• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.436-442
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• 2011

In this study, the Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) emitted from wood-based panels were compared by two analytical methods using the GC/FID and the GC/MS. Japanese Larch, Yellow Poplar, Particle Board (PB) and Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) were selected as target materials. Major compounds emitted from the panels were Toluene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene and limonene. In case of TVOC using GC/FID method, MDF E2 (1,497 ${\mu}g/m^3$) revealed the highest concentration among all wood-based panels, while Japanese Larch (1,772 ${\mu}g/m^3$) showed the highest value with respect to GC/MS method. Furthermore, it was found that the amount of VOC emitted from panels was different depending upon analytical methods. This significant difference was attributed to analytical sensitivities of GC/FID and GC/MS for various VOC. Besides, it was found that the composition ratios of main VOC compounds were not significantly different.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2017

Ozone concentration in Tokyo Metropolitan area is one of the most serious issues of the local air quality. Tropospheric ozone is formed by radical reaction including volatile organic compound (VOC) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$). Reduction of the emission of reactive VOC is a key to reducing ozone concentrations. VOC is emitted from anthropogenic sources and also from vegetation (biogenic VOC or BVOC). BVOC also forms ozone through $NO_x$ and radical reactions. Especially, in urban area, the BVOC is emitted into the atmosphere with high $NO_x$ concentration. Therefore, trees bordering streets and green spaces in urban area may contribute to tropospheric ozone. On the other hand, not all trees emit BVOC which will produce ozone locally. In this study, BVOC emissions have been investigated (terpenoids: isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes) for 29 tree species. Eleven in the 29 species were tree species that did not emit BVOCs. Three in 12 cultivars for future planting (25 %) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOCs. Eight in 17 commonly planted trees (47%) were found to emit no terpenoid BVOC. Lower-emitting species have many advantages for urban planting. Therefore, further investigation is required to find the species which do not emit terpenoid BVOC. Emission of reactive BVOC should be added into guideline for the urban planting to prevent the creation of sources of ozone. It is desirable that species with no reactive BVOC emission are planted along urban streets and green areas in urban areas, such as Tokyo.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2016

Remediation of crude oil contaminated soil is complicate and hard to apply traditional methods because of its persistency, durability, and high viscosity. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of crude oil contaminated soil remediation was tested by developing a pilot-scale thermal desorption system using the indirect heating method with an exhaust gas treatment. Under optimal condition drawed by temperature and retention time, the remedial efficiency of crude oil contaminated soil and treatability of exhaust gas were analyzed. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of crude oil contaminated soil was decreased to 69.7 mg/kg on average and the remedial efficiency was measured at 99.60%. Through the exhaust gas, 86.0% of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) was degraded and 97.16% of complex malodor was reduced under the suggested optimum operation condition. This study provides important basic data to be useful in scaling up of the indirect thermal desorption system for the remediation of crude oil contaminated soil.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.727-733
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• 2007

In this study, a newly developed biotrickling system, combined with a non-thermal plasma reactor, was investigated to effectively treat gaseous contaminants such as VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds). Three kinds of non-thermal plasmas (NTPs) such as a rod type dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, a packed bead type DBD plasma and a gliding arc (GA) plasma, were tested and compared in terms of power consumption. The rod type DBD plasma was selected as one for integration with biotrickling system due to its relatively high VOC removal efficiency, low power consumption and low pressure drop. Toluene and xylene as representatives of VOCs were used as test gases. The experiment results showed that the efficiency of biotrickling system was especially very low at the high gas concentration and high flow rate and the removal efficiencies of VOCs were considerably enhanced in the biotrickling system, when the DBD plasma was worked in front of that even at the high gas concentration and high flow rate.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2008

Many building materials may contain high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other hazardous pollutants(HAPs). Specifically, VOCs discharged by indoor building material may cause "new house" syndrome, atopic dermatitis etc. The diffusion coefficient and initially contained total VOC quantity were determined using microbalance experiments and small chamber tests. Interactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and vinyl flooring (VF), a relatively homogenous, diffusion-controlled building material, were characterized. Rapid determination of the material/air partition coefficient (K) and the material-phase diffusion coefficient (D) for each VOC was achieved by placing thin VF slabs in a dynamic microbalance and subjecting them to controlled sorption/desorption cycles. K and D are shown to be independent of concentration for all of the VOCs and water vapor. This approach can be applied to other diffusion-controlled materials and should facilitate the prediction of their source/sink behavior using physically-based models.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제17권E3호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2001

Source profiles were developed for a total of 45 volatile organic compounds (VOC) that can be emitted from gasoline evaporation. The gasoline samples of five major brands (for each season) were blended on the basis of the market share in Seoul area and analyzed by a GC-MS/FID system. In addition, we calculated gasoline evaporative compositions using the Raoult's law from the liquid gasoline compositions. The measured and estimated gasoline vapor compositions agree well each other. As a group, alkanes are the most abundant in the gasoline vapors profiles (77.4% on average), followed by alkenes (19.1%), and aromatics (1.7%). As a specie in gasoline vapor, i-pentane is the most abundant, followed by n-butane, n-pentane, i-butane, trans-and cis-2-butenes, 2-methyl-2-butene, and trans-and cis-2-pentenes . It was also seen that aromatic content was much lower in the vapor phase compositions. From the comparison between experimental and calculated compositions, we identified the fact that once the gasoline vapor composition is reliably constructed entirely from the measured gasoline composition and the Raoult's law calculations, the need for doing separate chemical analyses of the gasoline vapor can be reduced.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.580-602
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• 2011

Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in the 2007 CAPSS (Clean Air Protection Supporting System) emissions inventory are chemically speciated for the SAPRC99 (Statewide Air Pollution Research Center 99) mechanism, following the Source Classification Code (SCC) matching method to borrow the U.S.EPA's chemical speciation profiles. CMAQ simulations with High-order Direct Decoupled Method (HDDM) are in turn applied to evaluate uncertainty in the method by comparing the simulated model VOC species to the observations in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) for a 2007 June episode. Simulations under-predicted ALK1 to ALK4 in SAPRC99 by a factor of 2 to 5 and over-predicted ALK5 by a factor of 7.5 while ARO1, ARO2, OLE1, and ethylene (ETH) are comparable to the observations, showing relative difference by 10 to 30%. OLE2 emissions are roughly 4 times overestimated. Emission rates for individual VOC model species are revised referring to the ratio of simulated to observed concentrations. Impact of the VOC emission changes on the overall ozone prediction was insignificant for the days of which 1-hr maximum ozone are lower than 100 ppb. However, simulations showed ozone difference by 5 to 10 ppb when high ozone above 120 ppb was observed in the vicinity of Seoul. This result suggests that evaluations on individual model VOC emissions be necessary to lead ozone control plans to the right direction. Moreover, the simulated ratios of ARO1 and ARO2 to $NO_x$ are roughly 50% lower than the observed ones, which imply that adjustment in $NO_x$ and VOC emission rates may be required to mimic the real VOC/$NO_x$ condition over the area.

• 분석과학
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2022

대기 중 휘발성유기물(VOC) 분석을 위해 가스시료 채취 용기로서 고분자 재질의 유연한 백(bag)이나 금속재질의 캐니스터 또는 유리병 등을 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 가스시료 용기에 시료 채취 후 분석 시까지 단기 보관에 따른 휘발성시료의 농도 안정성을 다양한 용기에 대해 비교하였다. 시료용기로 폴리비닐플로라이드(polyvinyl fluoride, PVF), 폴리프로필렌(polypropylene, PP), 폴리에스터-알미늄(polyester aluminum, PE-Al) 재질의 폴리머백과 스테인레스 재질의 캐니스터 그리고 2종의 갈색유리병을 사용하였으며 VOC 시료로 100 nmol/mol의 벤젠, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 자일렌, 스타이렌 표준가스를 사용하였다. 열탈착-가스크로마토그래프-불꽃이온화검출기(TD-GC-FID)를 사용하여 용기 종류별로 10~20일 동안 보관된 시료의 농도변화를 측정하였다. 캐니스터와 갈색병은 1주일 동안 큰 농도의 변화가 없었으며 2주까지도 처음 농도의 80 %이상 농도를 유지하였다. 폴리머재질의 모든 백(bag)형 용기의 경우는 벤젠과 톨루엔을 제외한 모든 성분이 1일 후에 처음 농도의 70 % 미만으로 큰 농도 변화를 보였다. 특히 에틸벤젠, 자일렌, 스티렌의 경우 처음 농도의 30 % 미만이 남아 매우 큰 농도 변화를 보였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.616-623
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• 2010

Recently, interests in indoor air quality (IAQ) have been increased; however, a number of researchers have mainly focused on anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOC) emitted from building materials. Therefore, the properties of natural VOC (NVOC) and anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) emitted from wood-based panels was investigated in this work. VOCs emitted from these panels were sampled through Tenax TA/Cabotrap and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Comparisons were made concerning TVOC, NVOC, and composition ratios of NVOC. It was revealed that TVOC emission rates of midium density fiber (MDF) were the highest. Besides, it was found that emissions of NVOC from wood-based panels were much higher than those of anthropogenic AVOC except for plywood of Oceania timber. It was also observed that the composition ratio of NVOC emitted from plywood of Pinus radiata was the highest as 65% of TVOC. Major NVOC components were monoterpene compounds such as $\alpha$-pinene, $\beta$-pinene, d-limonene, camphene and $\alpha$-terpinene. It was concluded that the composition rates of VOCs emitted from building materials were clearly different according to the raw materials and manufacturing methods.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.544-552
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• 2006

본 논문은 소형챔버법을 이용해 바닥재 종류에 따른 방출농도특성을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 환경학적 관심사가 높은 개별 휘발성유기화합물(VOC) 및 총휘발성유기화합물(TVOC)을 측정대상물질로 선정하여 HPLC 및 GC/MSD를 이용하여 분석하였다. 바닥재에서 방출된 TVOC 및 포름알데히드(HCHO)의 평균방출농도는 각각 $0.3mg/m^2{\cdot}h$와 $0.2mg/m^2{\cdot}h$로 나타났으며 37개 바닥재 모두 방출기준을 만족하는 것으로 조사되었다. TVOC 방출농도는 PVC Sheet, PVC Tile, 마루 순으로 나타났으며, 반면 HCHO 방출농도는 PVC 계열보다 마루 제품에서 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다.