• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.967-975
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• 1995

To investigate effects of dietary fish oil and vitamin E level on the tissue levels of vitamin E and vitamin A and to see which tissue is sensitive to lipid peroxidizability, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed experimental diets composed of either menhaden oil or soybean oil nad either low(equivalent to 17 mg $\alpha$-tocopherol) or high (equivalent to 140mg $\alpha$-tocopherol) vitamin E level for 4 weeks. Palsma TBARS per mg lipid was significantly elevated in rats fed fish oil with low vitamin E level compared to soybean oil-fed rats. TBARS levels of liver, heart, kidney and liver microsomes were also increased by feeding fish oil with low vitamin E level. Plasma TBARS level was significantly correlated with TBARS levels of liver, heart, kidney and liver microsome. Plasma vitamin E level of groups with vitamin E supplementation was elevated significantly as compared to the those without vitamin E supplementation, whereas vitamin E levels of liver, heart and kidney were not changed significantly. Plasma TBARS was negatively correlated with plasma vitamin E(r=0.5763, P<0.001) and A(r=-0.4523, P<0.01) and seems to be a good indicator of in vivo lipid peroxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 1995

Vitarnin A levels of egg yolk from hens fed diets supplemented with vitamin A increased slowly up to Week 4, while the values rapidly increased thereafter. The highest value(360% of initial value) was observed at Week 8 in birds fed 64,000 IU of vitamin A/kg diet. On the other hand, the contents of vitamin E in egg yolk rapidly increased in the first 2 weeks of the experiment and then stabilized up to Week 8. However, the efficiency of egg transfer decreased(P<0.05) as dietary vitamins A and E levels increased. It took at least 4 weeks for the increased levels of vitamin A and E in eggs from hens fed diets supplemented with each vitamin to recover the normal levels. Vitamin E levels of egg yolk in hens fed the vitamin A supplemented diets decreased as dietary vitamin A level increased (P<0.05). On the other hand, a slightly reduced levels of vitamin A levels of egg yolks from hens fed the vitamin E supplemented diet for 4 weeks of experiment was recovered back to control level at Week 8(P<0.05). Supplemental vitamin A markedly decreased the yolk deposition of vitamin F when two vitamins were supplemented simultaneously. The yolk deposition of vitamin A decreased as high level of vitamin B was supplemented, suggesting an antagonistic interactions between the two vitamins.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1985

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of excess vitamin E supple-mentation (0.5%) and cholesterol (0.5%) on levels of serum and liver vitamin E and cholesterol in two categories of rats, group A and group B. Rats in group A(45-65g) were fed experimental diets for 3 weeks ( I-C, II-E, III-Ch, IV-ECh). On the other hand rats in group B(45g-65g) were first fed control diet for 3 weeks and then fed experimental diets when they were 100-l20g for the subsequent 3 weeks ( I'-C, II'-E, III'-Ch, & IV'-ECh). The levels of serum vitamin E were higher in vitamin supplemented groups as expected. Dietary cholesterol showed a tendency to lower serum vitamin E levels of vitamin E supplemented groups. Serum cholesterol levels tended to stay in a narrow range showing resistancy to dietary cholesterol and were not affected by vitamin E status. Whereas vitamin E supplementation seemed to lower the levels of hepatic cholesterol in both groups A & B( I-C, I'-C vs II-E, II'-E ), simultaneous supplementation of vitamin E with 0.5% cholesterol appeared to increase further the hepatic cholesterol levels which were already increased by cholesterol feeding ( IV-ECh, IV'-ECh, vs III- Ch, III'-Ch). Hepatic vitamin A levels decreased as rats grew older during the experimental period. Even though vitamin A levels did not differ from each other significantly, excess amount of vitamin E supplementation in group B seemed to show a tendency to decrease the vitamin A storage in liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 1990

