• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.263-269
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• 1998

This study was investigated to see the microbiological results(total plate counts, coliforms) and vitamin C contents in cooking five kinds of raw and cooked vegetables, contributing to a data base for making better environment for foodservice, dividing cooking methods into two ways which was generally used at industrial foodservice institutions. Namul and Saengchae, especially Radish Saengchae, seasoned with red pepper powder after seasoning showed higher level of total plate counts and coliforms than guide line. After holding, just before serving, most Namul and Saengchae, except Bean sprout Muchim, showed higher microbiological level than guide line, Saengchae seasoned with soybean, salt, and red pepper paste and Radish Saengchae seasoned with salt and vinegar showed high level of vitamin C remaining rate. By the result of this study, better sanitary treatment and scientific cooking method is demanded when Namuls of Saenchaes are prepared with served in industrial foodservice institutions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 1973

This study is concerned with the nutritional status of the packed lunch boxes which are brought by the junior high school students in Capital City of Seoul. Four hundred and eights students of the 8 school districts in Seoul had been randomly selected as subjects. The contained nutrients in the packed lunch were analysed by the Food Composition Table. To observe the influence of home economical status and mother's educational level on the nutrient concents of packed lunches, the chosen subjects were classified into three large groupings, which are upper, middle and low classes respectively. In addition, comparison between the Recommended Daily Allowanced for Korean people-13 to 15 age group-and the contained nutrients in the lunch boxed had been conducted. T-test was applied to clarify the significance of the differences between each group both economical and educational level. 1. The averaged rations between the Recommended Daily Allowances and the contained nutrients in the lunches stand: Calorie 59.7% (566 Cal.) protein 53.1% (18g), animal protein 48.6% (5g), fat 39.8% (5g), calcium 371.% (0.1g), ferret 66.4% (2.9g) Vitamin A 642 1.U. (31.3%), Vitamin $B_1$ 70.2% (0.3mg), Vitamin $B_2$ 41.4% (0.2g), Niacin 77.0%(4mg), Vitamin C 51.9% (13mg). All of the nctrients fall far behind the Recommended Daily, Allowances for 13 to 15 age group. 2. Home economical status brings influence on the kinds of foods which could been. Protein, animal protein, fat, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C showed significance of diffierences between the upper and middle classes. Between the middle and low classes, Protein, animal protein, fat, calcium and Vitamin C showed significance of difference. And finally, between the upper and low classes, protein, fat, calcium, ferret, Vitamin $B_2$ and Vitamin C showed a great significance. 3. Regardless to the living conditions of the subject students, all the nutrients of the lunches packed by the mothers in the entire educational levels did not reach the Recommended Daily Allowances. Protein, animal protein, fat, ferret, Vitamin A, and Niacin showed the significance of the differences between the upper and middle classes. On the other hand, calorie, animal protein, fat, Vitamin A and Vitamin C showed the significance between the middle and low classes. Between the upper and the low classes, protein, animal protein, fat, and ferret showed significance. 4. The mairdish-ice of the lunch boxes supplied calorie, protein, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$ and Niacin which stand at 83.8%, 56.1%, 52.5%, and 54.8% respectivly when compared with the whole nutritional contents. 5. The side-dishes of the packed lunch lack in variety of cooking methods. One interesting fact is that entire subject students are very favorable to the food cooked with every kind of grains.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 1988

This study was done to determine the effect of antioxidants added perilla oil diet on the content of cholesterol, vitamin E, and lipid peroxide in serum and tissue of rats. Four groups of experimental diets, such none added perilla oil diet, ascorbic acid added perilla oil diet, vitamin E added perilla oil diet, EDTA added perilla oil diet were fed ad libitum to the 4 weeks white male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain. The results obtained are summarized as follow: 1) The body weight gain in all experimental diet groups was higher than the control gorup and EDTA added diet group was lower than the other experimental diet group, while food intake in vitamin E added diet group was the highest and vitamin C added diet group was the lowest in the control group. 2) Total cholesterol levels in serum of all experimental diet groups were lower than that of the control group and especially the level of total cholesterol in none added diet group and vitamin C added diet group were significantly lower than that of control group. 3) HDL-cholesterol levels of all experimental diet groups were lower than that of the control group and especially none added diet group was significantly lower than that of control group. 4) The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in serum of all experimental diet group except EDTA added diet group were higher than that of the control group and especially none added diet group was significanly higher than that of the control group. The activites of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum of all experimental diet groups except vitamin C added group were higher than that of control group. 5) Vitamin E levels in serum of none added diet group and vitamin C added diet group were lower than that of the control group and vitamin E added diet group and EDTA added diet group were higher than that of the control group. 6) Vitamin E levels in liver of all experimental diet groups were higher than that of control group and especially none added diet group and vitamin E added diet group were significantly higher than that of the control group. 7) Lipid peroxide in serum of all experimental diet group were lower than that of control group and especially EDTA added diet group. 8) Lipid peroxide in liver and spleen of all experimental diet groups were higher than that of the control group and lipid peroxide in kidney of all experimental diet groups except EDTA added diet group were higher than that of the control group. Four these results, as vitamin C, vitamin E and EDTA added diets have an effect to lipid peroxide by antioxidants, it could be suggested that perilla oil diet has required to add antioxidant because it has not sufficient vitamin E for antioxidant and intake and overtake level of perilla oil diet should be studied to go ahead.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1482-1489
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• 2010

