• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.877-887
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• 2015

This paper is a first-hand summary on our comprehensive live trial of cellular-assisted device-to-device (D2D) communications currently being ratified by the standards community for next-generation mobile broadband networks. In our test implementation, we employ a full-featured 3GPP LTE network deployment and augment it with all necessary support to provide realtime D2D connectivity over emerging Wi-Fi-Direct (WFD) technology. As a result, our LTE-assisted WFD D2D system enjoys the required flexibility while meeting the existing standards in every feasible detail. Further, this paper provides an account on the extensive measurement campaign conducted with our implementation. The resulting real-world measurements from this campaign quantify the numerical effects of D2D functionality on the resultant system performance. Consequently, they shed light on the general applicability of LTE-assisted WFD solutions and associated operational ranges.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.679-681
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• 2005

배경은 정적인 실사 이미지이며 주요 등장 인물은 CG캐릭터인 경우, 배경 이미지 내의 객체와 CG 캐릭터 간에 상호 작용을 다루기 위하여 일반적으로 배경 내의 객체를 CG 캐릭터로 대체하는 방법을 사용한다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 배경의 객체를 직접 변형시키는 새로운 기법을 제안한다. 우리는 배경 내의 객체를 간단히 표현한 3D 모델로부터 정보를 얻어와 이미지 변형 기법을 이용하여 직접 배경의 객체를 변형시키고, ERI(Expression Ratio Image) 기법을 이용하여 변형된 배경의 객체에 달라진 조명 효과를 반영하는 방법을 사용하였다. 이 기법은 원본 이미지를 그대로 사용하므로, 실사와 같은 높은 품질의 결과물을 얻을 수 있다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.220-226
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• 1997

Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is frequently associated with intracranial calcification and neuropsychiatric abnormalities. The most commonly recognized central nervous system manifestations of chronic hypoparathyroidism are seizure, alteration of mental function and extrapyramidal signs. We present a case of hypoparathyroidism, demonstrating extensive intracranial calcification, not only basal ganglia, but also outside the extrapyramidal system. An 58-year-old woman presented with 30 year history of seizure and memory disturbance. The physical examination and several laboratory studies disclosed normal. However hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia with hypocalciuria and decreased parathormone level were demonstrated. Clinical symptoms and signs showed improvement after supplementary calcium and Vit $D_3$ therapy.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.269-282
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• 2023

Vitamin D participates in the biological function of the innate and adaptive immune system and inflammation. We aim to specify the effectiveness of the vitamin D supplementation on the side effects BioNTech, Pfizer vaccination, and immunoglobulin G response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in subjects tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this multi-center randomized clinical trial, 498 people tested positive for COVID-19 were divided into 2 groups, receiving vitamin D capsules or a placebo (1 capsule daily, each containing 600 IU of vitamin D) over 14-16 weeks. Anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the second dose of vaccination. Fourteen to 16 weeks after supplementation, the intervention group had an immunoglobulin G (IgG) increase of 10.89 ± 1.2 g/L, while the control group had 8.89 ± 1.3 g/L, and the difference was significant between both groups (p = 0.001). After the second dose of vaccination, the supplement group significantly increased their 25-hydroxy vitamin D from initially 28.73 ± 15.6 ng/mL and increased to 46.48 ± 27.2 ng/mL, and the difference between them was significant. Those with a higher body mass index (BMI) had the most of symptoms, and the difference of side effects according to BMI level was significantly different. In 8 weeks after supplementation obese participants had the lowest IgG levels than overweight or normal subjects. The proportion of all types of side effects on the second dose was significantly diminished compared with the first dose in the intervention group. Supplementation of 600 IU of vitamin D3 can reduce post-vaccination side effects and increase IgG levels in participants who received BioNTech, Pfizer vaccine.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.404-412
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• 2024

