• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2009

Background and Objectives: Intracordal cysts may occur secondary to voice abuse and overuse or may be secondary to a remnant of epithelium trapped within the lamina propria. They may occur spontaneously or may be associated with poor vocal hygiene. As the cyst enlarges it can start to significantly affect the vibratory region of the vocal fold. With the advancement of the microsurgical technique and the laryngeal stroboscopy, correct diagnosis of intracordal cyst have been increased. The aims of this study is to review the important clinical characteristics of the intracordal cyst. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 212 cases of the intracordal cysts were treated by the microsurgical technique. These lesions were diagnosed before the operation with indirect laryngoscopy, laryngeal endoscopy, laryngeal stroboscopy and confirmed with the findings observed during operations and the results of the biopsies. Results : The intracordal cysts were 212 cases in the 4,20 I patients who underwent laryngeal microsurgery (5.04%). Ductal cysts were 156 cases and epidermoid cysts were 56 cases. The lesions are more frequent in women and anterior third of true vocal cord is more frequently involved site. With the preoperative laryngoscopic examination, the intracordal cysts were mostly misdiagnosed as other disease of the vocal cord such as vocal polyps or nodules. And main cause of intracordal cysts was thought of vocal abuse. From view of the surgical approach, Ductal cysts was difficult to remove completely than epidermoid cyst without cystic wall rupture. Conclusion : Intracordal cysts are very similar to the other mucosal disorders of the vocal cord and it may be misdiagnosed as vocal polyps or nodules, frequently. Therefore careful preoperative examinations for the vocal cord lesions with stroboscopy and other endoscopic instruments are important part of the correct diagnosis. An ideal treatment is enucleation of the cysts without rupture of the cystic wall or injury of the lamina propria. And marsupialization is meaningful to ductal cyst that cannot be enucleated completely.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.164-169
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• 1999

Background and Objectives : The intracordal cysts are more increasingly diagnosed and treated due to advanced laryngeal stroboscopy and laryngeal microsurgical technique. The intracordal cysts are frequently misdiagnosed as vocal polyp or nodule The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical features of intracordal cysts. Materials and Methods : In the present series, 83 cases of the intracordal cysts treated with laryngeal microsurgery are reported. The intracordal cysts are diagnosed preoperatively with indirect laryngoscopy, laryngeal endoscopy, laryngeal stroboscopy and confirmed with laryngeal microsurgical findings and biopsies. Results : Intracordal cysts are 83 of 1900 patients treated with laryngeal microsurgery(4.4%)-ductal cysts are 56 cases and epidermoid cysts are 27 cases. Intracordal cysts are more frequent in women, forties and the frequent site is an anterior third of the true vocal cord. With the indirect laryngoscopic examination, the ductal cysts are frequently misdiagnosed as vocal polyps or nodules but the epidermoid cysts are relatively easily diagnosed. The etiologic factors of the intracordal cysts are suspected as voice abuse and upper respiratory infection. The degree of postoperative voice satisfaction is similar to that of the vocal polyps. Conclusion : Intracordal cysts are frequently misdiagnosed as polyps or nodules, therefore preoperative stroboscopic findings and laryngeal microsurgical findings is important. An ideal treatment is to enucleate the cysts avoiding rupture of cyst and injury of lamina propria of the vocal cord.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.9.1-10
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• 1981

The clinical study of 183 cases of laryngeal mass was observed and 88 cases of vocal nodule and polyp which is confirmed histopathologically, were clinically classified into 30 cases of vocal nodule, 48 cases of localized vocal polyp, 10 cases of diffuse vocal polyp, and the following results of microscopic examination were obtained. I. The clinical study of laryngeal mass 1. Among total cases of 183, vocal nodule is 82(45%) vocal polyp 53(29%) postintubation granuloma 3(1%) laryngeal papilloma 18(10%) tuberculosis 2(1%) cancer 25(14%). 2. The sex ratio of male to female is 3:4 in vocal nodule, 1:1 in vocal polyp, 1:2 in postintubation granuloma, 3:2 in laryngeal papilloma, 11:1 in cancer. 3. The age distribution is third-fourth decade in vocal nodule, fourth-fifth decade in vocal polyp, third decade in postintubation granuloma, second and fifth decade in laryngeal tuberculosis, sixth decade in laryngeal cancer. 4. The distribution of symptoms is 5 month. -1 year in vocal nodule and polyp, less than 1 year in laryngeal papilloma and postintubation granuloma, 1 year-3 year in laryngeal tuberculosis and cancer. 5. The location of the lesion is between the anterior 1/3 and middle 1/3 in vocal nodule and polyp and papilloma, middle 1/3 and posterior 1/3 in postintubation granuloma, and is diffusely spread on the entire vocal cord in laryngeal tuberculosis and cancer. 6. The side of the lesion is bilateral in vocal nodule and papilloma and the ratio of right to left is 5:3 in vocal polyp, 2:1 in postintubation granuloma. 7. The size is 1~2mm(67%) in vocal nodule, 3~5mm(42%) in vocal polyp, 6~10mm (67%) in postintubation granuloma, 1~2mm (39%) in papilloma, more than 10mm in tuberculosis and cancer. 8. Among the symptoms, the hoarseness is in more than 90% of disease entity, the sore-throat in tuberculosis and cancer, the dyspnea in postintubation granuloma and papilloma and tuberculosis and cancer. 9. In the past history, certain relationship with smoking is noted in cancer (40%) and tuberculosis(50%) and the history of frequent attack of URI is in papilloma(33%). 10. In occupation, certain statistical significance was not noted. II. The histopathological study of vocal nodule and polyp. 1. Most polyps and nodules were covered with stratified squamous epithelium, but focal hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis and atrophy were rather frequently observed. Hyperkeratosis and acanthosis was most frequently seen.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1978.06a
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• pp.6.4-7
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• 1978

