• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.936-949
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• 2021

This study discriminated fatty acid profile and flavor characteristics of Beijing You Chicken (BYC) as a precious local breed and Dwarf Beijing You Chicken (DBYC) eggs. Fatty acid profile and flavor characteristics were analyzed to identify differences between BYC and DBYC eggs. Four classification algorithms were used to build classification models. Arachidic acid, oleic acid (OA), eicosatrienoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), hexadecenoic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and 35 volatile compounds had significant differences in fatty acids and volatile compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (p<0.05). For fatty acid data, k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) got 91.7% classification accuracy. SPME-GC-MS data failed in classification models. For electronic nose data, classification accuracy of KNN, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), SVM and decision tree was all 100%. The overall results indicated that BYC and DBYC eggs could be discriminated based on electronic nose with suitable classification algorithms. This research compared the differentiation of the fatty acid profile and volatile compounds of various egg yolks. The results could be applied to evaluate egg nutrition and distinguish avian eggs.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.883-890
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• 2019

Two-phase flow near the wellbore in volatile oil reservoirs causes complications in well test analysis. In this study, the flow behavior of volatile oil reservoirs below the bubble-point pressure and the potential of radial composite model for interpretation of two-phase well test in volatile oil reservoirs was investigated. A radial composite model was used for two-phase well test analysis. A new procedure was developed to interpret well test data and estimate the radius of the two-phase region. The changes in fluid composition near the wellbore during drawdown test were found to increase the saturation pressure, which affects the saturation profile during build-up. Well test results showed that the radial composite method is a powerful tool for well test characterization and estimation of reservoir parameters. The proposed procedure was able to estimate the reservoir parameters and radius of the two-phase region with acceptable accuracy.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2009

This work has been conducted to develop a method for the analysis of neutral volatile flavors and their precursors in tobacco. The neutral volatile compounds and precursors in tobaccos have been investigated by Neutral Volatile scan method(NV scan) using Soxhlet extractor. The method has been used to analyze a range of different tobaccos and tobacco products. Neutral flavor compounds were classified as three sections(1st Volatile Fraction, Breakdown Flavor Products and Cembranoid Precursors). The major components of the First Volatile Fraction were 2-cyclohexene-1-one, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, limonene and phenyl ethanol. The major components of Breakdown Flavor Products were isophorone, solanone, damascenone, 3-hydroxy-$\beta$-damascone, geranyl acetone, $\beta$-ionone, dihydroactinidiolide, norsolanadione, neophytadiene, hexahydrofarnesylacetone, farnesyl acetone and megastigmatrienone. The major cembranoid precursor compounds were dibutyl phthalate, duvatrenediols, 8,12-epoxy-14-labden-13-ol, 11-hydroperoxy-2,7,12(20)-cembratriene-4,6-diol, 12,15-epoxy-12,14-labadien-8-ol, 2,7,11-cembratrien-4,6-diol and 8,13-epoxy-14-labdien-12-ol. The NV scna results of tobacco types(flue-cured, burley and oriental) showed that each tobacco type has a characteristic flavor component profile.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1985

생무우(태백무우, 알타리무우)에 존재하는 휘발성 함유황화합물을 수증기 증류 및 용매추출($CCl_4$)방법에 의해 추출하여 GC/MS 분석법에 의해 분리 확인하였다. 수증기 증류로 얻은 2종 무우의 휘발성 함유황 성분들의 GC profile은 유사하였으며, 4-methyl-pentyl, 3-methylthiopropyl, 4-methylthio-3-butenyl, 4-rnethylthiobutyl, 5-methylthiopentyl isothiocyanate 와 5-methylthio-4-pentenenitrile, 1-methylthio-3-pentanone, dimethyl sulfides 등이 분리 확인되었다. 한편 $CCl_4$추출물에는 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate도 존재하였다. 수증기 증류에서 는 4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate가, 그리고 $CCl_4$추출에서 는 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate가 각각 주된 휘발성 함유황 화합물이었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.353-356
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• 1990

