• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제78권3호
• /
• pp.232-238
• /
• 2015

Background: A relationship between low vitamin D levels and the development or outcomes of respiratory diseases has been identified. However, there is no data on the vitamin D status in patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). We evaluated the vitamin D status in patients with AEP among South Korean military personnel. Methods: We prospectively compared the serum levels of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 25(OH)D3, and 25(OH)D2 among patients with AEP, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Results: In total, 65 patients with respiratory diseases, including AEP (n=24), PTB (n=19), and CAP (n=22), were identified. Of the 24 patients with AEP, 2 (8%) had deficient total 25(OH)D levels (<10 ng/mL), 17 (71%) had insufficient total 25(OH)D levels (${\geq}10$ to <30 ng/mL), and only 5 (21%) had sufficient total 25(OH)D levels (${\geq}30$ to <100 ng/mL). The difference in the total 25(OH)D levels among patients with AEP, PTB, and CAP was not statistically significant (p=0.230). The median levels of total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3, and 25(OH)D2 were 22.84, 22.84, and 0.00 ng/mL, respectively, and no differences in the 25(OH)D level were present among patients with AEP, PTB, and CAP with the exception of the total 25(OH)D level between patients with AEP and PTB (p=0.042). Conclusion: We have shown that low vitamin D levels are frequently found in patients with AEP and are comparable with those in patients with PTB and CAP.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제38권7호
• /
• pp.604-609
• /
• 2015

The active metabolite of vitamin D such as $1{\alpha}$,25-dihydroxyvitamin ($D_3(1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3)$ is a well-known key regulatory factor in bone metabolism. However, little is known about the potential of vitamin D as an odontogenic inducer in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin $D_3$ metabolite, $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$, on odontoblastic differentiation in HDPCs. HDPCs extracted from maxillary supernumerary incisors and third molars were directly cultured with $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ in the absence of differentiation-inducing factors. Treatment of HDPCs with $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ at a concentration of 10 nM or 100 nM significantly upregulated the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein1 (DMP1), the odontogenesis-related genes. Also, $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ enhanced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization in HDPCs. In addition, $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), whereas the ERK inhibitor U0126 ameliorated the upregulation of DSPP and DMP1 and reduced the mineralization enhanced by $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$. These results demonstrated that $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$ promoted odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs via modulating ERK activation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.120-131
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Low early pregnancy serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels can increase gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, although inconsistent findings related to that association have been reported. This study examined the association of serum vitamin D with GDM and the possible influencers on this association. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 259 pregnant women within the Seremban Cohort Study (SECOST). Blood samples at < 14 weeks of gestation were drawn to determine serum 25(OH)D levels. GDM diagnosis was made at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation using a standard procedure. Association between serum vitamin D and GDM was tested using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Nearly all women (90%) had mild (68.3%) or severe (32.2%) vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Non-GDM women with mild VDD had a significantly higher mean vitamin D intake than GDM women with mild VDD (t = 2.04, p < 0.05). Women with higher early pregnancy serum vitamin D levels had a greater risk of GDM. However, this significant association was only identified among those with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and in women with a body mass index indicating overweight or obese status. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of VDD in this sample of pregnant women underscores the need for effective preventive public health strategies. Further investigation of this unexpected association between serum vitamin D level and GDM risk in predominantly VDD pregnant women and the potential effects of adiposity and family history of T2DM on that association is warranted.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 1998

A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests inverse relationships between ischemic heart disease and plasma vitamin C and E concentrations. Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of these vitamins than do nonsmokers. Smokers therefore need antioxidant vitamin supplementation . The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on blood composition in smoking college men. 24 subjects were divided into 3 groups of which were the vitamin C supplementation group(n=8), the vitamin E supplementation group(n=8), and the vitamin C+E supplementation group(n=8). The vitamin supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid, the vitamin E supplementation group consumed 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol , and the vitamin C+E supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid +200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. We examined the blood compositions of the volunteers bofore and after vitamins were supplemented . The results obtained were as follows ; intakes of energy , carbohydrate , fat protein , vitamin C and vitamin E were not significantly affected by vitamin supplementation in all groups. Blood glucose concentrations were not significantly affected by vitamin supplementation in all groups. Concentrations of plasma uric acid and alkaline phosphatase activity were decreased significantly (p<0.05) with vitamin E supplementation. The results of this study show that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers has a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제43권10호
• /
• pp.1467-1476
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 비타민 D와 정신질환, 특히 전 세계적으로 높은 유병률 추이를 보이고 있는 우울증과의 연관성을 살펴보기 위해 비타민 D의 종류, 급원 식품, 비타민 D 영양상태 현황 및 이에 영향을 미치는 요인, 비타민 D와 우울증과의 연관성에 대한 국내외 문헌을 체계적으로 고찰하여 요약하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 비타민 D는 자연계에 주로 비타민 $D_2$(ergocalciferol)와 $D_3$(cholecalciferol) 두 가지 형태로 존재하며 주로 대구간유, 고등어, 정어리와 같은 지방이 많은 생선, 난황, 표고버섯 등이 주요 급원 식품이다. 둘째, 국내 외 다양한 인구 집단을 대상으로 비타민 D 수준을 고찰한 결과 비타민 D 결핍은 매우 높은 수준을 보이고 있다. 특히 한국인의 청소년을 대상으로 한 연구 결과 혈청 25(OH)D 20 ng/mL 미만인 남녀는 각각 89%, 99%로 매우 낮은 비타민 D 수준을 보였다. 셋째, 체내 비타민 D의 수준에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인으로는 인종, 거주 지역, 위도, 의복차림, 계절적 차이, 직업, 자외선 노출 정도, 보충제 복용 여부 등이 보고되었으며, 일반적으로 연령의 증가(한국인 및 일본인의 경우 반대 방향), 자외선 차단제의 사용, 어두운 피부색, 흡수 불량 및 비만은 비타민 D의 합성, 흡수 및 이용률에 영향을 주어 비타민 D 부족증의 원인이 될 수 있다고 보고되었다. 넷째, 최근 비타민 D 수준과 우울증과의 연관성을 분석한 국외 역학연구들은 꾸준히 보고되고 있으며 이에 대한 횡단 연구와 코호트 연구 결과는 불일치한 양상을 보이고 있다. 또한 최근 비타민 D 보충과의 관계를 규명하기 위해 임상시험연구도 일부 진행되었으나 이 또한 불일치한 결과를 보였지만 보충제로 얻는 비타민 D는 식이로부터 얻는 비타민 D와 다르다는 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 더 나아가 횡단 연구 및 코호트 연구를 메타 분석한 연구 결과 우울증에 대한 비타민 D의 이로운 효과에 대하여 비교적 일치하는 연구 결과를 제시하고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 연구 결과는 국외에서 진행된 연구이며 한국인을 대상으로 분석된 연구는 매우 제한적이다. 따라서 한국인을 대상으로 한 후속 연구가 요구된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D and zinc are recognized for their roles in immune-modulation, and their deficiencies are suggested to be important risk factors for childhood infections. This study, therefore, undertook to assess the occurrence of infections in rural Indian schoolchildren, subsequent to daily supplementation with vitamin D-calcium or zinc for 6 months. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in apparently healthy 6-12 year-old rural Indian children, recruited to 3 study arms: vitamin D arm (1,000 IU D3 - 500 mg calcium, n = 135), zinc arm (10 mg, n = 150) and placebo arm (n = 150). The infection status was assessed using a validated questionnaire, and the biochemical parameters of serum 25(OH)D and serum zinc were measured by ELISA and colorimetry, respectively. The primary outcome variable was occurrence of infections (upper respiratory and total infections). RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D concentration in the vitamin D arm improved significantly by 34%, from 59.7 ± 10.9 nmol/L to 80 ± 23.3 nmol/L (P < 0.0001), but no improvement was observed for serum zinc concentration. While there was significant increase in the percentage of children reporting no or mild upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and total infections (TI) in all three groups, improvements in the supplemented groups were similar to the placebo group. However, the vitamin D arm reported lower URTI and TI status in the vitamin D sufficient versus insufficient children. Also, URTI and TI status were found to be significantly (P < 0.0001) lower in children with improved 25(OH)D versus unchanged 25(OH)D. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D-calcium supplementation helped to improve the vitamin D status but exerts no effect on the occurrence of infections when compared to the placebo group. Improvement in the serum 25(OH)D concentrations and attainment of vitamin D sufficiency may exert a beneficial effect on the infection status and needs to be investigated further. To evaluate the efficacy of zinc supplementation, higher dosages need to be administered in future studies.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.46-61
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin D nutritional status on bone mineral density of adults (21-49 years). To attain the aim, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the subjects at distal radius by single-photon absorptiometry (SPA). Serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-(OH)D) , known to be the best indicator of indicator of vitamin D status in humans was analyzed . The factors affecting this vitamin D level were also investigated in autumn in 122 young adults. Serum level of 25-(OH)D was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC) and biochemical variables, general health status, time spent outdoors, and dietary intakes of the subjects. BMD of the male subjects was significantly greater than that of female subjects. Weight, activity and total energy expediture (TEE) showed a positive correlation with distal BMD. The mean level of serum 25-(OH)D was 24.4$\pm$11.0 ng./ml and by sex, 26.0$\pm$6.8ng/ml for males and 23.3$\pm$12.3ng/ml for females , the level was significantly higher in male (p<0.01). there was significant correlation between BMD at distal-radius and s-25(OH)D levels (p<0.001). The serum level fo parathyroid hormone (PTH) showed a negative correlation with BMD(p<0.05), with the more obvious correlation in females. Vitamin D intake was estimated to be 3.75$\pm$2.19ug/day in average. Among the nutrients studied, protein ,fat, calcium , and vitamin D intake were positively correlated with distal BMD. When food frequencies were concerned , milk and dairy products showed a significant positive correlation with the BMD level, and driedfoods, eggs , fats and oils, and cereals also showed a positive correlation. Time spent outdoors was estimated to be about 70 minutes in average and positively correlated with the distal BMD level(p<0.01). During the day, the specific time between 12 :00pm and 2:00pm showed the most significant correlation with BMD (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis with the variables showed that distal BMD could be fit 31.9% by the time spent outdoors a day, intake of Ca and vitamin D, and TEE. The standardized estimates were 0.344 for vitamin D intake, 0.284 for Ca intake 0.179 for the time spent outdoors a day and 0.273 for TEE. For males, s-25*OH)D level, TEE and time spent outdoors during a day showed a significant correlation. For females, intake of Ca and vitamin D could fit about 27.1% of the distal BMD.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제54권3호
• /
• pp.327-333
• /
• 2022