The author has experienced 50 cases of vocal nodules and polyps in our department for 3 years from May 1974 to April 1977. These nodules were removed out with laryngeal forcep under indirect laryngoscopy and maximum phonation time and timbre of the voice were analyzed before and after operation. Very shortened phonation time of the patient with vocal nodule has returned to normal range (Male : 30 seconds, Female: 20 seconds) and the voice timbre has recovered to almost normal voice postoperatively. The author has made a brief literature review.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.22-25
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• 2007

Background and Objectives: Biomedical signals have been usually used for the diagnosis of the laryngeal function such as speech, electroglottograph(EGG), airflow and other signals. But, in most cases these signals were analysed separately. Here, we propose a new interchannel parameter Glottal Closure Delay Ratio(GCDR) which is estimated from speech and EGG measured simultaneously. Materials and Method: Speech and EGG signal were recorded simultaneously from 13 normal subjects, 39 patients. The patients' data included 16 polyps and 23 vocal folds palsy. Time difference between glottal closing instance on EGG and the first maximum peak on speech in a pitch period was calculated. Glottal closing instance was defined as the maximum peak on the first derivative of EGG signal(dEGG). Results: The standard deviation and jitter were calculated using 20-30 GCDRs extracted from each data, and they are significant different between normal and vocal fold paralysis group. Conclusion: The GCDR may be the first index reflecting speech and EGG characteristics and the perturbation of this parameter was significant different between normal and vocal fold paralysis group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.112-120
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• 2010

Transoral $CO_2$ laser microsurgery has been widely used for various laryngeal diseases. Laser cordectomy for the management of early laryngeal carcinoma has advantages with regards to oncologic results, preservation of laryngeal functions, morbidity and cost in comparison to those of open surgery or radiation therapy. $CO_2$ laser is also applicable to benign vocal fold lesions such as nodules, polyps, cysts, reinke's edema, granulomas, papillomas, hemangiomas and glottis webs. $CO_2$ laser is suitable for microsurgery because it has small focus size and hemostatic effect. We should also recognize the risks of $CO_2$ laser for safe use.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2002

The objectives of this Paper is to implement a diagnostic classifier of differential laryngeal diseases from acoustic signals acquired in a noisy room. For this Purpose, the voice signals of the vowel /a/ were collected from Patients in a soundproof chamber and got mixed with noise. Then, the acoustic Parameters were analyzed, and hierarchical neural networks were applied to the data classification. The classifier had a structure of five-step hierarchical neural networks. The first neural network classified the group into normal and benign or malign laryngeal disease cases. The second network classified the group into normal or benign laryngeal disease cases The following network distinguished polyp. nodule. Palsy from the benign laryngeal cases. Glottic cancer cases were discriminated into T1, T2. T3, T4 by the fourth and fifth networks All the neural networks were based on multilayer perceptron model which classified non-linear Patterns effectively and learned by an error back-propagation algorithm. We chose some acoustic Parameters for classification by investigating the distribution of laryngeal diseases and Pilot classification results of those Parameters derived from MDVP. The classifier was tested by using the chosen parameters to find the optimum ones. Then the networks were improved by including such Pre-Processing steps as linear and z-score transformation. Results showed that 90% of T1, 100% of T2-4 were correctly distinguished. On the other hand. 88.23% of vocal Polyps, 100% of normal cases. vocal nodules. and vocal cord Paralysis were classified from the data collected in a noisy room.