This study aimed to determine the effects of vitamin C and propolis-supplemented feeds on some blood parameters, lipid peroxidation, and activities of some antioxidant enzymes in broilers exposed to oxidative stress. 360 three-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly divided into four treatment groups each containing 90 animals, including six replicate groups for each treatment. The experimental groups were designated for a 3-42 days period as follows: no supplement to basal ration (Control-Group I); supplement of 500 ppm vitamin C and 200 ppm lead (as lead acetate) to basal ration (Group II); supplement of 1 g/kg propolis and 200 ppm lead (as lead acetate) to basal ration (Group III); and supplement of 200 ppm lead (as lead acetate) to basal ration (Group IV). The highest TG level (86.83 mg/dl) was observed in the lead supplemented group; however, the lowest aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) level (90.71 IU/L) was observed in the control group (p<0.05). The addition of lead increased the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level (p<0.01) compared to other treatments. However, the addition of vitamin C and propolis decreased the plasma MDA level close to control levels. The highest erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in the lead addition group (p<0.01) while no significant differences were observed for SOD activities of the control, vitamin C +lead, and propolis+lead groups. The plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) activity of the control ($2.30{\mu}mol$/ml) was significantly lower than the lead administered group ($6.20{\mu}mol$/ml) (p<0.01); while this parameter was determined to be similar to other groups. No significant differences were observed between groups for liver GSH activity, but heart GSH activity of the control was significantly higher in comparison to other treatments (p<0.05). To obtain similar antioxidant effects, it is recommend that using propolis (1 g/kg) and vitamin C (500 mg/kg) supplementation in broiler diets may overcome the adverse effects of oxidative stress originating from dietary lead.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.511-518
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• 2010

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is defined as the onset of allergic symptoms during, or immediately after, exercise, the clinical signs being various degrees of urticaria, angioedema, respiratory and gastrointestinal signs, and even anaphylactic shock. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a specific variant of exercise-induced anaphylaxis that requires both vigorous physical activity and the ingestion of specific foods within the preceding several hours. To describe the physiopathologic mechanism, etiologic factors, and clinical manifestations, we evaluated the supplementation of vitamin C and catalase on spleen index, proliferation assay, ROS, and ASAS in sensitized and exercise trained mice. The results were as follows: Spleen index showed the highest level in the ST12 group compared to other groups; this level increased in a time dependent manner and in significant amounts. In proliferation assay of Med and OVA, the ST12 group showed the highest level compared to other groups; this level also increased in a time dependent manner. On the other hand, spleen ROS did not show a statistically significant difference, and peritoneal ROS showed the highest level in the ST12 group. ASAS showed the highest level in the ST12 compared to the S; this was also in a time dependent manner and in significant amounts. From the results, we chose the ST9 and ST12 groups to evaluate allergy anaphylaxis with supplementation of Vitamin C and catalase. In both the ST9 and ST12 groups, peritoneal ROS and ASAS were lower in vitamin C treatment group than in the catalase treatment group. This was a statistically significant difference. From the results, allergy anaphylaxis showed a higher level in the long trained group than in the short trained group. Also, treatment with vitamin C was more effective in lowering allergy anaphylaxis than catalase treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2011

Osteocalcin (OC), a marker of bone turnover, displays patterns in relation to physiological and genetic factors. Here, we present an association study in a population of Chinese Holstein cattle (n = 24) with OC serum concentration as a phenotypic trait. We hypothesised that OC status is associated with phylogeny, vitamin D serum level and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used as an unlinked marker to examine phylogeny and linkage to measured phenotypic traits of vitamin D and OC status. Following an association study with OC serum variability as the trait, genotyping of SNPs (n = 27) in OC-related genes was performed. Candidate SNPs were chosen in genes with an emphasis on the vitamin D and vitamin K pathways. Multivariant factor analysis revealed a correlation between vitamin D serum concentration and a SNP in the gene GC (rs43338565), which encodes a vitamin D-binding protein, as well as between a SNP in NFATc1 (rs42038422) and OC concentration. However, univariate analysis revealed that population structure, vitamin D serum levels and SNPs were not significant determinants of OC status in the studied group.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2016

