• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.239-247
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• 1999

With the increasing elderly population in Korea, dementia has become a mojor health problem in Korea. Several studies have been conducted on the association between dementia and dietary intake, especially vitamin E and vitamin C. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation on the decrease in cognitive function induced by scopolamine(300mg/kg) in rats. Rats were divided into three groups : control, vitamin C, and vitamin E supplementation(2.4g Vit C or Vit E /100g diet) and fed the diets for 6 weeks. There were significant decreases in active avoidance response and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in the control group, but no significant differences were observed in the vitamin E and C groups after scopolamine treatment. Brain dopamine concentration of vitamin E and C groups was significantly higher than those of control group after scopolamine injection. The concentrations of brain norepinephrine also showed similar tendence, even though it was not statistically significant. These results indicate that vitamin E and vitamin C may protect against the cognitive function decrease induced by scopolamine. However, it is still unclear how vitamin E and C influence brain neurotransmitters and improve cognitive function. Further study is need to elucidate the role of vitamin E and C supplementation in the prevention of dementia.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.429-435
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• 2012

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has become a serious epidemic in Korean children. We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin C, E and other nutrients, and serum total IgE/specific IgE levels in children with AD. A total of 119 children (0-24 mo) diagnosed with AD were recruited for this cross-sectional study from a medical center in Seoul. A 24 h recall was used to assess dietary intakes. Serum total and six food-allergen specific IgE levels were measured by CAP-FEIA. Serum vitamin E was also measured but only in 25 out of the total 119 participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the coefficients between serum IgE levels and dietary intake as well as serum vitamin E. Serum vitamin E levels showed a significantly inverse association with serum total IgE and all specific IgE levels (P < 0.05). Fat intake was inversely related with specific-IgEs for egg whites, milk, buck wheat, soy, and peanuts (P < 0.05). Positive associations were found between carbohydrate (CHO) intake and total IgE and specific IgEs to egg whites, milk, soy, and peanuts (P < 0.05). Vitamin C, E and n-3/n-6 fatty acids were not related with serum total IgE and specific IgE levels except for the association between buck wheat and vitamin E. In addition, there were no significant differences between males and females in dietary intake and serum IgE levels by student's t-test. Although dietary vitamin E showed no association with serum IgE levels, serum vitamin E drew a significant inverse relationship with serum IgE levels. The evidence seems to suggest that vitamin E may possibly lower total and specific-IgEs in children with AD, and that it is important to maintain a relatively high serum vitamin E level in children with AD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.628-637
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• 2010

To determine vitamin A and E intakes and their food sources, dietary intakes were collected by three consecutive 24-hour recalls from 192 adults living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea. The mean vitamin A, retinol and ${\beta}$-carotene intakes were $1240.1{\pm}1101.1\;{\mu}g$ retinol equivalent/day ($693.3{\pm}563.2\;{\mu}g$ retinol activity equivalent/day), $182.6{\pm}149.5\;{\mu}g$/day and $5443.3{\pm}6365.5\;{\mu}g$/day, respectively. Only 9.4% of the subjects consumed less than the Korean Estimated Average Requirement for vitamin A. The mean vitamin E intake was $6.03{\pm}2.54\;mg$ ${\alpha}$-tocopherol equivalent/day. The ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol intakes were $4.83{\pm}2.03$ and $5.57{\pm}3.41\;mg$/day, respectively. Most of the subjects (93.8%) consumed less than the Korean Adequate Intake for vitamin E. The major food sources of vitamin A were sweet potato, carrot, red pepper powder, spinach, and citrus fruit, and the top 30 foods provided 91.5% of total Plant foods provided 81.0% and animalderived foods 10.5% of the vitamin A intake from the top 30 foods. The major food sources of vitamin E were soybean oil, red pepper powder, Ramyeon (cup noodles), spinach, and egg. The top 30 foods provided 78.0% of total vitamin E intake. Plant foods provided 61.3% and animal-derived foods 15.9% of the vitamin E intake from the top 30 foods. In conclusion, the vitamin A intake of the Korean adults in this study was ge-nerally adequate, but the vitamin E intake of many subjects was inadequate. Therefore, nutritional education may be of benefit to Korean adults to increase their vitamin E intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.277-289
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• 1982

