• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1131-1136
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• 2020

Xenon behaves differently in molten salt reactors (MSRs) compared to solid fuel reactors. This behavior needs exploring due to the large reactivity effect of the ¹³⁵Xe isotope, given the current interest in MSR power plant development for commercial deployment. This paper focuses on select topics in xenon transport, reviews relevant past works, and proposes specific research questions to advance the state of the art in each of the focus areas. Specifically, the paper discusses the issue of xenon solubility in MSRs, the behavior of particulates circulating in MSR fuel salt and its influence on the xenon transport, the possibility of ionization of xenon atoms which changes its effective size and thus affects its mass transport, and finally the issue of circulating void fraction and how it is measured. This work presents specific recommendations for MSR designers to research the limits of Henry's law validity, circulating particulate scrubbers, validity of mass transport coefficients in high radiation fields, and the effects of pump speed on circulating void fraction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.555-565
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• 2023

Despite many advantages as structural materials, austenitic stainless steels (SSs) have been avoided in many next generation nuclear systems due to poor void swelling resistance. In this paper, we report the results of heavy ion irradiation to the recently developed advanced radiation resistant austenitic SS (ARES-6P) with nanosized NbC precipitates. Heavy ion irradiation was performed at high temperatures (500 ℃ and 575 ℃) to the damage level of ~200 displacement per atom (dpa). The measured void swelling of ARES-6P was 2-3%, which was considerably less compared to commercial 316 SS and comparable to ferritic martensitic steels. In addition, increment of hardness measured by nano-indentation was much smaller for ARES-6P compared to 316 SS. Though some nanosized NbC precipitates were dissociated under relatively high dose rate (~5.0 × 10^-4 dpa/s), sufficient number of NbC precipitates remained to act as sink sites for the point defects, resulting in such superior radiation resistance.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2023

A series of hydrophobic dodecyl-terminated 6th-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (H)-encapsulated cadmium sulfide ((CdS)_n@H) nanoparticles in a co-solvent (toluene: methanol = 6.8: 3.2 v/v) are synthesized. The diameters of CdS nanoparticles within the dendrimer were estimated by analyzing the positions of the first excitonic absorption peaks of CdS in UV-vis spectra. The size of the CdS nanoparticle within the dendrimer shows a saturation value as the CdS/H ratio (n) increases, which is believed to be due to the limited physical size of the void cavity within the dendrimer. This simple and convenient method of estimating the saturation of the size of CdS in dendrimers may be useful in determining the maximum void space within other dendrimers under various solvent conditions.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2007

The measurement of physical properties such as apparent density and void fraction of tobacco materials, which is so bulky, is a main theme with regard to tobacco process, quality control, cigarette combustion and smoke generation. Except Solution Impregnation Method, there was no alternative method for measuring those properties in the porous material so far. However, experimental processes of that method are so complicated as to cost much time and labor, the main solution such as mercury to apply to the method is usually very hazard. Therefore, we had developed a new method to determine them easily in our other paper by the mathematical equations derived from the Ergun equation for the purpose of it, and then already evaluated our method through applying some basic data from Muramatsu et at. (1979) with regard to our developed equations. Then, we found our method best fit to experimental one (Oh et al., 2001). In this study we tried to establish our method to conveniently determine those physical properties. Especially, we have focused on the development the easy way to measure surface area and the volume of single shred in a tobacco column. As a result of that, we found that the computer image analyzer was best fit for it. Then, we have finally determined apparent density and void fraction for our domestic tobacco shred.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2022

A porous photocatalyst concrete filter was successfully produced to remove NOx, by mixing TiO₂ photocatalyst with lightweight aerated concrete. Ultra Fine Bubbles were used to form continuous pores inside the porous photocatalytic concrete filter, which was mixed via a bubble generation experiment. The optimal mixing condition was determined to be with 4 % of the bubble generation agent B. NO removal specimens were prepared for various photocatalytic loading conditions, and the specimen containing 3 % P-25 removed NO at a concentration of 1.03 µmol in 1 h. The NO removal rate of the porous photocatalytic concrete filter prepared in this study was 10.99 %. This photocatalytic filter performance was more than 9 times the amount of NO removed by a general photocatalytic filter. The porous photocatalyst concrete filter for removing NOx developed in this study can be applied to various construction sites and the air quality can be solved by reducing NOx contributing to the formation of fine particles.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.1379-1387
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• 2017

This paper presents a comparison of homogenization techniques implemented in the APOLLO3 platform for transport core calculations: standard scalar flux weighting and new flux-moment homogenization, in different combinations with (or without) leakage models. Besides the historical B1-homogeneous model, a new B-heterogeneous one has indeed been implemented recently in the two/three-dimensional-transport solver using the method of characteristics. First analyses have been performed on a very simple Sodium Fast Reactor core with a regular hexagonal lattice. They show that using the heterogeneous leakage model in association with flux-moment homogenization strongly improves the prediction of $k_{eff}$ and void reactivity effects. These good results are confirmed when the application is done to the fissile assemblies of the more complex CFV (Low Void Effect) core of the ASTRID (Advanced Sodium Technological Reactor for Industrial Demonstration) project of sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor (Generation IV).

