• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.406-412
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• 2017

Vocalizations of the common dolphin Delphinus Delphis, were recorded from a single hydrophone while coastal visual survey was performed in the East Sea in March 2017. Like most Delphinidae, common dolphins produce whistles, echolocation clicks, and burst-pulsed calls, with repertoires that differ between species and geographically separated populations. This study focuses on using frequency analysis to classify sounds into three categories and to compare them with those of other common dolphin populations. The fundamental frequencies of the whistles were high in the 6 to 14 kHz range, while echolocation clicks were in the 40 to 90 kHz frequency band. These results are similar to high-energy distributions in the same frequency band in other regions. Based on this study of the acoustic characteristics of dolphins off the east coast of Korea, cetacean vocalizations can be classified using a database of cetacean sounds in Korea. In addition, this technique could improve data quality for visual whale surveys and could be applied to various other research subjects.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.603-608
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• 2024

최근 개발자 채용 과정에서 컴퓨터 공학 기술 면접을 진행하는 빈도가 증가하였고 그에 따라 면접자의 기술 면접 부담도 함께 증가하였다. 그러나 컴퓨터 공학 기술 면접 연습 과정에서 본인의 답변이 정확한 답변인지 판단하기 어렵고, 적절한 발성 속도를 스스로 측정하기 어려운 문제가 있다. 이 논문에서는 유사도 측정 기술을 이용한 컴퓨터 공학 기술 면접 지원 시스템을 제시한다. 제시된 시스템은 면접자의 답변을 코사인 유사도를 사용해 문장 유사도 평가 절차를 거쳐 면접자가 대답한 답변의 기술적 정확도를 측정한다. 또한 발성 속도를 측정하여 면접자에게 제공한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제18B권6호
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• pp.389-396
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• 2011

현대 사회에서 식습관의 변화, 스트레스, 음주 등으로 인해 다양한 간 질환이 발생되거나 악화되어 가고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 간 질환이 음성에 미치는 영향을 연구하여 간 질환을 조기에 진단할 수 있는 방법론을 제안하였다. 이를 위해 간 질환자를 대상으로 입원했을 때와 치료로 인해 정상적으로 퇴원했을 때의 음성을 각각 수집하여 음성 분석 요소를 적용한 실험을 수행하였다. 특히, 한의학적으로 간(肝)과 관련 있는 발음인 아음(牙音)에 대한 분석 실험으로 제3포먼트 주파수 대역폭과 발음 요소값을 적용한 실험을 수행하였으며 이를 통해 간 질환이 공명강과 발성에 미치는 영향을 객관적 지표로 출력하는 연구를 행하였다. 또한 실험 결과를 기반으로 u-Health 환경에서 간 기능을 모니터링하는 시스템 설계에 관한 연구를 수행하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.2203-2208
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• 2011

턱관절의 물리치료를 통한 훈련으로 모음 조음에 관여하는 구강 공명강을 증가시켜, 턱관절의 정상적인 발성패턴을 유지하도록 하여 턱관절장애 환자의 모음의 음향학적 특성 변화를 보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 턱관절장애로 진단 받은 3명의 20~30대 성인 남자를 대상으로 하였다. 실험방법은 대상자간 중다기초선 설계를 이용하여 기초선 단계, 치료 단계, 유지 단계로 진행하였다. 치료는 한 회기를 30분으로 하여 주 3회 실시하였고 3회기를 한 평가단위로 5회의 중간평가를 실시하였다. 평가방법은 Praat 음성 분석프로그램을 이용하여 /ㅏ/ 모음의 연장 발성에 대한 제 1포먼트 주파수(F1), 제 2포먼트 주파수(F2) 그리고 기본주파수(F0)를 분석하였다. 물리치료를 통한 훈련 프로그램을 실시한 결과 턱관절장애 환자의 제 1포먼트 주파수(F1), 제 2포먼트 주파수(F2) 그리고 기본주파수(F0)는 치료 전 보다 증가하는 변화를 보였고, 이는 모음의 개구도와 관계된 제 1 포먼트 주파수(F1) 뿐만 아니라 모음의 전후설, 성대의 움직임과 관련이 있는 제 2포먼트 주파수(F2) 그리고 기본주파수(F0)의 변화도 함께 보임으로써 턱관절과 모음 및 음성 산출의 연관성을 보여주었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.322-332
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• 2023

Objective: We determined the impact of maintaining pasture-based dairy cows and calves together over 100 days on cow milk production, cow and calf behavior, and calf liveweight and carcass quality. Methods: Six Holstein-Friesian cows and their male calves were monitored for 106±8.6 days. Cows were temporarily separated twice a day for milking with calves remaining in the paddock. Cow and calf behaviors were recorded via scan sampling at 6 different timepoints, for the first 7 days and twice a week thereafter. Calves were weighed weekly and immediately processed for meat quality and rumen development analysis at 106±8.6 days. Daily cow milk yields were collected from enrollment until 109±8.6 days (3 days post-weaning). Results: The average daily gain of calves was 1.4±0.73 kg/d, with an average carcass dressing percentage of 59%. Calves had the greatest frequency of observed close proximity to cow and suckling in the first two weeks and decreased with experiment duration. During separation for milking, cow vocalizations and attempts to return to their calf decreased over time. Reticulorumen weight was on target for calf age, but as a proportion of total stomach weight was lower than industry averages of calves the same age due to the larger abomasum. Cows produced an average of 12±7.6 kg of milk yield per day over the 3-days before the calves were weaned and increased to mean of 31±8.3 kg/d the 3 days after weaning, indicating a consumption of close to 20 kg per calf per day. Conclusion: The impact of a pasture-based cow-calf rearing system on cow and calf behavior and the potential for high levels of calf liveweight gain when provided ad-libitum milk and feed were determined. Further research is required to determine the practicality of replicating such systems with large herds and impact on reared calves post-weaning.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2024

Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is a rare X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with abnormal thyroid function caused by mutation in the solute carrier family 16 member 2 (SLC16A2) gene. Clinical manifestations of AHDS are global or axial hypotonia, a variety of movement disorders, severe intellectual disability, quadriplegia or spastic diplegia, growth failure, and seizures. A 10-year-old boy visited our hospital with the chief complaint of newly onset generalized tonic seizures with vocalization of weekly to daily frequency. He showed early infantile hypotonia, severe intellectual disability, and frequent respiratory infections. He could not walk independently and was non-verbal. Electroencephalogram revealed generalized slow spike and waves with multifocal spikes and slow background rhythms. His tonic seizures were controlled with more than two anti-seizure medications (ASMs). At 11 years of age, he was evaluated for thyroid function as part of regular screening for ASM maintenance and was found to have abnormal thyroid function. We performed whole exome sequencing for severe global developmental delay, drug-resistant epilepsy, and abnormal thyroid function. The hemizygous c.940C>T (p.Arg314Ter) variant in the SLC16A2 gene (NM_006517.5) was identified and confirmed based on Sanger sequencing. Herein, we describe a case of an AHDS patient with late-onset drug-resistant epilepsy combined with congenital hypotonia, global developmental delay, and abnormal thyroid function results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the oldest adolescent among AHDS cases reported in Korea. In this report, clinical characteristics of a mid-adolescence patient with AHDS were presented.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

There are three sorts of voices of female vocalists: soprano, mezzo-soprano, and contralto according to the transliteration. Among them, the soprano has the highest vocal range. Since the voice is generated through the human vocal tract based on the voice generation model, it is greatly influenced by the vocal tract. The structure of vocal organs differs from person to person, and the formants characteristic of vocalization differ accordingly. The formant characteristic refers to a characteristic in which a specific frequency band appears distinctly due to resonance occurring in each vocal tract in the vocal process. Formant characteristics include personality that occurs in the throat, jaw, lips, and teeth, as well as phonological properties of phonemes. The first formant is the throat, the second formant is the jaw, the third formant and the fourth formant are caused by the resonance phenomenon in the lips and the teeth. Among them, pronunciation is influenced not only by phonological information but also by jaws, lips and teeth. When the mouth is small or the jaw is stiff when pronouncing, pronunciation becomes unclear. Therefore, the higher the accuracy of the pronunciation characteristics, the more clearly the formant characteristics appear in the grammar spectrum. However, many soprano singers can not open their mouths because their jaws, lips, teeth, and facial muscles are rigid to maintain high tones when singing, which makes the pronunciation unclear and thus the formant characteristics become unclear. In this paper, in order to confirm the accuracy of the pronunciation characteristics of soprano singers, the experimental group was selected as the soprano singers A, B, C, D, E of Korea and analyzed the grammar spectrum and conducted the MOS test for pronunciation recognition. As a result, soprano singer B showed a clear recognition from F1 to F5 and MOS test result showed the highest recognition rate with 4.6 points. Soprano singers A, C, and D appear from F1 to F3, but it was difficult to find formants above 2kHz. Finally, the soprano singer E had difficulty in finding the formant as a whole, and MOS test showed the lowest recognition rate at 2.1 points. Therefore, we confirmed that the soprano singer B, which exhibits the most distinct formant characteristics in the grammar spectrum, has the best pronunciation accuracy.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2021

Background and Objectives During speech, the vocal folds oscillate at frequencies ranging from 100-200 Hz with amplitudes of a few millimeters. Mechanical stimulation is an essential factor which affects metabolism of human vocal folds. The effect of mechanical vibration on the cellular response in the human vocal fold fibroblasts cells (hVFFs) was evaluated. Materials and Method We created a culture systemic device capable of generating vibratory stimulations at human phonation frequencies. To establish optimal cell culture condition, cellular proliferation and viability assay was examined. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess extracellular matrix (ECM) related and growth factors expression on response to changes in vibratory frequency and amplitude. Western blot was used to investigate ECM and inflammation-related transcription factor activation and its related cellular signaling transduction pathway. Results The cell viability was stable with vibratory stimulation within 24 h. A statistically significant increase of ECM genes (collagen type I alpha 1 and collagen type I alpha 2) and growth factor [transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1)] observe under the experimental conditions. Vibratory stimulation induced transcriptional activation of NF-κB by phosphorylation of p65 subunit through cellular Mitogen-activated protein kinases activation by extracellular signal regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation on hVFFs. Conclusion This study confirmed enhancing synthesis of collagen, TGF-β1 and FGF was testified by vibratory stimulation on hVFFs. This mechanism is thought to be due to the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that vibratory bioreactor may be a suitable alternative to hVFFs for studying vocal folds cellular response to vibratory vocalization.