• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: It has been shown that vitamin A supplementation has different effects on skeletal health and the antioxidant system. Deficiency or excess of this vitamin can lead to health problems. Vitamin A can work as either an antioxidant or prooxidant depending on its concentration. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of vitamin A supplementation on the antioxidant system in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Forty Spargue-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups according to the dose of vitamin A received: 0 (A0), 4,000 (A1), 8,000 (A2), and 20,000 (A3) IU retinyl palmitate/kg diet. After a feeding period of 4 wks, lipid peroxide levels, glutathione concentration, antioxidant enzyme activities, and vitamins A and E concentrations were measured. Histopathological changes were observed in rat liver tissue using an optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Lipid peroxide levels in plasma were significantly decreased in the A1 and A2 groups compared to the A0 rats. Erythrocyte catalase and hepatic superoxide dismutase activities of the A2 group were significantly higher than those of the A0 group. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in the A3 group compared to the other groups. Total glutathione concentrations were significantly higher in the A1 and A2 groups than in the A0 group. Histological examination of liver tissue showed that excessive supplementation of vitamin A might lead to lipid droplet accumulation and nuclear membrane deformation. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that appropriate supplementation of vitamin A might have a beneficial effect on the antioxidant system in rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.930-939
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• 1994

Vitamin B-6 nutrition has been shown to be inadequate in many population groups including pregnant and lactating women, and in infants. Vitamin B-6 intake was measured in 98 pregnant mothers and a total of 172 cord blood samples of their and other new born infants were analyzed for erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase(EALAT) activities with or without the addition of pyridoxal-5-phosphate to assess vitamin B-6 status of the infants. The average daily vitamin B-6 intake of the pregnant mothers was 1.79mg$\pm$0.88(81.4% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances ; RDA) and vitamin B-6 to protein intake ration was 0.017mg vitamin B-6/g protein. Thirty-eight percent of the pregnant women consumed diets which provided less than the RDA for vitamin B-6 during pregnancy. Seventy-two percent of the dietary pyridoxine intake was provided by the plant food source whose bioavailability was reported to be lower when compared to that of the animal food. The average activity coefficient(AC) values of the cord blood EALAT was 1.41$\pm$0.11, and 32% of the blood samples had EALATAC values greater than 1.25, suggesting that vitamin B-6 status of the newborns might be less than adequate.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2017

Insufficient vitamin D intake is a major health problem around the world. Recently, many studies have suggested that vitamin D intake may influence insulin resistance. However, little is known about the association between vitamin D and diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and diabetes mellitus in Korean adults. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 3,686 participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013~2014 aged 19 years and higher. The results showed that the mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level in Korean adults was 16.77 ng/mL, and 74.2% of them had an insufficient serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level (below 20 ng/mL). In normal and pre-diabetic groups, the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level significantly increased with age (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference relative to age in the diabetic group. Low vitamin D levels (25-hydroxy vitamin D < 10 ng/mL) were associated with increased fasting blood glucose levels, compared with optimal vitamin D levels (25-hydroxy vitamin D > 30 ng/mL), after adjusting for variables that may affect fasting blood glucose, but this result was not significant. In conclusion, although no significant association was observed between diabetes prevalence and vitamin D levels in this study, further studies are needed because the effect of vitamin D on diabetes remains controversial. This nutrient plays a crucial role in the body, and levels are insufficient in the Korean population.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to estimate the daily intake of vitamin A in Korean female university students. Vitamin A intake was estimated using an inconsecutive 3-day dietary intake survey from 481 young women. Vitamin A intake values were calculated based on the data in USDA database. Average age, height, and weight of the subjects were 20.05 years, 162.13 cm and 54.38 kg, respectively. The subject's average intake of energy was 1645.67 kcal. The mean vitamin A, retinol and ${\beta}$ carotene intakes were $908.35{\pm}863.18$ ug retinol equivalent/day, $199.19{\pm}166.00$ ug/day and $3872.59{\pm}4972.17$ ug/day, respectively. The 21.83% of the subjects consumed less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamin A. And subjects consumed 141.69% of the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for vitamin A. Food groups consumed with high vitamin A content in our subjects included vegetables (423.96 ug RE/day), potato and starches (213.64 ug RE/day), cereals (62.60 ug RE/day), eggs (55.17 ug RE/day) and milks (53.45 ug RE/day). The major food sources of vitamin A were sweet potato, carrot, spinach, egg, and cereal, and the top 30 foods provided 89.57% of total vitamin A. Also animal-derived food provided 9.65% of the vitamin A intake from the top 30 foods. In conclusion, judging from RNI, the vitamin A intake of the Korean female university students in this study was generally adequate. The result of our study may be used as a basis for follow-up studies of vitamin A intake like assessment of vitamin A nutritional status or evaluation of carotenoid food sources in Korean young women.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2017

