• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2003

In this study, poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles loaded with water-insoluble vitamins such as vitamin A (Retinol) and vitamin E acetate were prepared by the emulsification diffusion method. Polymer solution was prepared by the two water-miscible organic solvent, such as ethanol and acetone. Because of its biocompatible property, polyethyleneglycol-polypropyleneglycol diblock copolymer was used as surfactant and stabilizer. The influence of some preparative variables on the nanoparticle formation and on the loading efficiency of active agents, such as the type and concentration of stabilizing agent, the stirring methods, the water/oil phase ratio and the polymer concentration were investigated in order to control and optimize the process. After preparation of nanoparticles loaded with active agent, particle size and distribution were evaluated by the light scattering particle analyzer. The loading efficiency of active agents was evaluated by the UV-visible spectroscopy. As the results, particle size were 50-200 nm and dispersibility was monodisperse. The optimum loading efficiency of active agents was observed 50-60%. It was found that the appropriate of selections of binary solvent mixtures and polymeric concentrations in both organic and aqueous phases could provide good yield and favorable physical properties of PLGA nanoparticles.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2011

The present study was devised to determine the effects of body weight, organ weight, hematological values and biochemical parameters by vitamin E and selenium (Selevit) on the Orch rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Intact group (n=10) received no treatment and operation. Sham group (n=10) received only sham operation and no treatment. Orch group received operation and no treatment. Orch+Selevit received operation and Selevit. The body weights of each group increased, but that of the Orch+Selevit group were significantly lower than those of all the other groups. There were significant differences (P<0.001) of body weights between Orch+Selevit group and all the other groups. Also, organ weights such as heart, liver, spleen and kidney were measured. The heart weights were significantly lower (P<0.001) in the Orch+Selevit group than in Intact and Sham group. The liver weights in the Orch+Selevit group were significantly differences (P<0.001) in comparison with those in the Intact and Sham groups. The kidney weights in the Orch+Selevit group were significantly differences (P<0.01, P<0.001) in comparison with those in all the other groups. On the other hand, there were no significantly differences in the organ weights of spleen between the Orch+Selevit groups and the any other groups. The number of white blood cell (WBC) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the Orch+Selevit group than in all the other groups. The hematological values of red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were not significantly different in any of the groups. The concentrations of serum total protein, albumin and alkaline phosphatase increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the Orch+Selevit group as compared to that in the Orch group. However, there were no significant differences in AST and ALT in any other groups. We conclude that Selevit was significantly decreased the body weight in the orchidectomized rats. Our findings suggest that Selevit may influence the process of lipid packaging and absorption in the orchidectomized rats.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2000

This study was conducted to measure the difference in the total antioxidant status(TAS) of overweight and normal weight adults, and to investigate the correlation between TAS and the nutrient intake. Anthropometric parameter, TAS, biochemical parameters and dietary intake were measured in the normal weight group(n=17, BMI 20-25, obesity index 90-110%, body fat 16-20%) and overweight group(n=13, BMI > 25, obesity index > 120%, body fat > 25%) among Korean young males. The TAS of the overweight group was significantly higher than that of the normal weight group(p < 0.01). Among biochemical parameters, the average uric acid concentration of the overweight group was significantly higher(p < 0.05) compared to that of the normal weight group indicating, the uric acid concentration reflects TAS. Usual dietary intake showed that the intakes of Ca and vitamin B$_2$, are below RDA. The average intake of vitamin C in the overweight group was significantly lower than that in the normal group(p < 0.05). There was no difference in the intake of carotene and vitamin E between groups. The diet quality of both groups was satisfactory. The result of the correlation analysis on TAS, the uric acid concentration, and the measured indexs are as follows : In the overweight group, TAS was negatively correlated with alchol drinking, and uric acid concentration was positively correlated with BMI, obesity index, and TAS. In conclusion, TAS was significantly higher in the overweight group than that of the normal group, although no association was found with nutrient intakes. Serum uric acid showed a positive relationship with TAS indicating, it is a possible determinant of the antioxidant capacity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.540-551
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• 2013

