• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1290-1295
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to evaluate effects of the increased dietary vitamin A supplementation on the vitamin A, vitamin E and ascorbic acid concentrations in the plasma and liver and activities of some enzymes in the liver of the growing chicken. One hundred and twenty female chickens at 4 weeks of age were divided in 6 equal groups in accordance with their body weight. They were housed in cages and fed on standard wheat-barley-based broiler diet balanced in the major nutrients. Vitamin A was supplemented in the form of retinyl acetate. Control diet was supplemented with 10 IU/g and experimental feeds were supplemented with 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 IU/g. At days 42 and 56 of the development 8 chickens from each group were killed, plasma and liver were collected for vitamin and enzyme analyses. The increased vitamin A supplementation was associated with its increased accumulation in the liver and with a reduction of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ concentrations in the plasma and liver. The blood plasma was more resistant to vitamin A concentration changes and the retinol level was elevated only when the vitamin A dose exceeded 100 IU/g feed. Ascorbic acid concentration in the liver was elevated when moderately high vitamin A supplementation was used but significantly decreased at the highest vitamin A dose. Similar changes were observed with glycogen concentration in the liver. Activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the chicken liver were also dependent on vitamin A supplementation, decreasing with highest vitamin A doses. Therefore the observations showed that the vitamin A excess compromises antioxidant system of the growing chickens suggesting that prooxidant activity may be responsible for at least part of the toxicity of vitamin A.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of regular exercise and other relating factors on the activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) in 61 healthy male college students. The study population were divided in two groups ; small amount of exerciser (exorcise time less than 30min/d) and moderate amount of exerciser (exorcise time more than 30min/d) according to their physical exercise habits measured by a questionnaire. Dietary intake of vitamin C and vitamin E, Plasma lipid Profiles, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and catalase activities, as well as plasma TRAP levels were determined. Plasma TRAP level was significantly higher in moderate amount of exercisers than that in small amount of exercisers. No significant differences were observed in erythrocryte SOD, catalase and GSH-Px between the two groups. Mean exercise time was positively correlated with the plasma level of TRAP significantly, and amount of alcohol consumption was negatively correlated with the erythrocyte SOD activity, Dietary vitamin C and I intakes did not correlated with either erythrocyte enzyme activities or plasma TRAP levels. There were positive correlations between plasma HDL-cholesterol, and erythrocyte GSH-Px or plasma TRAP levels. Plasma vitamin C concentrations was negatively correlated with plasma TRAP levels and erythrocyte SOD activity, however plasma vitamin C concentration was positively correlated with erythrocyte GSH-Px activity, The results would suggest that regular moderate exercise, nonsmoking, high HDL-cholesterol and high plasma vitamin E concentration enhance antioxidant defences against reactive oxygen species and may increase the likelihood of a healthier life span.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 1974

Blood serum from 30 pregnant cows, 6 non-Pregnant cows (one month after delivery), 6 sterile cows (ovarian cyst), and 6 heifers (16 months old) were analyzed for total vitamin E concentration by the ferric chloride-bipyridyl reaction. The pregnant group was determined periodically throughout pregnancy. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean value of serum vitamin E level in pregnant group was $0.651{\pm}0.068(SE)mg/100ml$, in non-pregnant group $0.647{\pm}0.119(SE)mg/100ml$, in sterile group $0.488{\pm}0.053(SE)mg/100ml$, and in heifer group $0.083{\pm}0.016(SE)mg/100ml$. Samples below 0.19mg/100ml were net observed and most of the pregnants (83.3%) showed the values of 0.40 to 0.99mg/100ml during pregnancy 2. The difference of vitamin E level between pregnant group and non-pregnant group was net significant, but these trio groups showed a significantly higher value than that of sterile group. On the other hand, in heifer group was recognized significantly lower value compared with adult groups. 3. The change of serum vitamin E level in pregnant group revealed the tendency of decrease as gestation progresses and significantly dropped at the eighth month, thereafter, the value was rose slightly at the tenth month of gestation but no differences were observed. The coefficient of correlation between months and serum vitamin E levels during pregnancy was r=-0.956(p<0.01), and a regression equation was Y (serum vitamin E levels, mg/100ml)=1.034-0.063x(month).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.671-677
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to evaluate nutritional status and dietary intake of vitamin A in 5th and 6th grade primary school children in Chungbuk. Also the relationships between nutritional status and factors relevant to dietary intake of vitamin A were examined. For the study, total 180 children in urban area of Chongju city(37 boys and 40 girls) and rural area of Eumsong gun(56 boys and 47 girls) were recruited. For the assessment of dietary nutrients intake including vitamin A, 1-day, 24-hr recall method was applied. And serum retinol contents were analyzed by HPLC to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A. The average of daily vitamin A intake was 490R.E., 81.8% of RDA. Vitamin A intake of urban was higher than that of rural children(p < 0.001). Of the total dietary vitamin A intake, only 25.8% came from animal retinol, means that children still heavily depend on plant carotenoids as vitamin A floods. The average serum retinol concentration of total 180 children was 37.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml. Serum retinol concentration of urban children was 37.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1, significantly higher than rural children of 35.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1(p < 0.05). According to the biochemical criteria, no one was in critical vitamin A nutritional status. Because of relatively large day-to-day vitamin A intake, 1-day, 24-hr recall method may not be the proper way to assess the usual intake of vitamin A. In conclusion , to diagnose the nutritional status of vitamin A by dietary survey, it is necessary to develop new survey technique which measure the dietary habit of the people.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2016