We propose a method for increasing the bandwidth of a substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed antenna with taper-based micro-strip SIW transition feeding. For radio transmission, a circular slot is etched on top of the SIW cavity. For optimal antenna design, the slot is etched slightly away from the cavity center to generate circularly polarized waves. Simulations show a wide axial ratio bandwidth of 7.860% between 11.02 GHz and 11.806 GHz. Experimental results confirm a similar wide axial ratio bandwidth of 4.9% between 10.8 GHz and 11.35 GHz. An SIW feed from an inductive window excites the radiating circular slot, resulting in a simulated wide impedance range of 1.548 GHz (10.338 GHz-11.886 GHz) and bandwidth of 13.93%. Experimental results show a wide impedance of 2.08 GHz (10.2 GHz-12.08 GHz) and bandwidth of 18.84%. The SIW cavity-backed antenna creates a unidirectional pattern, leading to gains of 6.61 dBi and 7.594 dBi in simulations and experiments, respectively. The proposed antenna was fabricated on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, and the reflection coefficient, radiation patterns, and gains were tested and compared using a computer simulator. The developed broadband antenna seems suitable for X-band applications.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 2004

전통적인 면역억제제와 면역활동제인 녹용수용추출액(DAA)은 뼈의 재생에 있어서 중요한 역할을 한다고 여겨진다. 녹용약침이 비활성 연골세포의 분화를 야기시킬수 있는 지를 결정하기 위해, 융합된 세포 배양균을 녹용약침과 함께 24, 36, 48, 72, 120 시간동안 먼저 처리하였다. 이러한 처리후에 배양액을 10-10 ~ 10-8M 1,25-(OH)2D3를 포함하는 새로운 배양액으로 바꾸어 세포들을 추가로 24시간동안 배양했다. 앞선 연구에서 더 성숙된 활성연골세포가 이러한 Vit D3 대사산물에 반응한다는 것을 보여주었기 때문에 이러한 두 번째 처리를 선택하였다. 세포성숙에 있어서 녹용약침의 전처리 효과는 ALPase의 특이활동을 측정하는 것으로 확인하였다. 기질 단백질 합성의 변화는 35SO4 결합이 proteoglycan으로의 변화되는것과 collagen 합성을 측정함으로써 증명되었다. 비활성 연골세포가 녹용약침과 함께 120시간동안 전처리되고 다시 1,25-(OH)2D3를 추가한 처치에서 ALPase 특이활동과 collagen 합성이 농도 의존적으로 증가를 일으켰다. 그러나 proteoglycan의 생성에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 1,25-(OH)2D3와 함께 전처리 된 비활성 연골 세포는 어떠한 전처리도 받지 않았던 비활성 연골세포처럼 반응했다. 이러한 결과는 녹용약침이 직접적으로 비활성 연골 세포를 활성 연골세포로 성숙시키는데 관여한다는 것을 알려준다. 그러므로 녹용약침은 연골내 골화과정에서 연골세포의 성숙을 조절하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C and Sea buckthorn on the performance, blood biochemistry and meat quality in old laying hens. A total 200 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (101 weeks old) were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments : (1) Basal : basal diet, (2) Vit. C : basal diet + 0.1% vitamin C, (3) SB 0.1 : basal diet + 0.1% Sea buckthorn, (4) SB 0.5 : basal diet + 0.5% Sea buckthorn, and (5) SB 1.0 : basal diet + 1.0% Sea buckthorn. Each treatment was replicated 4 times with 10 birds units were arranged according to randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted 4 weeks under 16L:8D lighting regimen. The diets were fed to hens on an ad libitum basis for 4 weeks. Result indicated that during feeding trial of the experiment, hen-day egg production and feed conversion ratio were not significantly influenced by treatments. However, feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Vit. C and SB treated groups than the basal during 1 wks and 3 wks. Egg weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher in basal and Vit. C than the SB 1.0 treatment. There were no differences in carcass yield during feeding trials. However, partial ratio (breast and neck) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in SB 0.5 than other treatment. There were no differences in the level of leukocytes and erythrocytes. There were no significant differences on proximate analysis (DM, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash), meat color, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and fatty acids concentrations. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of vitamin C and Sea buckthorn to the diet of old laying hens might be a potential ingredient for increasing partial weight (breast) in old laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.315-319
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• 1992

