• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2019

본 연구는 성악 발성에서 나타나는 레가토(legato) 기법 연구를 통해 레가토에 영향을 미치는 3가지 요소를 분석하고 레가토 발성의 향상을 위한 효과적인 방법을 제시한다. 이를 위해 사례분석법과 귀납대비법을 활용한다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결론은 첫째, 성악가의 발성 기술 측면에서, 호흡 문제, 발음 문제, 음역대 문제를 해결한다면 원활하게 레가토에 이를 수 있게 되고, 이를 통해 성악가의 레가토 발성 기술이 향상될 수 있다. 둘째, 성악가의 발성 언어의 측면에서, 성악 언어의 발음과 구조의 특징을 심도있게 분석하여 언어적 차원의 레가토를 이룰 수 있다면, 이를 통해 성악가가 발성 언어를 더욱 깊이 이해할 수 있다. 셋째, 성악가의 발성 감정의 측면에서, 사상과 정서의 두 방면에서 감정과 관련된 문제를 해결하여 레가토에 이를 수 있다면, 이를 통해 작품에 대한 성악가의 이해도가 높아질 수 있다. 종합해보면 레가토는 성악가의 발성 기술, 발성 언어, 발성 감정에 따라 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 연구를 통해 성악가들이 성악 발성에서의 레가토의 중요성을 심도있게 이해하여, 발성 과정에서 레가토를 더욱 효과적으로 활용하기를 기대한다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : The complex physiologic structure of the larynx can vibrate in three or more different ways that yield acuostically and perceptually distinct vocal quality. The purpose of this study is to examine the normal range of voice parameters in Multi-Channel Phonatory Function Analyzer and investigate the difference of voice parameters according to the phonatory patterns. Materials and Methods : Forty normal adult speakers (20 men and 20 women) with age ranging from third to forth decades pronounce low, comfortable, and high tone /a/ ; comfortable tone /${\ae}$/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ : fry, falsetto. Voice was analyzed by Newly developed multi-channel phonatory function analyzer. Results : The normal range of voice parameters in this system was similar to the existing data. Fry shows high jitter and falsetto low SQ. Fry and falsetto show low OQ in men but no difference in women. Jitter, OQ and SQ were different between men and women in modal register, whereas there was no gender difference in fry and falsetto. In frequency magnitude spectrum and EGG, modal register, fry and falsetto have distinguishing pattern. Conclusions : Modal register, fry and falsetto are distinguishable in voice parameters and show different vibratory patterns.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

본 연구는 53명의 음성장애 성인 여성과 53명의 정상음성 성인 여성의 진성구와 가성구 음역대 및 진성구-가성구 성구전환이 발생하는 구간을 비교하였다. 최고기본주파수(F0_MAX), 최고음성강도(I_MAX), 기본주파수범위(F0_RANGE) 및 음성강도범위(I_RANGE) 모두 음성장애군이 정상음성군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 두 집단 모두 F0_MAX와 F0_RANGE가 진성구에 비해 가성구가 유의하게 높았다. I_MAX와 I_RANGE는 정상음성군에서 가성구가 진성구보다 유의하게 높았으나 음성장애군은 진성구와 가성구 간에 차이가 없었다. F0_MIN과 I_MIN은 두 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 진성구-가성구 성구전환이 발생하는 지점의 주파수는 음성장애군은 378.86Hz(F4#), 정상음성군은 557.79Hz(C5#)로 음성장애군이 유의하게 낮았다. 본 연구를 통해 음성장애가 있는 성인 여성의 진성구와 가성구 음역대 모두 정상음성 성인 여성에 비해 감소하여 성대가 고주파수에서 진동하기 어렵다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구결과는 성인 여성 음성장애 화자의 진성구와 가성구의 VRP를 함께 살펴봄으로써 음성장애가 미치는 음향학적 특성을 파악하기 위한 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.475-476
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• 2007