Recently paper based diagnostic kits have drawn great interest in the point-of-care testing market (POCT). The paper based detection systems provide inexpensive, rapid and safe analyses for disease markers and/or pathogens. Vitamin C (i.e., ascorbic acid) regulates body's immune system as an antioxidant agent. Humans, however, do not have enough amounts of enzymes involved in the synthesis of vitamin C that it is required to be obtained from their diets (e.g., beverages and/or supplements). Here, we have prepared a paper based kit to detect the concentration of Vitamin C presented in commercially available beverages. The evaluation provides the fast, simple and accurate results for detecting Vitamin C in the prepared paper based kit.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to determine the preventive effects of the two antioxidant vitamin E and catechin on DEHP-induced disturbance of spermatogenesis in male rats. Rats at 4 weeks of age were randomly allocated into five groups with 20 animals per group. The first group was not any administrated as control. The second group was administrated DEHP (2 g/kg) daily for 14 days. The third group was administrated vitamin E (500 IU/kg) following DEHP treatment by the same method (daily for 14 days). The fourth group was administrated catechin (200 mg/kg) following DEHP treatment by the same method. The fifth group was co-administrated vitamin E (500 IU/kg) and catechin (200 mg/kg) following DEHP treatment by the same method. In order to determine the preventive effects, we examined pathological changes of testis with apoptotic index, and characteristics of sperm with computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Vitamin E and catechin supplementation were significantly prevented the testicular atrophy, apoptosis of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules and abnormal rate of sperm. Moreover, sperm concentration, viability and motility was significantly recovered in groups of alone and along with vitamin E and catechin. The results suggest that preventive effects of alone and along administration of vitamin E and catechin on DEHP-induced testicular atrophy damages have been demonstrated.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.929-942
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, pork quality, pork flavor, and economic benefit in growing and finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 140 growing pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) were assigned to five treatments considering sex and initial body weight (BW) in 4 replications with 7 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.05% or 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E. The pigs were fed the diets for 12 weeks (phase I, 0 to 3; phase II, 3 to 6; phase III, 6 to 9; phase IV, 9 to 12). The BW and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. Blood samples were collected at the end of each phase. Four pigs from each treatment were selected and slaughtered for meat quality. Economic benefit was calculated considering the total feed intake and feed price. Pork flavor was analyzed through inosine monophosphate analysis. Results: The average daily gain and feed efficiency were improved compared to the control when β-glucan or vitamin E was added. Supplementing 0.05% β-glucan significantly increased the lymphocyte concentration compared to the addition of 0.1% β-glucan and the content of vitamin E in the blood increased when 0.02% vitamin E was added. The treatment with 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E showed the most economic effect because it had the shortest days to market weight and the lowest total feed cost. The addition of β-glucan or vitamin E had a positive role in improving the flavor of pork when considering that the content of inosine monophosphate was increased. However, carcass traits and meat quality were not affected by β-glucan or vitamin E. Conclusion: The addition of 0.1% β-glucan with 0.02% vitamin E in growing and finishing pig diets showed great growth performance and economic effects by supplying vitamin E efficiently and by improving the health condition of pigs due to β-glucan.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.567-572
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• 2010