Amish 집단(미국 오하이오주 홈스카운터 거주)의 vitamin E 영양상태를 24시간 회상법, 영양보충제의 사용량 조사 colorimetric법에 의한 혈장 vitamin E의 분석으로 평가하였다 평균식이 섭취 vitamin E는 7.4mg a-tocopherol equivalent였으며 평균 181.4 IU는 영양보충제로 섭취했다 전체 vitamin E의 67.7% 는 식이를 통해 섭취했으며 32.4%는 영양보충제를 복용함으로 섭취했다 평균 혈장 vitamin E 농도는 13.4mg/ml였다 혈장 vitamin E와 영양제로 복용한 vitamin E 사이에는 유의적인 상관과계가(r=0.489 p=0.0001)를 보여주었고 혈장 vitamin E와 연령과도 상관관계(r-0.216, p=0.0017)가 있었다 Amish 집단의 vitamin E 영양상태는 충분했으며 이집단 중의 어떤 자들은 고단위의 다량의 vitamin E 영양제를 복용하고 있어 vitamin E에 대한 올바른 정보를 알려주고 효율적인 영양교육을 시킬 필요성이 요청되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2001

Ginseng may have antioxidant and pharmacologic effects similar to those of vitamin E. The interactive effect of ginseng and vitamin E was studied with respect to cholesterol metabolism and the antioxidant status. A ginseng supplement (0.1%, wt/wt) with comparable levels of vitamin E was provided with a high-cholesterol (1%, wt/wt) diet to rats for 5 weeks. The amount of vitamin E included in the ginseng-free and ginseng diets was either a low (low-E) or a normal (normal-E) level. The ginseng supplements significantly (p<0.05) altered the concentrations of plasma triglycerides in both the low-vitamin E group and normal-vitamin E group compared to the each ginseng-free group. The hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol content were not significantly (p>0.05) different between groups regardless of the vitamin E level in the diet. The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly (p<0.05) lowered by the ginseng supplement in both the low-vitamin E and the normal-vitamin E groups compared to the ginseng-free group. The HMG-CoA reductase activity was also significantly (p<0.05) lowered with in increase of the dietary vitamin E in the ginseng-free group. The excretion of fecal neutral sterol was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the normal-E ginseng group than th low-E ginseng-free group. Neither dietary ginseng nor vitamin E significantly changed the hepatic antioxidant enzymes activity. This data indicates that ginseng supplements lower the concentration of plasma triglyceride and hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity regardless of eh dietary vitamin E level. This information may contribute to understanding the interactive effect of ginseng and vitamin E on cholesterol biosynthesis in high cholesterol-fed rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.304-314
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• 2010

Vitamin E has been a generic term for all tocopherol and tocotrienol derivatives. The most active form of vitamin E isoforms in vivo is regarded to be $\alpha$-tocopherol which is the only form defined as vitamin E in the US Food and Nutrition Board, causing controversy over setting dietary reference intake (DRI) of vitamin E. However, most of the countries other than the US maintain the original concept that all isoforms are accepted as vitamin E but with different biopotency. The roles of the isoforms of vitamin E other than $\alpha$-tocopherol have received continuous attention. Among them those of $\gamma$-tocopherol and $\alpha$-tocotrienol have been most studied in comparison with $\alpha$-tocopherol, since $\gamma$-tocopherol comprises major form of vitamin E in many plant seeds and those of the both vitamin E have been implicated in unique physiological functions. This review summarizes findings that have led a better understanding of vitamin E absorption, transport, tissue storage and various functions common and specific to vitamin E isoforms focusing $\alpha$- and $\gamma$-tocopherol as well as tocotrienols. It is expected to help redefining vitamin E and setting its DRI for Koreans.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.227-237
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the interaction of vitamins A and E on their transfer from diet to chicken eggs and the effect of vitamin A flood-dosing on its concentration in eggs and livers. In Experiment I, forty-two 45-wk-old brown layers (Bobeock) were divided into seven groups and fed one of seven diets: control, three vitamin A supplemented diets(8, OOO, 16, 000, and 64, 000 IU /kg diet) or three vitamin E supplemented diets (50, 100, and 200 IU/kg diet). In Experiment II, a total of thirty-two 35-wk-old white layers (Hy-ine) were divided into four groups and fed one of four diets :control, vitamin A 20, 00O+vitamin E 200 TU /kg, vitamin A 50, O00+vitamin E 200 IU /kg or vitamin A 100, OO0+vitamin E 200 lU/kg supplemented diets. In Experiment III, a total of fifty-six 35-wk-old white layers (Hy-line) was divided into four groups and fed one of four diets: control or three vitamin A supplemented diets (80, 000, 120, 000 and 160, 000 lU/kg diet). In Experiment I, vitamin E levels of egg yolk in hens fed the vitamin A supplemented diets decreased as dietary vitamin A level increased (P

