluble fractions produced a cooked oyster flavor. The volatile flavor compounds identified from cooked oyster included 29 hydrocarbons, 20 alcohols, 16 acids, 12 aldehydes, nine nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, eight ketones, five furans, three esters, three phenols, and one benzene.

황색종 연초건조에 있어서 건조조건에 따른 내용성분변화 제3보. 송풍량 변화에 따른 영향 (Studies on the Chemical Components by Curing Condition of Flue- cured Tobacco Leaves III. Effect of Circulating Air Volume during Curing)

  • 석영선;황건중;손현주
    • 한국연초학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.19-27
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    • 1986
  • This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of circulating air volume to chemical composition of tobacco leaves during the bulk curing. The results were as follows : The decrease of circulating air volume prolonged curing time as the case of a 0.058m3/min. kg; but, no remarkable changes with a 0.11m3/min. kg and a 0.083m3/min. kg. When the circulating air volume was decreased, compared with 0.11m3/min. kg, sugar content was increased while total nitrogen and nicotine content showed a reduced values. In case of a 0.058m3/min. kg and a 0.083m3/min.kg, solanone and damascenone were high. Some of volatile neutral constituents and volatile organic acids were increased during curing process ; especially, their quantities were remarkably increased during the midrib drying stage. As circulating air volume decreased the equilibrium moisture content was increased, while leaf shatter index and filling capacity were decreased.

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Essential Oil Constituents of Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham.

  • Gyawali, Rajendra;Ryu, Keun-Young;Shim, Sung-Lye;Kim, Jun-Hyoung;Seo, Hye-Young;Han, Kyu-Jae;Kim, Kyong-Su
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.232-236
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    • 2006
  • The essential oil of Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. was extracted by solvent extraction (n-pentane:diethylether, 1:1) method using simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The yield of essential oil obtained from S. chirata was 236.47 mg/kg. Seventy seven compounds of the essential oil belonging to chemical classes of acid (4), alcohol (21), aldehyde (15), ester (3), furan (3), hydrocarbon (7), ketone (17) and miscellaneous (7) were tentatively identified. The major volatile compounds ranged in content order were as follows: undecanoic acid (28.63%), 2-buten-2-one (20.42%), camphor (18.40%), 2-heptadecanone (14.72%), and cedrol (13.07%).

탈취공정 중 steam source의 조절과 glycerol 첨가가 어유의 저장안정성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Steam Sources and Glycerol on the Storage Stability of Fish Oil)

  • 이옥숙;한대석;조동욱
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.824-827
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    • 1994
  • 어유의 탈취공정에서 첨가되는 steam source로서 초산 용액(0.2vol%), 구연산 용액(0.2wt%) 및 에탄올 용액(2vol%)을 사용했을 때 탈취된 어유의 저장안정성을 살펴보았다. 초산 용액을 사용한 경우가 에탄올 용액, 구연산 용액 및 중류수를 사용했을 때보다 어유외 저장안정성이 향상되는 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 글리세롤을 어유에 첨가한 후 글리세롤을 증류함으로 탈취시킬 경우탈취 정도와 저장안정성이 향상되었으며, 여기에 steam source로서 초산 응액을 사용할 경우에는 탈취 정도와 저장안정성 향상에 있어 단순한 수증기 중류 탈취공정에 비하여 훨씬 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 즉, steam source로서 초산 용액을 사용한 경우 저장 10일 후의 totox value는 443이었으나 증류수를 사용한 경우에는 936을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 초산에는 비린 냄새 발생에 관여하는 물질들의 분해효과가 있으며 글리세롤에는 저급 냄새물질분자들을 용해, 함께 휘발시키는 효과가 있기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

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숙성마늘 extract 의 biomarker로서 생리활성 성분 (Biological Constituents of Aged Garlic Extract as Biomarker)

  • 양승택
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.138-146
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    • 2009
  • 마늘은 역학조사에 의하면 각종 질환의 예방과 치료에 효능이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 마늘의 주요 성분인 알리신 성분은 매우 불안정하여 쉽게 분해되어 새로운 형태의 유황 화합물로 만들어져 이들 성분들이 상승적으로 작용하여 중요한 생리황성을 갖는 것으로 알려져 있다. 시판되고 있는 여러 종류의 마늘제품 중에서 숙성마늘제품이 다른 제품에 비하여 생리활성이 높은 것으로 보고되었다. 숙성마늘제품은 마늘을 일정한 조건으로 숙성시킬 때 수용성 성분인 S-allylcysteine, S-allylmercaptan, steroid saponins, te-trahydro-${\beta}$-caboline derivatives 및 fructeosyl-arginine 등이 많이 증가하여 그 효능이 상승적으로 높아지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 시판 마늘가공품의 품질을 표준화하기 위하여 이들 수용성 성분을 biomarker로서 규격기준을 정해야 할 것이다.

호박 및 단호박의 식품성분 비교 (The Comparision of Food Constituents in Pumpkin and Sweet-pumpkin)

  • 허수진;김준한;김종국;문광덕
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.91-96
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    • 1998
  • 본 연구에서는 최근 각종 영양적 기능적 특성으로 새롭게 주목받고 있는 호박과 단호박의 식품성분 특성을 분석하여 식품가공용 중간 소재로서 이용하는데 있어서 기본 자료로 이용하고자 비교 검토하였다. 단호박은 수분함량이 87.87%로 호박의 94.19% 보다 월등히 낮았으며 기타 일반성분은 단호박의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 유리당은 glucose fructose sucrose순이었으며 단호박에는 소량의 mannitol 함유되어 있었다. 총 유리아미노산 함량에서 호박은 526n1g%, 단호박은 846mg%로 단호박이 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 유리아미노산은 호박의 경우 aspartic acid threonine, cystine의 함량이 높았고 단호박에서는 cystina arginine, tyrosine의 함량이 높게 나타났으며 특히 필수아미노산의 함량에서 단호박이 월등히 높게 나타났다. 비휘발성 유기산함량은 호박이 124.22mg%,단호박이 2배가량 많았으며 호박에는 malic arid가 단호박에는 citric acid가 가장 많았다. 지방산의 조성은 호박의 경우 palmitic acid, Iinolenic acid, Iinoleic arid 순이었으며 단호박에서는 oleic acid linoleic acid, palmitic acid 순으로 불포화지방산의 비율은 호박은 52.3%, 단호박은 71.5%를 차지하였다. 또한 무기질, vitamin C 및 carotenoid 함량 등에서도 단호박이 월등히 높게 나타나 영양적으로는 호박보다 우수하였다.

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