Because of a high degree of unsaturation of perilla seed oil vitamin E deficiency can be produced in chicks by using this particular oil diet. It is therefore convenient to use this oil for elucidating more detailed function (s) of vitamin E. The present study was undertaken to investigate the nutritional and pathological aspects both of high PUFA and of low vitamin E in the diet eventually to elucidate the function(s) of vitamin E. The present study examines the relationships between PUFA, vitamin E and Se in the experimental diets by measuring vitamin E levels both in serum and in liver and activities of SGPT and SGOT and by examining electron micrographs of the chick hepatocytes. Vitamin E concentrations in serum and liver responded to dietary treatments. Serum levels of vitamin E were more affected than those in liver, the values of groups IV(15% fat,- Vit.E) and V(15% fat,-Vit E,-Se) were significantly lower than those of groups I (5% fat) and 111 (15% fat) with P/S ratio of 1. The activities of SGOT and SGPT were found not to be different significantly among different diet groups. Electron microscopic observations of the chick hepatocyte revealed degeneration of mitochondria and appearance of vesicles in the cytoplasm of groups fed diets high in PUFA and deficient in vitamin E alone or deficient in both vitamin E and Se. In the same group pyknotic nuclei and deterioration of the sinusoidal border, showing diminution in microvilli were also observed. More detailed studies concerning biochemical aspects should be carried out by using radioisotopes both in the in vitro and in vivo systems and morphological study should have a focus on the changes in nucleus which seems already suggestive in the present observation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.561-567
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• 1994

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E and caffeine on the activities of lipid peroxidation related enzymes in rat liver . Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing three level of vitamin E (37.5, 750 or 1,5oomg/kg diet) and with or without 0.3% caffeine. The rats were sacrificed after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding. Results obtained from this study were as follows ; The content of cytochrome P450 tended to increase as dietary vitamin E level was raised. The activity of xanthine oxidase increased in the caffeine groups, but it decreased by the increasing level of vitamin E. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were slightly elevated by dietary supplementation of vitamin E. And there was a tendency of higher these enzyme activity of caffeine groups. The activity of glutathione perxidase tended to decrease as dietary vitamin E level increased. But it was raised by caffeine supplementation . Liver glutathione content was not affected by dietary supplementation of vitamin E, but it showed a decreasing tendency in caffeine groups. There was a tendency of more lipid peroxide content of caffeine groups than that of the only vitamin E supplemented group. But the degree of increment of this decreased as dietary vitamin E level increased.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.616-627
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin E is essential for health, and although vitamin E deficiency seems rare in humans, studies on estimates of dietary intake are lacking. This study aimed to estimate dietary vitamin E intake, evaluate dietary adequacy of vitamin E, and detail major food sources of vitamin E in the Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2019. Individuals aged ≥ 1 year that participated in a nutrition survey (n = 28,418) were included. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall and individual dietary vitamin E intake was estimated using a newly established vitamin E database. Dietary adequacy was evaluated by comparing dietary intake with adequate intake (AI) as defined by Korean Dietary Reference Intakes 2020. RESULTS: For all study subjects, mean daily total vitamin E intake was 7.00 mg α-tocopherol equivalents, which was 61.6% of AI. The proportion of individuals that consumed vitamin E at above the AI was 12.9%. Inadequate intake was observed more in females, older individuals, rural residents, and those with a low income. Mean daily intakes of tocopherol (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-forms) and tocotrienol were 6.02, 0.30, 6.19, 1.63, and 1.61 mg, respectively. The major food groups that contributed to total dietary vitamin E intake were grains (22.3%), seasonings (17.0%), vegetables (15.3%), and fish, and shellfish (7.4%). The top 5 individual food items that contributed to total vitamin E intake were baechu kimchi, red pepper powder, eggs, soybean oil, and rice. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that mean dietary vitamin E intake by Koreans did not meet the reference adequate intake value. To better understand the status of vitamin E intake, further research is needed that considers intake from dietary supplements.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1998