The isolation of volatile compounds by vacuum-distillation with freeze-drying was tested 1 with fresh ginseng roots. The roots were frozen at-8$0^{\circ}C$; they were dried at-4$0^{\circ}C$ tinder vacuum(40 tory), for 24 hours; and the ice condensed at the silrface of condenser in the freeze-dryer was thauved at room temperature. The ether extract of the resulting aqueous solution was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) or a nitrogen-phosphorils detecto(NPD) and by gas : chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS). More than forty peaks were observed in the CG(FID) profile. and more than ten peaks were observed in the GC(NPD) profile. Among them, thirteen components 1including one aldehyde, four hydrocarbons, two esters, folly alcohols, and two vyrazines were identified: six components the molesuiar ions of which were m/z, 204 were estimated to be a series of azulene compounds; and the other components unidentified were estimated to have molecular weights of lower than 254. Therefore, the freeze-drying technicue is thought to be usefu1 for the isolation of volatile compounds of such low molecufilar weights from vegetables, fruits and biological fluids as well as fresh ginseng roots under the tested conditions.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1091-1099
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this work was the characterization of the qualitative aspects of meat obtained from Teramana goats, an Italian indigenous breed of the Abruzzo region. Specifically, the study included a comparison with meat samples deriving from Saanen goat kids reared in the same environment and applying the same feeding protocol. Methods: Upon reaching about 7 months of age the animals were slaughtered and samples of muscle tissue were collected to be analyzed. Specifically, meat samples were subjected to evaluations of the physical parameters, including color and the meat ability to retain water, in addition to chemical evaluations that were focused to the determination of the total lipids amount, fatty acids composition, lipid oxidation, and volatile profile. Results: The meat samples obtained from the indigenous breed showed a less intense reddish color and no significant variations for the muscle tissue tendency to retain water, both regarding fresh and cooked meat. Several differences were instead observed in the fatty acid profile. The Teramana samples were richer in saturated fatty acids (p<0.01) and interestingly showed higher concentrations of rumenic acid (p<0.05), a conjugate of linoleic acid that has been associated with important health benefits for the consumers. Another important finding for these meat samples was the marked resistance to oxidative events, as evidenced by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-test (p<0.05) and by the characterization of the volatile profile that highlighted a strong reduction in the relative percentage of hexanal (p<0.05), commonly associated to lipid oxidation and the development of unpleasant aromatic notes. Conclusion: The collected data, therefore appeared useful for the valorization of the food product derived from the Teramana goat, although no sensory information has been collected to define the degree of acceptability by the consumers.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.504-516
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect on the chemical quality of whey and Ricotta obtained from ewes fed a red grape pomace (GP) dietary supplementation. The analyses were performed on whey, before and post Ricotta cheese-making, and in Ricotta after 1 (T1) and 5 (T5) d of ripening at 4℃. Moreover, fatty acid profile of whey before ricotta (WBR) cheese-making and Ricotta T1 of ripening and volatile profile of Ricotta T1 and T5 were investigated. The diet did not affect whey and Ricotta lipid content, conversely, significant variations were instead observed with regard to color. A lower amount of total phenolic compounds was found in WBR cheese-making, on the contrary, an opposite trend was highlighted in Ricotta T1 although no variations in antioxidant properties were detected. Moreover, GP modified fatty acid profile of whey and Ricotta but did not have any effect on protein profile of the main whey protein. The reduction of hexanal in Ricotta during the ripening suggest a better oxidative stability. The obtained results therefore suggested that the GP inclusion in the ewes diet, while modifying some chemical parameters, did not induce negative effects on the characteristics and quality of dairy by-products.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2023

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important crops in human food production. The occurrence of diseases, such as white mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can limit the production of this legume. The use of Trichoderma has become an important strategy in the suppression of this disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by Trichoderma azevedoi CEN1241 in five different growth periods on the severity of white mold in common bean. The in vitro assays were carried out in double-plate and split-plate, and the in vivo assays, through the exposure of the mycelia of S. sclerotiorum to the VOCs of T. azevedoi CEN1241 and subsequent inoculation in bean plants. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detected 37 VOCs produced by T. azevedoi CEN1241, covering six major chemical classes. The profile of VOCs produced by T. azevedoi CEN1241 varied according to colony age and was shown to be related to the ability of the biocontrol agent to suppress S. sclerotiorum. T. azevedoi CEN1241 VOCs reduced the size of S. sclerotiorum lesions on bean fragments in vitro and reduced disease severity in a greenhouse. This study demonstrated in a more applied way that the mechanism of antibiosis through the production of volatile compounds exerted by Trichoderma can complement other mechanisms, such as parasitism and competition, thus contributing to a better efficiency in the control of white mold in bean plants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1168-1174
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different nitrate levels (150, 300, 450, and 600 ppm $KNO_3$) on the volatile compounds and some other properties of pastırma. Methods: Pastırma samples were produced under the controlled condition and analyses of volatile compounds, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as an indicator of lipid oxidation, non-protein nitrogenous matter content as an indicator of proteolysis, color and residual nitrite were carried out on the final product. The profile of volatile compounds of pastırma samples was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using a solid phase microextraction. Results: Nitrate level had a significant effect on pH value (p<0.05) and a very significant effect on TBARS value (p<0.01). No significant differences were determined in terms of $a_w$ value, non-protein nitrogenous substance content, color and residual nitrite between pastırma groups produced by using different nitrate levels. Nitrate level had a significant (p<0.05) or a very significant (p<0.01) effect on some volatile compounds. It was determined that the amounts and counts of volatile compounds were lower in the 450 and especially 600 ppm nitrate levels than 150 and 300 ppm nitrate levels (p<0.05). While the use of 600 ppm nitrate did not cause an increase in residual nitrite levels, the use of 150 ppm nitrate did not negatively affect the color of pastırma. However, the levels of volatile compounds decreased with an increasing level of nitrate. Conclusion: The use of 600 ppm nitrate is not a risk in terms of residual nitrite in pastırma produced under controlled condition, however, this level is not suitable due to decrease in the amount of volatile compounds.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 1998

In this study, a total of 10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including BTEX were determined in the inside and outside of a highway thnnel in order to evaluate the emission profile of automobile exhaust with respect to the concentrations, relative ratio and correlation coefficient of target analytes. In addition to VOCs, CO $CO_2 and NO_2$ were measured simultaneously. The results of this study indicated that the most abundant compound was toluene followed by benzene and m+p-xylenes, and the correlation coefficients between VOCs except styrene were higher than 0.96. The concentration ratio of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes with respect to benzene measured in the inside of tunnel was 1.5, 0.13, 0.74, respectively. Such ratios were found to be very similar to those measured in tunnels in the USA.