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.379-388
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• 1992

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of dietary vitamin A or E. and of combination of vitamins A and E on peroxidative deterioration of heart in adriamycin-treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 5 groups according to the dietary supplementation of vitamin A or E Except control rats a dose of 2mg ADR/kg of B. W was injected to these animals intraperitoneally on the same day every week. Adriamycin treatment significantly decreased the weight gain of experimental rats compared with that of control rats, But this decrement was not modified by dietary supplementation of vitamin A or E. Lipid peroxide values of plasma were elevated by ADR treatment. The combined use of ADR and dietary vitamin A or E significantly reduced these values, The interaction between vitamins A and E seemed to be present in the lipid peroxide value of plasma. Catalase and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in rat heart were decrased by ADR treatment but glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity was elevated. Dietary supplmen-tation of vitamin A or E enhanced the heart catalase and SOD activities. except only vitamin A-supplemented group. GSH-Px activity of rat heart tended to be decreased by dietary supple-mentation of vitamin A or E. With ADR treatment polyunsaturated fatty acids such as archido-nic acid(20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid(22:6) were decreased in rat heart. However dietary supplementation of vitamins A and E reduced this decrease. The retinol and tocopherol contents of rat plasma were decreased by ADR treatment. Dietary vitamin A or E influence vitamin A or E content of plasma. The interaction between dietary vitamins A and E was observed in vitamin A or E level of rat plasma.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 1991

Porous spheres composed of natural waxes and inorganic materials containing vitamin E acetate as a drug were prepared by impregnation method. Furthermore, the amount of vitamin E acetate entrapped in the spheres and the release rate of vitamin E acetate from the spheres were studied. The impregnation of vitamin E acetate was carried out by dipping the spheres in vitamin E acetate solutions. Entrapment mechanism of vitamin E acetate could be expressed in terms of Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The amount of vitamin E acetate entrapped in porous spheres was influenced by the structure and concentration of the polymer used in vitamin E acetate solutions, and the concentration of vitamin E acetate. Release characteristics of vitamin E acetate from the spheres were investigated by withdrawing samples periodically and analyzing them by spectrophotomer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 1998

Cigarette smoking is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has negative effects on blood lipid and lipoprotein . Some of the associations between smoking and chronic disease can be attributed to the less healthful lifestyles of smokers. A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests inverse relationships between ischemic heart disease and plasma vitamin C and E concentrations . Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of these vitamins than do nonsmokers. Smokers therefore need antioxidant vitamin supplementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect vitamin supplementation on plasma lipid patterns in smoking college men. 24subjects were divided into 3 groups of which were the vitamin C supplementation group (n=8), the vitamin E supplementation group(n=8) and the vitamin C+E supplementation group(n=8). The vitamin C supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid, the vitamin E supplementation group consumed 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol, and the vitamin C+E supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid+ 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. We examined the plasma lipid patterns before and after the vitamins were supplemented. The results obtained were as follows ; In the vitamin C supplementation group, the concentration of total cholesterol decreased significantly and HDL-cholesterol increased significantly with the supplementation of vitamin. In the vitamin E and vitamin C+E supplementation groups, however, there were no significant differences observed with the supplementation of vitamin. Concentration of plasma LDL, triglyceride, free fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. In terms of plasma fatty acid composition, the concentrations of saturated fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. The concentrations of palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, however, significantly increased in the vitamin E supplementation group(p<0.05). The concentration of plasma linoleic acid significantly increased in the vitamin C+ E supplementation group)(p<0.05). The results of this study show that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers has a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk in view of the plasma total cholestrol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of the vitamin C supplementation group and fatty acid concentration of the vitamin E supplementation group.