Korean green tea leaves which were harvested three times(May, June, August) were treated with anaerobic conditions and were measured changes of ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA) and other constituents. In anaerobically treated green tea leaves, the content of ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA) and alanine increased while glutamic acid decreased. Whereas theanine, arginine, caffeine and tannin showed little change and the content of vitamine C slightly decreased with the passing of the anaerobic treatment time. Formation of GABA, a hypotensive constituents, was proportioned to the content of glutamic acid and the optimum time of the anaerobic treatment was about 12 hours. In the anaerobic treatment of green tea leaves, effect of nitrogen gas and vacuum condition was no difference between two.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.671-680
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• 1999

In order to investigate the relationship between plasma renin activity and metabolism of Ca and Na in blood pressure, the habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca urinary excretion of Ca, Na and K, and plasma level of renin activity, aldosterone, and indices of Ca metabolism were measured in 27 untreated hypertensive women and 30 age-matched normal women on a free diet. Hypertensive subjects were classified into high renin hypertensive (HH), medium renin hypertensive(HM) and low renin showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HM groups. It appeared that 25-(OH) Vit D3 level of HH group was significantly higher than LH group(p<0.05). There was significant difference in habitual intake of Ca between normotensive and LH groups. However, habitual intake of Na showed no significant difference among normotensive, LH, MH and HH group. Positive correlation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with PTH(r=0.324, r=0.375) and urinary Ca(r=0.496, r=0.278) and a negative correlation of systolic blood pressure with habitual Ca intake(r=-0.371) existed(p<0.05). A relative magnitude of factors affecting hypertension was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Overall results about relative influence of independent variables to dependent variable (systolic blood pressure) indicated that urinary Ca was the higher correlation in all subjects(p<0.0001), followed by age and aldosterone. PTH showed a significant correlation for relative influence on diastolic blood pressure in all subjects. The above results indicated that renin-aldosterone system and Ca regulating hormone had a mutual relationship in hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2006

Antioxidant vitamin supplementation focuses one's attention on the prevention of age-related diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant status and lipid profiles and to look into the antioxidant vitamin supplementation that affects lipid metabolism in 20 elderly non-smoking Korean women (placebo group: n = 6, vitC suppl: n = 7, vitE suppl: n = 7). Age, height, weight, muscle, percent of fat and WHR were not significantly different among the groups, however $\%$ of fat was above $33\%$ and WHR was above 0.9. And blood pressure of the placebo group was 131.7/81.7 (border line hypertension), that of vitamin C supplement was 141.4/87.1 (hypertension) and that of vitamin E supplement was 151.4/92.9 (hypertension). Although nutrient intakes of all groups were poor, antioxidant status (blood vitamins C, E, A, and beta-carotene) and lipid profile (TG, total-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) were normal. For nutritional intervention, the vitamin C supplement group received L-ascorbic acid 1,000 mg, and vitamin E supplement group received d-alpha-tocopherol 400IU for 4 weeks, showing the effects of vitamin E supplementation. Response total cholesterol of HDL-cholesterol (T-Chol/HDL) in vitamin E supplement group was significantly decreased from 4.3 to 3.2. And response LDL-cholesterol of HDL-cholesterol (LDL/HDL) in the vitamin E supplement group was also significantly decreased from 2.6 to 1.7. In addition, after the adjustment for plasma lipids (TG, total cholesterol), plasma vitamin A levels in vitamin E supplement group were significantly increased from 7.89 mg/g to 14.91 mg/g. And systolic blood pressure in vitamin E supplement group was significantly reduced. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation affects the lipid profiles and blood pressure in elderly non-smoking women. So various nutrition programs must be implemented against age-related diseases and further studies are needed regarding sorts and amounts of antioxidant nutrients and supplementation periods.