Previously, we reported that vitamin C facilitates the CpG demethylation of Foxp3 enhancer in $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ regulatory T cells (Tregs) by enhancing the activity of a DNA demethylase ten-eleven-translocation (Tet). However, it is not clear whether vitamin C affects other helper T cell lineages like T helper type 17 (Th17) cells which are related with Tregs. Here, we show that the expression of interleukin-17A (IL17) increases with the treatment of vitamin C but not with other antioxidants. Interestingly, the upregulation of IL17 was not accompanied by DNA demethylation in Il17 promoter and was independent of Tet enzymes. Rather, vitamin C reduced the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) in the regulatory elements of the Il17 locus, and the effects of vitamin C were abrogated by knockdown of jumonji-C domain-containing protein 2 (jmjd2). These results suggest that vitamin C can affect the expression of IL17 by modulating the histone demethylase activity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.752-760
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• 2007

Inadequate nutritional status of pregnancy can cause underweight and premature birth, undergrowth and deliverance of physically and mentally defected babyies. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines for preventing preterm delivery in the aspect of nutritional factors. The nutrient intakes were compared between a preterm delivery group and a normal term delivery group to recognize risk factors of preterm delivery. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The pregnancy period was statistically longer in the normal term group (p<0.0001). Weight increase was statistically higher in the normal term group (p<0.0001). Calories (p<0.05), carbohydrates (p<0.0005), dietary fibers (p<0.0001), potassium (p<0.0005), vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.0005), vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.05), vitamin C (p<0.0001), and folic acid (p<0.05) intakes were statistically higher in the normal term group. Nutrient density of vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and vitamin C (p<0.0001) in the normal term group was statistically higher. Nutrient adequacy ratio of zinc (p<0.05), vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and folic acid (p<0.05) were statistically higher in the normal term group. Index of Nutritional Quality of vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and vitamin C (p<0.0001) were statistically higher in the normal term group. In this study, the normal term delivery showed higher intakes of calories, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, crude fiber, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$ vitamin C and folic acid than the preterm delivery group. Deficiencies in various nutrients may lead to preterm delivery, therefore, balanced nutrient intake is recommended to prevent preterm delivery.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2008

This study was conducted to provide a vitamin $B_{12}$ database for the representative Korean food items and to assess the dietary intake assessment of vitamin $B_{12}$ for Koreans. The vitamin $B_{12}$ content of 106 foods had been determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using column switching method. Rich sources of vitamin $B_{12}$ were meats, milk, and egg ($0.3-3.4\;{\mu}g/100g$). Vegetables and fruits contained vitamin $B_{12}$ below limit of detection (LOD). The major food sources for vitamin $B_{12}$ intake were milk (72.0%), meats (22.3%), egg (3.6%), and fishes & shellfishes (2.1%). Mean vitamin $B_{12}$ intake of Koreans was $3.16\;{\mu}g$/person/day. The proportion of population with intake below estimate average requirement (EAR) and above recommended intake (RI) of vitamin $B_{12}$ was 60.7 and 36.5%, respectively. The vitamin $B_{12}$ intake level of young children with 1-2 years which was 834.6% of RI while the intake level of the older adults 50 years and older was only 70.0% of RI. Also, there were regional differences between urban and rural area. The population with intake below RI was larger than that with intake above RI in Korea.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2019

