• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

This study is based on a investigation regarding the evaporation rate of a volatile liquid(methanol, tetrahydrofuran, xylene) according to changes of the temperature and wind. The weight of a volatile liquid was standardized to 24 g and the mixture was formed with the same weight ratio. In order to discover about the effect of the wind velocity, small fan was installed at 10 cm above the entrance and 30 cm away in the direction of the cylinder. The effect of the wind velocity was tested at 0 m/s, 1.63 m/s, 2.03 m/s respectively and the effect of the temperature on the volatile liquid was experimented at the temperature of $21^{\circ}C$, $32^{\circ}C$, $52^{\circ}C$ in the constant temperature water base. As a result, in case of Xylene, the evaporation rate of the tetrahydrofuran and methanol showed 1.4 mg/min, 19.8 mg/min and 10.2 mg/min respectively. Also, the effect of the evaporation rate on the temperature of the volatile liquid and on the velocity of wind was shown to be very sensitive. At the same time, the evaporation rate of the mixture showed large difference compared to that of the single volatile liquid.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2001

In order to identify of volatile flavor compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commercial liquid smokes, this study was conducted to analyze volatile flavor compounds by solvent extraction and/or Purge & Trap method/GC/MSD. A total of 156 volatile flavor compounds were detected in 6 commercial liquid smokes, and these compounds were composed mainly of 12 aldehydes, 60 ketones, 7 alcohols, 14 acids, 20 esters, 24 aromatic compounds, 7 furans and 12 miscellaneous compounds. Ketones $(806.6-7,573.9\mu g/mL)$ and aromatic compounds $(282.6-7,896.3 \mu g/mL)$ were more abundant than others. The PAHs known as carcinogen have not been detected in this study. The acids $(422.9-4,903.1\mu g/mL)$ was identified in relatively high concentration compared to other groups. Phenol and its derivatives among aromatic compounds were in relatively high concentration. Especially, the phenol and its derivatives including o-cresol, guaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol and syringol were in higher concentration.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

In this study, the formation of nanoparticles by a reaction of ozone with the volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emitted from a commercial home cleaner liquid was investigated using a $1-m^3$ reaction chamber($1{\times}1{\times}1m$). The home cleaner liquid was found to contain many VOCs, particularly terpenes. Some of these VOCs are known to readily react with ozone, forming indoor secondary pollutants. The correlation of particle concentration and reacted ozone concentration was examined with injections of three different ozone concentrations; 50, 100 and 200 ppb. The secondary nanoparticles were formed faster, with their numbers and mass concentrations becoming higher on increasing the concentration of ozone injected.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2016

Nanoparticles (NPs), which have been investigated intensively as electrocatalysts, are usually synthesized by chemical methods that allow precise size and shape control. However, it is difficult to control the components and compositions of alloy NPs. On the other hand, the conventional physical method, sputtering with solid substrates, allows for facile composition control but size control is difficult. Recently, “liquid medium sputtering” has been suggested as an alternative method that is capable of combining the advantages of the chemical and conventional physical methods. In this review, we will discuss NP synthesis via the liquid medium sputtering technique using ionic liquid and low-volatile polymer media. In addition, potential applications of the technique, including the generation of oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts, will be discussed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2010

For screening test of the non-volatile compounds which migrate from food packaging materials into foodstuffs, the traditional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems suffer from the lack of universal detector with high sensitivity and universality and high efficiency HPLC separation column which provides complete separation of complex mixtures into all individual substances. In this work, the use possibility of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system coupled with a charged aerosol detector (CAD), a universal detector, was reviewed. 2D-LC system permits to improve peak capacity and resolving power for complex mixtures. Charged aerosol detector (CAD) offers a new feasibility for detection of any non-volatile compounds with high sensitivity and constant response factor in a calibration range. The combination of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and normal phase HPLC (NP-HPLC) is most frequently used for the separation of the natural and synthetic polymers which are mainly used as raw materials for the manufacture of food packaging materials. However, there is no commercial software available for data acquisition and handling and therefore the quantification in 2D-LC analysis is still rare.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2001