Vitamin D plays a vital role in maintaining blood concentrations of Ca and P. In lipid metabolism, vitamin D is also known to negatively affect the development of adipocytes, but it has received little attention with regard to improve marbling score in beef cattle via restricting its supply. Recently, the method of feeding fat soluble vitamins(including vitamin D)-deficient diets in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) has been spread by feed companies and TMR plants. But proper guidelines in feeding vitamin D-deficient diets should be provided, otherwise it can adversely affect the health of cattle. To maximize marbling score, a controlled level of vitamin D in blood needs to be maintained and the proper period for feeding vitamin D-deficient diets should be provided. This review was conducted to highlight the regulatory effects of vitamins D on adipocyte differentiation, and provide information on improving beef quality grades in relation to feeding vitamin D-deficient diets in beef cattle.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.318-326
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• 2009

We evaluated the vitamin A and E status of type 2 diabetic patients and normal adults living in Daegu area. Dietary intakes for two non-consecutive days were measured by 24-hour recall method for 76 diabetic patients and 72 normal adults. Plasma levels of retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were measured using HPLC method. Dietary intakes of vitamin A were not significantly different between the diabetic and the normal adults. However, the diabetic patients had significantly lower vitamin E intakes than the normal adults. Major food sources for vitamin A intake were red pepper powder and carrot. Half of the subjects from diabetic as well as normal adults consumed less than estimated average requirement of vitamin A. Plasma levels of retinol and tocopherol were maintained within normal ranges for most of the subjects regardless of diabetic status. Dietary intake of vitamin A was associated with vitamin E intake, however, there was no significant correlations between vitamin E intake and plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol levels. It seems that diabetic patients should try to increase dietary intake of vitamin E, as prolonged lower-level intake of vitamin E could eventually lead to vitamin E depletion. Further studies are needed to identify the magnitude of dietary variance at individual and seasonal levels, and to understand the discrepancies in dietary intake and plasma levels before establishing the dietary reference intake based on Korean dietary pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 1990

This study was carried out to observe the effects of dietary sources of vitamin A and Zn levels on Zn and vitamin A distribution in rats fed excess vitamin A diet. In this study, 40 weanling male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, weighing 40-50g, were chosen and divided into for groups by dietary Zn levels and the sources of vitamin A. The two levels of dietary Zn were supplied: adequate Zn(30mg Zn/Kg diet), low Zn(3mg Zn/Kg diet). Excess vitamin A level was 100 times of RDA, retional and $\beta$-carotene were used as the sources of vitamin A. Vitamin A concentration of plasma and liver were significantly higher in rats fed retional than in rats fed $\beta$-carotene (p<0.05), but these were not affected by dietary Zn levels. Vitamin A accumulationin the liver appeared to be servere in rats fed retinol and low Zn diet. Zn levels of plasma and liver were not affected by the sources of vitamin A whereas Zn levels of kidney were slightly lower in retinol group, and Zn levels of tests were found to be significantly lower in rats fed retinol and low Zn diet. Fragility of erythrocytes in hypotonic saline soultion was greater in low Zn groups, whereas the lower fragility was found in adequate Zn groups in feeding excess vitamin A diet. Thus, these results suggest that an adequate Zn intake is preferable when excess vitamin A is taken, and $\beta$-carotene intake is more beneficial than retinol in order to diminish toxic effects of vitamin A.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.304-310
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• 1995

This study was done to investigate the effect of vitamin C on hepatic biliary and microsomal function during ischemia and reperfusion. Rats were treated with vitamin C(20, 100, 400, 1600 mg/kg) or with vehicle(saline) and then subjected to 60 min no-flow hepatic ischemia in vivo. Control animals were time-matched sham ischemic animals. After 1 or 5 hr of reperfusion, bile was collected, blood was obtained from the abdominal aorta, and liver microsomes were isolated. In vehicle-treated ischemic rats, serum ALT and AST levels peaked at 5 hr and were significantly attenuated by vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg treatment. Similarly, hepatic wet weight-to-dry weight ratio was decreased in the vehicle-treated ischemic group. Vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg treatment minimized the increase in this ratio. Lipid peroxidation was elevated in vehicle-treated ischemic group, but this elevation was also inhibited by vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg treatment. Bile flow and cholate output, but not bilirubin output, were markedly decreased by ischemia/reperfuzion. Vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100mg/kg treatment restored the secretion but vitamin C 1600 mg/kg reduced the cholate output. Cytochrome P-450 content was decreased by ischemia/reperfusion and restored by vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg treatment to the level of sham operated group but decreased by vitamin C 1600 mg/kg. Aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was decreased and aniline p-hydroxylase activity was increased by ischemia/reperfusion. The changes in the activities of aminopyrine were prevented by vitamin C 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg treatment, but not by 400 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg treatment. Our findings suggest that ischemia/reperfusion diminishes hepatic secretory functions as well as microsomal drug metabolizing systems, small doses(20, 100 mg/kg) of vitamin C significantly ameliorates and large doses(400, 1600 mg/kg) of vitamin C aggravated these ischemia/reperfusion-induced changes.