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is becoming an epidemic and thereby a global health problem. Further, VDD adversely affects calcium metabolism and skeletal health, and is associated with increased risk of several diseases, e.g., autoimmune diseases, several types of cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, asthma, psoriatic arthritis, and etc. To evaluate the prevalence of VDD in Korea, and then to evaluate the association of several factors with serum 25(OH)D level, the author analyzed the data of 14,456 individuals who were 10 years of age and over from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1 & 2 (KNHANES V-1 & 2) conducted by the Korean Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. As a result, among Koreans (age $${\geq_-}$$ 10years), 65.9% of males and 77.7% of females were below optimum blood serum 25(OH)D (20 ng/mL). VDD is more severe in female than in male at all age groups. In addition, the younger generations had less 25(OH)D level than older generations in Korea. The analysis by complex sample general linear model (CSGLM) suggested that blood 25(OH)D concentration was related with gender (p < .001), residence (p = .030), occupation (p < .001), anemia (p < .001) and physical activity (p < .001). In conclusion, VDD is pandemic and it is more severe in younger generations in Korea. Further, from the results by CSGLM, serum 25(OH)D status is closely related with the life style of Koreans.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P/S ratio of fatty acid and antioxidant (vitamin E, selenium) supplements on the serum lipid levels and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats. Female 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. While the peroxidizability index (PI) levels of fatty acids in the experimental diets were fixed at 81.22, the levels of P/S ratio of fatty acids were formulated at 0.38, 1.00, 4.81 (LP, MP, HP). These diets were supplemented with vitamin E (1,000 mg/kg diet) and selenium (2.5 mg/kg diet) (LP-S, MP-S, HP-S). This study showed that the serum concentrations of total-cholesterol and HDL-C increased with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p <0.05). Antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-C of serum (p<0.05). Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver tended to decrease with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p<0.001), but antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver was not significantly different. In addition, antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered TBARS level in the liver (p<0.05), but had no effect on antioxidant enzyme activity except for glutathione reductase (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the properties of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.852-856
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• 2006

Four lactating Holstein cows were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin-square design to determine the effects of various levels of whole cottonseed (WCS) in diets on parameters including milk (yield and fat content), rumen fluid (pH, ammonia and TVFA) and blood (${\beta}$-carotene, vit. A, vit. E, urea, $NH_3$, Ca, P and Mg levels). Cows consumed 0, 1, 2 or 3 kg WCS per day. No significant differences were observed among the groups on analysed parameters except plasma vitamin E concentration. In addition, when the amount of cottonseed was increased, milk yield and milk fat content also tended to increase but this increase was not statistically significant. In conclusion, feeding of WCS up to 3 kg per day with ad libitum maize silage did not cause negative effects on milk yield, milk fat and blood vitamin levels in the short term in dairy cows.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2007