Purpose : Several studies suggest that smoking and vitamin D level is a risk factor of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between smoking status, vitamin D levels and the Korean adult male and female metabolic syndrome. Methods : We assessed 3796 participants aged 19 years and older from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2013, 2014. Smoking statuses were collected from self-reported questionnaires. Subjects were divided into three categories: non-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers. Vitamin D was tested by Radioimmunoassay method and the value of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which is an index of vitamin D status in the body, was used. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made using criteria modified NCEP-ATP III. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios between smoking status, vitamin D levels, and metabolic syndrome. Results : The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 23.0 % in men and 15.4 % in women. After adjusting for smoking, the odds ratio for men's metabolic syndrome in current smokers was 1.77 (95 % CI, 1.30~2.41), while for former smokers OR was 1.63 (95 % CI, 1.15~2.31) compared with nonsmokers. After adjustment vitamin D, the odds ratio for women's metabolic syndrome in vitamin D deficiency was 1.44 (95 % CI, 1.11~1.87) compared with normal. Conclusion : Smoking status was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adult males and decreased vitamin D level was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adult females.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.589-595
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 배추를 품종별, 부위별, 저장기간 동안의 vitamin U, amino acid 및 유리당 함량을 분석하고 변화경향을 조사하여 보았다. Vitamin U의 함량은 배추의 품종과 부위에 따라 차이를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 동풍 배추(Winter Pride)의 겉잎(outward leaf)에서 12.70 mg/100 g, 55일 배추(55 Days)의 속잎(core leaf)에서 18.60 mg/100 g으로 vitamin U의 함량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타나 품종별 함량차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 부위별 함량을 측정하여 본 결과 두 품종 모두 배추의 leaf부위가 midrib 부위에 비하여 1.7-9.0배 이상 높은 것으로 조사되었다. $4^{\circ}C$ 저장 동안의 vitamin U 함량은 두 품종 모두 다소 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 저장 동안의 vitamin U의 전구체인 methionine 함량을 조사하여 본 결과 아주 낮거나 존재하지 않는 것으로 조사되었는데 이는 배추가 성숙하는 동안 methionine이 vitamin U 전구물질로 사용된 것으로 추정되어진다. 그러나, $4^{\circ}C$ 저장 동안의 vitamin U과 methionine의 함량에 대한 뚜렷한 상관관계는 보이지 않았으며 유리 amino acid와 유리당 함량과의 관계에 대한 더 많은 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료되어진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.379-385
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• 1995

Ninety Wistar male rats were used to study the effects of vitamin E and Se supplementation to diets containing aflatoxin $B_1$ on the contents of liver lipids and various blood parameters. Two levels of dietary aflatoxin (0 and 1 ppm), 3 levels of vitamin E (30, 60 and 120 IU/kg), and 3 levels of Se (0.1, 1 and 2 ppm) were used to design a $2{\times}3{\times}3$ factorial experiment. Rats, weighing about 200 g, were randomly allotted to 18 cages, 5 rats per cage. The aflatoxin significantly (p < .05) decreased growth rate, feed intake and feed efficiency. Aflatoxin increased the glucose level and decreased the cholesterol level in blood significantly. Levels of blood triglyceride, total protein, and albumin were not affected by aflatoxin, vitamin E or Se. Activities of blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased by aflatoxin; however, the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the blood was decreased by aflatoxin even in the presence of Se. The vitamin E supplementation decreased the AST activity significantly, while GSH-Px activity increased significantly as the levels of dietary Se increased. The levels of total cholesterol and free cholesterol in the liver were significantly lower in rats receiving aflatoxin, while the extra vitamin E supplementation increased these hepatic cholesterol levels. It was concluded that the extra dietary vitamin E or Se supplementation might partially alleviate some of the harmful effects of aflatoxin in rats.