The objective was to assess the concentrations of Vitamins A and E in blood of growing lambs infected or not with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and fed a diet containing clinoptilolite. Twenty-four male lambs were used. A $2{\times}2$ factorial design consisting of two feeding treatments (B and Z) and two levels of parasitic status, infected (I) and uninfected (U) was used. Lambs were randomly assigned to one of four (n = 6), groups: BU (basal-uninfected), BI (basal-infected), ZU (zeolite-uninfected) and ZI (zeoliteinfected). Lambs of groups BI and ZI were infected with a single dose of 15,000 $L_3$ larvae of GIN. Blood samples were collected from individual animals at the start of the experiment and, thereafter, at 15-day intervals. The average blood serum vitamin A and vitamin E, concentration in lambs (mean${\pm}$SD) was 0.25${\pm}$0.090 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 1.59${\pm}$0.769 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Lambs fed Z diet had higher values of vitamin A (p<0.001), but lower values of vitamin E (p<0.01) when compared with those fed B diet.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1332-1342
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• 1997

Background : Acute pulmonary injury by paraquat are caused by multiple mechanisms including direct injury with oxygen free radicals and several mediators released from inflammatory cells. In order to clarify whether vitamin E could reduce tissue damages induced by intraperitoneal administration of paraquat and to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of paraquat-induced pulmonary injury, vitamin E as a free radical scavenger was administered. Method : Rats were divided into three groups (group 1 : control, group 2 : paraquat treated group, group 3 : paraquat and vitamin E treated group). Animals were sacrificed on day 1, day 2, day 3, and day 8 after the administration of saline, paraquat, or paraquat/vitamin E. Results : Treatment with vitamin E decreased the death rate of rats treated with paraquat. Comparing with control group ($1.37{\times}10^6/ml$), mean total cell counts recovered from the lavage fluid from animals treated with paraquat($1.65{\times}10^6/ml$) were increased(p=0.06). Magnitudes of increment of the total cell counts on the Day 8 in the vitamin E treated group were smaller than those of the animals treated with paraquat alone. The neutrophils began to appear in significant amounts in the lavage fluid on Day 8 after the administration of paraquat(37.0+12.7%). A significant decreasing neutrophil concentration at Day 8 was observed in the paraquat/vitamin E treated group(20.6+13.4%). Histologically the degree of pulmonary fibrosis was most prominent in the paraquat treated group while diffuse alveolar damage was continuously observed in the paraquat/vitamin E treated group and extensive interstitial lymphocytic infiltration was seen in the paraquat/vitamin E treated group. The paraquat/vitamin E treated group showed the less histologic changes. Conclusion : In this study vitamin E acting as a scavenger of neutrophil-derived free radicals and suppressant of lipid peroxidation, seemed to be the effective antioxidant in the inhibition of paraquat-induced pulmonary injury.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 1987

The effect of selenium and vitamin E on the incidence of retained fetal membranes(RFM) was evaluated in dairy cows raised in Kyonggi-do province from July through September 1985. Sodium selenite(0.1mg/kg of body weight) and vitamin E (1,000 IU) were simultaneously injected 21 days prior to the expected calving day to Holstein cows and the incidence in the treated group was compared with that in the non-treated control group. Serum levels of selenium, vitamin E, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium were also determined in the treated and the non-treated groups to compare the status of vitamin E and other minerals during periparturient period in the cows with RFM and the normal ones. The incidence of RFM was 34.5% in cows of the non-treated group (29 heads), whereas it was significantly reduced to 9.7% in cows of the treated group (31 heads) (p<0.05). Data for serum mineral concentrations showed that the prepartal inorganic phosphorus concentration was significantly lower in the RFM than in the not-retained group(p<0.01). As a result, the prepartal Ca/P ratio was significantly higher in the RFM group(p<0.01). It appears that a single injection of 0.1mg of sodium selenite per kg body weight and 1,000 IU of vitamin E 21 days prior to the expected calving day is an effective prophylactic for prevention of RFM, and that RFM may be related to imbalances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.