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2004

Conventional method for electrode force application in resistance spot welding(RSW) processes is to use pneumatic cylinder. However, due to its inherent problems in pneumatic power system such as compressibility of air and poor transient response characteristics, new electrode force system with servo control are recently introduced in RSW machine. This machine is called “servogun”. The purpose of this study is to evaluate performance of servogun in case of spot welding of aluminum alloy. Aluminum alloy(A5052) sheets are spot welded using pneumatic gun and servogun. Both results are compared by means of macro cross-section etching test and tensile shear strength test. Numerous previous research have reported nugget with many voids and cracks are not uncommon defects in spot welds with aluminum alloy. The experimental results show similar defects in case of pneumatic gun. In contrast, use of servogun considerably reduced generation of voids and cracks. In case of step-wise increased forging force at the end of welding cycle with servogun, crack-free and void-free nuggets have been observed. The performance of servogun has been also verified by series of tensile shear test. Higher strength values have been achieved with servogun in comparison to that of pneumatic gun.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.119-122
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• 2009

The gravel compaction pile method has been used as a soft foundation improvement method because bearing capacity and discharge capacity is excellent. But the discharge capacity decreased when the clogging was generated because the clay penetrate into a void of gravel compaction pile. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to reduce the clogging generation in gravel compaction pile constructing in the soft ground and take a step to minimize a void of gravel compaction pile. And the proper mixing ratio was determined with the large scale direct shear test performed to get strength and permeability with mixing ratio of crushed stone and sand(100:0, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25). As a result of the test, it was showed that internal friction angle was the highest at 85:15 mixing ratio of crushed stone and sand and we can make sure a tendency of internal friction angle's decrease when the mixing ratio of crushed stone and sand passed 15%.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1027-1033
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• 2010

2상유동(기체-액체) 현상은 전자기발전, 원자력발전, 철강산업 등 유체 시스템에 자주 나타나는 현상으로, 2상유동을 파악하는 것은 유체 시스템의 안정성 및 성능을 위해 중요하다. 2상유동 특성 중 기공률은 압력강하와 열전달 성능을 결정하는 주요 인자로서 이를 측정하는 기술이 특히 중요하다. 유동의 임피던스를 측정하여 기공률을 산정하는 임피던스법은 전기적 특성을 이용하기 때문에 반응속도가 빨라 실시간 측정이 가능하며, 유동관 벽에 전극을 설치할 경우 유동 교란없이 측정할 수 있는 장점이 있다. Coney는 원형관에 적용할 수 있는 ring 임피던스미터를 이론적 연구하였다. 본 연구에서는 Coney가 이론적으로 제안하고 실험적으로 검증하지 못한 3-ring 임피던스미터의 유체 전기전도도에 대한 독립성을 실험적으로 검증하였다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2017

원자로 내 사고발생 시 냉각수의 비등으로 기포가 발생하고, 기포율을 측정하기 위하여 열수력 안전 분야에서는 주로 Optical Fiber Probe(OFP)나 광학 카메라를 이용하여 측정하지만 기하학적 구조의 한계로 인해 $17{\times}17$ 배열의 봉 다발 내에 장비를 설치하는 것에는 어려움이 있다. 본 연구는 예비 연구로서 봉 다발에 적용하기 전 X선 시스템과 다양한 모사 팬텀을 이용하여 연구 가능성 평가를 수행하였다. 라디오그라피 및 토모그라피 실험을 통해 X선 발생 장치의 관전압 130 kVp, 관전류 1 mA가 적합하였다. 또한, 기포 해상도 팬텀을 통해 가시적으로 1 mm 크기의 구멍에 대해 측정이 가능하였으며 막대 팬텀을 이용한 대조도 평가의 경우 프레온 내부에서 대조도가 상대적으로 떨어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 영상 재구성 시 일그러짐이 없는 좋은 영상을 획득할 수 있었다. 기포 발생 팬텀 실험을 통해 기포의 유동 방향 확인 및 단층 영상을 획득할 수 있었고, Image J 툴을 이용하여 하나의 단층영상에 대해 18 %의 기포율을 측정할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 핵연료 주변 기포율 측정을 위한 선행 연구를 수행하였고 지속적인 연구를 위한 기초 연구로서 활용할 수 있을 것이다.