Plasma concentrations of Vitamins E and A were measured in 15 non-insulin dependent Korean female subjects and 15 age-matched normal subjects using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. No differences were found in plasma Vitamin E concentrations between the 2 groups. Plasma Vitamin A concentrations were higher in subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes melitus (NIDDM). The effects were evaluated of 4 weeks of daily supplementation of 400 mg Vitamin E on plasma levels of these two vitamins. In addition, the effects were observed for Vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress and immune-related compound productions in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients and control subjects. After treatment with Vitamin E, plasma Vitamin E concentrations were significantly elevated in both groups. Basal plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBABS) were identical, and a decreased level of TBARS caused by Vitamin E was observed only in the diabetic group (0.02739$\pm$0.0024 versus 0.01814$\pm$0.0008 nmols malondialdehyde equivalents/dl plasma ; p<0.05). The basal and after-treatment levels of immunoglobulins A, G, M were identical in control and diabetic groups, indicating that Vitamin E did not appear to alter gross humoral responses in this study. However, elevation of Complement 3 ($C_3$) was noticed due to Vitamin E supplementation, revealing a possible effect of vitamin E on one aspect of humoral immunity, Furthermore, an increase in prostaglandin E_2 ($PGE_2$) levels in diabetic patients was normalized by Vitamin E supplementation. This suggests indirectly that the depressed cell-mediated response due to elevated $PGE_2$ could be normalized. For the definitive antioxidant intake recommendations for prevention and treatment of adverse effects of non-insulin dependent diabetes, evidence from intervention trials like this study should be collected. The present data suggests that Vitamin E may oxen some protective effects against oxidative damage and might have beneficial effects of partial immune-stimulation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1998

A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests inverse relationships between ischemic heart disease and plasma vitamin C and E concentrations. Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of these vitamins than do nonsmokers. Smokers therefore need antioxidant vitamin supplementation . The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on blood composition in smoking college men. 24 subjects were divided into 3 groups of which were the vitamin C supplementation group(n=8), the vitamin E supplementation group(n=8), and the vitamin C+E supplementation group(n=8). The vitamin supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid, the vitamin E supplementation group consumed 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol , and the vitamin C+E supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid +200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. We examined the blood compositions of the volunteers bofore and after vitamins were supplemented . The results obtained were as follows ; intakes of energy , carbohydrate , fat protein , vitamin C and vitamin E were not significantly affected by vitamin supplementation in all groups. Blood glucose concentrations were not significantly affected by vitamin supplementation in all groups. Concentrations of plasma uric acid and alkaline phosphatase activity were decreased significantly (p<0.05) with vitamin E supplementation. The results of this study show that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers has a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.318-326
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• 2009

We evaluated the vitamin A and E status of type 2 diabetic patients and normal adults living in Daegu area. Dietary intakes for two non-consecutive days were measured by 24-hour recall method for 76 diabetic patients and 72 normal adults. Plasma levels of retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were measured using HPLC method. Dietary intakes of vitamin A were not significantly different between the diabetic and the normal adults. However, the diabetic patients had significantly lower vitamin E intakes than the normal adults. Major food sources for vitamin A intake were red pepper powder and carrot. Half of the subjects from diabetic as well as normal adults consumed less than estimated average requirement of vitamin A. Plasma levels of retinol and tocopherol were maintained within normal ranges for most of the subjects regardless of diabetic status. Dietary intake of vitamin A was associated with vitamin E intake, however, there was no significant correlations between vitamin E intake and plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol levels. It seems that diabetic patients should try to increase dietary intake of vitamin E, as prolonged lower-level intake of vitamin E could eventually lead to vitamin E depletion. Further studies are needed to identify the magnitude of dietary variance at individual and seasonal levels, and to understand the discrepancies in dietary intake and plasma levels before establishing the dietary reference intake based on Korean dietary pattern.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2007

This study was carried out to determine the effect of vitamin E and vitamin C on the performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under heat stress during the growth and egg production period. A total of 810 seven-day-old Japanese quails were used in the trial. The birds received a diet with either three levels of vitamin E (DL-${\alpha}$Tocopheryl acetate) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet) and vitamin C (ROVIMIX STAY-C 35) (60, 120 and 240 mg/kg of diet). Live weight on day 35 and weight gain were the lowest in the group of chicks on a combination of 60 mg of vitamin E and 60 mg of vitamin C, whereas the highest live weight was demonstrated in chicks on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C (p<0.01). The effects of treatments on cumulative feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found to be significant (p<0.01). The highest feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, age at 5% lay, sexual maturity weight, rate of lay and mean egg weight values were found in the group on a combination of 240 mg of vitamin E and 240 mg of vitamin C. The effect of treatments on the mortality ratio was found to be insignificant (p>0.01). The cost of supplementing diets with vitamin E and vitamin C is very low. Therefore such a combination of supplement can offer a potential protective management practice in preventing heat stress related losses in performance of Japanese quails.