Irradiation-induced volatile flavor compounds in irradiated (0, 1, 3, 5, 10 kGy) pork meats were analyzed by liquid liquid continuous extraction (LLCE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. One hundred nine volatile compounds were detected in irradiated pork meats. These compounds were mainly composed of hydrocarbons (42 compounds), aromatic compounds (39), aldehydes(9), ketones(5) and miscellaneous compounds (14). Among these, three volatile compounds, such as decene, 1,2,3,4,-tetrahydro-6-methylnaphthalene and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-dimethylnaphthalene were selected as irradiation-induced compounds comparing with irradiation dosages in irradiated pork meats. By the high correlation coefficient with the increment of irradiation dose, however, decene (r=0.93) was considered as marker compound for detecting irradiation dosage in fresh pork meats.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2004

The performance of a membrane-coupled anaerobic fermenter system for the recovery of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from liquid organic sludge was experimentally investigated. Permeation flux was stably kept around $0.2(m^3/m^2/day)$ during operational period. The membrane-coupled fermenter showed 2.2 times higher VFAs concentration and higher VFAs forming rate than those of fermenter without membrane. The fermenter with membrane proved to be an effective system for the recovery of soluble organic materials from liquid sludge.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.412-419
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• 2004

In odor to select optimum extraction methods of volatile compounds in beef extract powder(BEP) as basic data for the development of a new detection method of irradiated BEP, four extraction methods, such as solid phase microextraction with polar fiber(S-PD) and non-polar fiber(S-CD), purge and trap(P&T) and liquid liquid continuous extraction(LLCE) methods, were tested with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. A total of 106 volatile compounds including 22 hydrocarbons, 7 aldehydes, 6 ketones, 13 alcohols, 6 sulfur-containing compounds, 19 nitrogen-containing compounds, 6 aromatic compounds, 17 terpenes, 8 furans and 2 miscellaneous compounds were detected in BEP by four detection methods. The most compounds(62 compounds) were detected by S-PD method, followed by P&T(43), LLCE(38) and S-CD method(30). Among these methods, S-PD and P&T methods showed a complementary interrelationship to detect volatile compounds as S-PD method showed high detectabiltiy to all compound groups except hydrocarbons and ketones, which had high volatility and low molecular weight(less than RI 1200), but P&T method showed the contrary pattern to that of S-PD method. Moreover, the most of volatile compounds detected by S-CD and LLCE methods were also detectable by S-PD or/and P&T methods. Therefore, the simultaneous application of S-PD and P&T methods were selected as the optimum volatile extraction methods of BEP.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.237-240
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• 1976

To investigate the constituents of following plants, Valeriana fauriei species, which are V. fauriei var. fauriei $H_{ARA}$, V. fauriei form. coreana $H_{ARA}$ and V. fauriei var. dasycarpa $H_{ARA}$, we carried out gas-liquid chromatographical analysis of the volatile oils of these plants and found that camphene, l-bornylacetate, ${\alpha}-pinene,\;{\beta}-pinene$, d,l-limonene, l-borneol and ${\alpha}-kessylacetate$ were common components in their volatile oils. However, their terpenoidal composition was considerably different from ${\alpha}-kessylacetate$ in V. faurie var. fauriei, from kessanol, ledol, kessoglycol and nardol in V. fauriei var. dasycarpa, and from kessoglycoldiacetate, ${\alpha}-kessylalcohol$, faurinone and terpineol in V. faurie form. coreana. It was found by gas-liquid chromatography that the terpenoidal patterns of these Korean valerians were similar to those of Japanish valerians.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the aroma compounds in Korean traditional alcoholic beverages, volatile compounds of the commercial wines, Makgeolli were analyzed and quantified using the conventional method. Eight volatile compounds including three kinds of alcohols, two kinds of organic acids and three kinds of ether were extracted by Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Dichloromethane. For the separation and quantification, Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze these compounds. Also, the separation efficiency of these compounds was performed and compared with GC column. The results of this study were as follows ; Eight kinds of volatile compounds were separated well on the HP-88 column better than on the DB-5MS column. Short chain fatty acids, butyric acid and isovaleric acid were not detected in two brands of makgeolli samples. The higher alcohols were detected in the range of 0.86~225.68 ${\mu}g/mL$ and ethyl esters were detected in the range of 0.86~225.68 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. There compounds are known to be associated with sensory and odorant.