In order to evaluate on the cytotoxicity of methyl mercury (MM) and antioxidant effect of phenolic compound, poncirin against MM-induced cytotoxicity, XTT assay was performed to determine the cell viability after human skin fibroblasts (Detroit 51) were grown in the media containing various concentrations of methylmercuric chloride (MMC). And also, the antioxidant effect of poncirin on the cytotoxicity induced by MMC was examined by cell viability and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in these cultures. MMC decreased cell viability in dose-dependent manner in these cultures and the midcytotoxicity value was determined at concentration of 30 ${\mu}M$ MMC after human skin fibroblasts were treated with $10\sim50{\mu}M$ MMC for 72 hours, respectively. MMC was highly toxic on cultured human skin fibroblasts by toxic criteria. MMC-mediated cytotoxicity was related with oxidative stress by the diminution of toxic effect according to the treatment of vitamin E. In the antioxidant effect of poncirin, it showed vitamin E-like DPPH radical scavenging activity at 90 ${\mu}g/ml$ poncirin and also, remarkably increased cell viability compared with MMC-treated group. From these results, it is suggested that MMC-mediated cytoxicity was highly toxic and was related with oxidative stress in cultured human skin fibroblasts, and also phenolic compound such as poncirin showed the protection on MMC-induced cytotoxicity by antioxidant effect in these cultures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.726-732
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of maintenance system as well as the effect of Se, Zn, and vitamin E supplementation of ram-lambs on the slaughter value and concentration of mineral elements in the loin muscle of lambs. The experiment was conducted on 72 Polish Merino ram-lambs divided into three groups: group C, indoor with no supplement, 19 lambs; S, indoor with supplement, 23 lambs; G, outdoor with no supplement, 30 lambs. From birth all the lambs were maintained indoor with their dams and then weaned at the age of 8 weeks. The rams from group C and S were placed in individual straw-bedded pens and fattened individually with concentrate mixture offered ad libitum until the age of 16 weeks. The lambs from group G were grazed every day from May to July (2 months). During the fattening period each lamb from the supplemented group S was administered per os 1 mL 0.1% $Na_2SeO_4$ (Se, 0.42 mg), 3 mL 10% $ZnSO_4$ (Zn, 68 mg), and 1 mL premix protect vitamin E (0.1 g ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, 5 mg lysine, 5 mg methionine) daily. A comparison of half carcasses across the groups has shown no difference between the control group and the one with supplements, while the weight of half carcasses in the grazing group was smaller in comparison with groups C and S (p<0.001). The meat content in the pelvic limb showed no differences across all groups under study. The pelvic limb of grazing lambs contained less fat compared to the control and supplemented groups (p<0.001). The concentrations of Se and Zn in the blood plasma of ram-lambs from the supplemented group were significantly higher than for the control and grazing lambs. Inorganic Se and Zn supplementation with vitamin E to the diet of lambs increased Se and Zn levels in loin muscle (p<0.001) to $0.46{\mu}g/g$ and $32.9{\mu}g/g$ in fresh tissue, respectively.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2021

Background: The presence of antioxidants was not confirmed in the medicinal plant Equisetum hyamale grass. Purposes: This study was to determine the antioxidant and elastase inhibition effects of extracts of E. hyemale. Methods: Antioxidant functions of E. hyemale stems and roots were measured and extracted with hot water (HW) and ethyl alcohol (70EOH, 100EOH). Results: The extraction yield of stems was higher in HW extraction than in ethyl alcohol extraction. The polyphenol content was significantly higher in the root extract than in the stem. Total flavonoid content of 70EOH extract was significantly higher in root extract than in stem. The elastase inhibitory function of the extract was 46% in the root and 49% in the stem at 100 ppm of the extract. The ABTS free radical scavenging function was in the order of HW<70EOH<100EOH

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.633-644
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate effect of dried powders and ethanol extracts of garlic flesh and peel on antioxidative capacity in 16-month- old rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 618.1$\pm$6.5g were blocked into five groups according to body weight and raised for 3 months with experimental diets containing 5% (w/w) of dried powders of garlic flesh or peel, or ethanol extracts from equal amount of each dried powder. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, /3 -carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were determined in garlic preparations. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in plasma, liver and VLDL + LDL fraction, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine, 80HdG) in kidney, xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in plasma and liver, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in erythrocyte and liver, and carotenoid concentration, and total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma were measured. Total polyphenols and flavonoids contents in garlic preparations were highest in peel ethanol extract. Vitamin C content was not different significantly among preparations, but peel powder contains slightly more vitamin C. The content of $\beta$-carotene was highest in peel ethanol extract and vitmain E content was highest in flesh ethanol extract. The highest level of TAS was observed in peel ethanol extract. Plasma TBARS levels in all the experimental groups were found to be significantly lower than control group, and TBARS concentration in VLDL + LDL fraction was decreased in all the experimental groups in comparison to control group. Also levels of 80HdG in kidney in experimental groups were lower than that of control group. Plasma and liver XO activities were. decreased in all experimental groups, and erythrocyte and liver SOD activities were higher in experimental groups compared to control group. All experimental groups also showed higher plasma TAS levels than control group. Especially, garlic flesh powder group was significantly lower in plasma and liver XO activities, and significantly higher in erythrocyte and liver SOD activities than control group. Moreover, plasma TBARS level and kidney 8OHdG level were decreased in flesh powder group. In conclusion, garlic diets showed effect of improving antioxidative capacity in 16-month old rats, especially, garlic flesh powder was prominent in inhibiting XO activity, promoting SOD activity and decreasing kidney 8OHdG level among experimental groups.