Electroglottography (EGG) is a technique used to register laryngeal behavior indirectly by a measuring the change in electrical impedance across the throat during speaking. However, EGG waveform is affected by laryngeal muscles which fluctuate the vocal cords, and which result in baseline wander. It is required to reduce baseline wander in EGG waveform, because EGG waveform is used for input signal of nonlinear speech synthesizer in next chapter. In vocal cords, the abduction-adduction of glottis is mainly controlled by the posterior cricoarytenoid (abductor) and interarytenoid (adductor) muscles respectively. Empirical Mode Decomposition method was adopted in cancellation of EGG waveform baseline wandering, and showd better performance than that of high pass filter with 500 order.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성언어의학회 2002년도 제16회 학술대회
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• pp.75-82
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• 2002

Botulinum toxin-A, a neurotoxin derived from Clostridia Botulinum, has been injected into the laryngeal muscle(s) for the treatment of the spasmodic dysphonia at the Voice Clinic, Yonsei Institute of Logopedics and phoniatrics since December 1995. We analyzed 355 patients with spasmodic dysphonia, using Botox register review. In the 355 patients, female is 86.8%. male is 13.2%. 305 patients (85.9%) had adductor type of spasmodic dysphonia and 35 patients (9.9%) were vocal tremor type and 15 patients were abduction and mixed type. Botulinum toxin type-A (Botox) injection using EMG was most frequently conducted as 587 cases, comparing with flexible nasopharyngoscopy gudied injection (68cases) and tele- laryn-goscopy guided injection (31cases). In the respect of frequency of Botox injection, 137 patients(38.6%) were injected one time but 1 patient was injected 17times. The mean dose of Botox is 6.2U. Clinically, initial dose of Botulinum toxin-A was high dose (7-8U) but current dose is small dose (3U). And the mean duration of Botox injection is 6.4 month. In conclusion, to optimize effect of the treatment for spasmodic dysphonia, Botulinum toxin-A injection is combined with voice therapy.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2002

It's not easy to produce very high tones during singing for not only untrained ordinary people but also even trained singers. To get high singing tones from the low tones, some trained singers used to use a distinguished singing technique, Passaggio (vocal register transition). The purpose of this study is to compare several voice parameters variation between when to sing with using the passaggio technique and to sing without using it. We selected 18 male singers (tenor 8, baritone 10), who had more than 7 years of experience and were well trained in passaggio technique. Simultaneous measurements of fundamental frequency (F0), mean flow rate (MFR), intensity (I), and subglottal pressure (Psub) were performed using the phonatory function analyzer (Nagashima). For the tenor, target tones /a/ were presented: 1) easy phonation: $B_{2}$, 2) high tone without passaggio: F$#_{3}$ 3) high tone with passaggio: F$#_{3}$. For the baritone, target tones /a/ were presented: 1) easy phonation: G$#_{3}$, 2) high tone without passaggio: D$#_{3}$, 3) high tone with passaggio: D$#_{3}$. F0 of the target tones between non-passaggio group and passaggio group was almost the same in both tenor and baritone groups. Intensity of the non-passaggio and passaggio vocalization was much louder than that of easy phonation and pasaggio was louder than non-passaggio vocalization (especially statistically significant in baritone singers). MFR of the passaggio vocalization was greater than non-passaggio vocalization in both tenor and baritone group, but statistically significant only in baritone. Psub of the passaggio vocalization was greater than that of the non-passaggio vocalization in both tenor and baritone group, but statistically not significant in tenor.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : It has been pointed out that alcohol intake in human beings induces changes in voice register and maximum phonation time. These changes supposedly result from injection of the vibratory vocal folds. The purpose of this study was to clarify the voice changes associated with alcohol intake and the changes of laryngeal mucosa. Materials and Methods : The subjects included 29 volunteers, including 20 men and 9 women ranging in age from 22 to 31 years. Alcohol intake was accomplished by oral administration of 23% soju 1 bottle (255cc). Serum alcohol concentration levels were evaluated hourly for 3 h after ingestion of alcohol. Seven measurements were performed at pre-alcohol intake and post-alcohol intake hourly : fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio as the acoustic analysis, maximal phonation time, mean flow rate, and subglottal pressure as the aerodynamic analysis. The changes of laryngeal mucosa were evaluated by flexible laryngoscope at each measurement. Results : By comparing the acoustic and aerodynamic data and laryngeal mucosa before and after alcohol intake, there were not remarkable changes (p>0.05). Conclusion : The voice and laryngeal mucosa have not remarkably changed according to alcohol concentration in this study. Furthermore studies on the voice change induced by multiple alcohol concentrations are required.