칼슘과 함께 뼈 건강에 필수적이나, 그 섭취량이 부족하여 문제가 되고 있는 비타민 D를 쉽게 보충할 수 있는 새로운 제형으로 천연 고분자 물질인 히알루론산을 기반으로 한 비타민 D 함유 구강용해필름(orally disintegrating film, ODF)을 개발하고 비타민 D 함량에 따른 필름의 특성을 분석하였다. 첨가량은 2020 한국인 영양소섭취기준의 비타민 D 하루 충분섭취량(400IU: 10 ㎍)을 기준으로 4, 7배, 그리고 상한섭취량인 10배로 설정하였다. 제조한 필름의 두께는 기반물질의 농도가 가장 높은 대조군이 가장 두꺼웠고, 비타민 D 첨가량에 따른 유의적 차이는 없었다(p<0.05). 비타민 D 첨가군간 필름의 수분함량의 차이는 없었으며, 첨가량이 많아질수록 투습도는 다소 감소하는 경향을 보여 소수성 물질인 비타민 D가 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 비타민 D의 함량이 높아질수록 필름의 명도는 10AI만 유의적으로 높았으며, 적색도는 감소하고 황색도는 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이와 같은 색도특성은 첨가한 비타민 D 시료 자체 색의 영향을 받은 것으로 보인다. 대조군과 비교하였을 때 비타민 D의 증가는 불투명도를 유의적으로 증가시켰으며(p<0.05), 7AI와 10AI에서 가장 높은 불투명도를 보였다. 다른 친수성 고분자 필름과 달리 본 연구에서 제조된 히알루론산 기반 필름은 가소제의 첨가 없이도 타 연구의 필름에 비교하여 높은 인장강도(84.40-106.6 MPa)(p<0.05)와, 비슷한 수준의 연신율(4.71-9.43%)(p>0.05)을 갖는 질감 특성을 보였다. HPLC/MS 분석을 통해 필름 내의 실제 비타민 D 함량을 분석한 결과, 제조 과정 중 비타민 D의 손실이 발견되었으며 이로 인해 목표섭취량(2020 한국인 영양소섭취기준 비타민 D 충분섭취량)을 충족하기 위해서는 제조 기준의 1.5-2배를 섭취하는 것이 적절할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서는 생체물질인 히알루론산을 기반으로 비타민 D를 쉽게 섭취할 수 있는 새로운 제형을 개발하였으며, 비타민 D 첨가로 인한 필름의 특성이 향상되는 결과를 이용하여 구강용해용 뿐 아니라 가식성 포장재 등 다양한 활용이 가능할 것으로 제안하는 바이다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권10호
• /
• pp.1536-1545
• /
• 2023

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of UV-B irradiated vitamin D-enriched yeast supplementation on milk yield, milk composition, vitamin D in milk, milk fatty acids, blood chemistry, and 25(OH)D status in dairy cows. Methods: Six Thai Friesian cows (milk production, 11.2±2.0 kg/d; body weight, 415.0±20.0 kg; and days in milk, 90.0±6.0) were allocated to each treatment in a 3×3 Latin square design, with three treatments and three periods. Each period of the Latin square lasted 49 days consisting of 14 days for diet adaptation and 35 days for sample collection. Dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: i) feeding a basal diet without yeast (CON); ii) basal diet + 5 g of live yeast (75 IU/head/d of vitamin D₂; LY); and iii) basal diet + 5 g of UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast (150,000 IU/head/d of vitamin D₂; VDY). Feed intake and milk production were recorded daily, milk sample collection occurred on days 14 and 35 of each collection period, and blood plasma was collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of each collection period. Results: The results show that after a trial period of 14 and 35 days, the VDY group had significantly higher vitamin D content in milk than the LY and CON groups (376.41 vs 305.15, 302.14 ng/L and 413.46 vs 306.76, 301.12 ng/L, respectively). At days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of the experiment, cows fed the VDY group had significantly higher 25(OH)D₂ status in blood than the CON and LY groups (51.07 vs 47.16, 48.05 ng/mL; 54.96 vs 45.43, 46.91 ng/mL; 56.16 vs 46.87, 47.16 ng/mL; 60.67 vs 44.39, 46.17 ng/mL and 63.91 vs 45.88, 46.88 ng/mL), respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, UV-B irradiated vitamin D-enriched yeast supplementation could improve vitamin D content in the milk and 25(OH)D status in dairy cows during the lactation period.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.337-344
• /
• 2017

To date, no clear threshold that has been established for defining an adequate store of vitamin D for bone health. Therefore, this study aims to determine the required level of vitamin D to maintain a healthy skeleton based on bone remodelling process among healthy adult population. This was a cross sectional study, involving a healthy adult population in Kota Bharu, Malaysia, aged 18~50 years. We measured serum 25(OH)D (vitamin D), serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), and Procollagen 1 Intact N-Terminal (P1NP) in 120 healthy adults selected via multi stage sampling (64 males, 56 females) from 6 subdistricts in Kota Bharu. The mean level of 25(OH)D was 23.50 (${\pm}8.74$) nmol/L. There was a significant difference of the vitamin D level between genders ($26.81{\pm}8.3nmol/L$ vs $19.72{\pm}7.68nmol/L$ in males and females respectively) (p value<0.001). More than 50% of female subjects had 25(OH)D less than 20 nmol/L, while only 20.3% of male subjects had 25(OH)D below 20 nmol/L. Based on the LOESS plot, the bone turnover markers showed a plateauing result, at the 25(OH)D level of 35 nmol/L for CTX and 20 nmol/L for P1NP. Contrastingly, PTH showed a step rise in the 25(OH)D level of 20 nmol/L. Based on the LOESS plot for CTX, P1NP and PTH versus 25(OH)D, level of vitamin D between 20 to 35 nmol/L is recommended to maintain healthy skeleton.