• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.193-198
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analysis of effectiveness between cognitive function assessment scores and gaming cognitive rehabilitation system in children with intellectual impairment. Methods: Five children (male=5, $age=10.00{\pm}0.80$) with intellectual impairment participated in this study and were randomly assigned to the experiment that played (received) gaming cognitive rehabilitation system (Neuroworld). The children were applied 2 times a week for 30 minutes during 3 months. The children were assessed K-WSIC-VI (Korean-Wechsler intelligence scale for children-fourth edition) and recorded that gained score in gaming cognitive rehabilitation system before and after intervention. K-WSIC-VI contained five primary index scores: verbal comprehension index, visual spatial index, fluid reasoning index, working memory index, and processing speed index. Gaming cognitive rehabilitation system scoring was composed visual recall, target recall, sequence recall, selective attention, continuous attention, and exploration. Results: In the intelligence quotient (IQ) of K-WSIC-VI, there were significant increased in all children. The visual recall item was highest effective in all children. However, sequential recall showed the lowest improvement in all children. The performance speed of selective attention item was decreased, this means that children's skills have improved. Also, their ability to explore has improved significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion, gaming cognitive rehabilitation system was significant effectiveness in cognitive function in some categories for children with intellectual impairment. However, the visual recall and performance speed don't represent of all cognitive function. Therefore, further studies will need to verify by applying more subject and longer duration.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

Objectives : To evaluate the pain improvement of the frozen shoulder patients taken the electro-acupuncture therapy using Visual Analogue Scale. Methods : The 38 frozen shoulder patients visited department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion in National Medical Center from 1st September 2004 to 28th February 2005 had taken the electroacupuncture therapy or body-acupuncture therapy more than 3 times.(Electroacupuncture group was 24 persons and body-acupuncture group was 14 persons.) We evaluated their improvement of shoulder pain using Visual Analog Scale(VAS) at each visit. Then we analyzed the pain improvement comparing with two groups. Results : Both VAS scores of electroacupuncture group and body-acupuncture group have significantly improved. VAS score at third visit of electroacupuncture group and body-acupuncture group have significantly improved. VAS score at third visit of electroacupuncture group was significantly lower than that of body-acupuncture group (p=0.0057). The decreased VAS score after first visit of electroacupuncture group was also significantly higher than that of body-acupuncture group(p=0.0225). Conclusion : The pain of electroacupuncture group decreased more than body-acupuncture group at early visit. But the total decreased VAS scores of two groups was not significantly different.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship between cybersickness symptoms and visual function and to determine whether visual perception training is effective in reducing symptoms of cybersickness. The study subjects were healthy adult males who experienced the same virtual reality program for 15 minutes. Afterwards, the VR satisfaction score and cybersickness level were measured and classified into a comfortable virtual reality program viewer group (CVR group, 20 people) and an uncomfortable virtual reality program viewer group (UVR group, 20 people). Visual function test was performed on all subjects, and the vision therapy training program was applied to the UVR group once a week for 40 minutes 12 times, and then the visual function and SSQ questionnaire were re-evaluated. Subjects with diplopia were 55% in the UVR group and 5% in the CVR group, which was significantly higher in the UVR group, there were differences in stereopsis, exophoria, near point convergence(p<.01) and vergence function(p<.001) between the two groups. After vision therapy, changes in SSQ, stereopsis, near point convergence, and vergence function of UVR user group were positively changed(p<.01). Therefore, cybersickness symptoms are related to visual function, it seems that the vision therapy can be used as a way to alleviate the symptoms of cybersickness.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.46-56
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• 2020

Purpose: This study proposes a concert oriented music therapy (COMT) program which takes into account the personal and social factors of depression, and its clinical effects were validated on elderly persons with visual impairments who were susceptible to depression. The experiment was conducted on 34 elderly persons with visual impairments, randomly allocated to either the experimental group (n = 15) or the control group (n = 19). The COMT program was applied 20 times in total to the experimental group for 110 minutes every other week, for a duration of 10 months. The depression level was evaluated using the Korean form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). The experimental results showed that the average KGDS score in the experimental group decreased by 4.1 points (19.4%), from 21.0 to 16.9, whereas it increased by 1.16 points (5.8%), from 19.95 to 21.11, in the control group. The reduction in the depression level was significant for the following 4 depression factors : decreased social interest (40%), negative thinking and the unhappiness feeling (20%), emotional discomfort (16.3%), and cognitive dysfunction (7.6%), whereas it was negligible in the factors of physical weakening and decreased vitality. The COMT program reduced the KGDS scores of the experimental group regardless of their experience in musical performance. In conclusion, the proposed COMT program proved to be efficacious in alleviating depression in elderly persons with visual impairments. In particular, it proved highly effective in helping with decreased social interest, namely, the social factor of depression which is not properly considered in existing music therapy methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.517-525
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• 2010

Purpose : This study aimed to compare the effect of two conditions (visual and kinesthetic) of motor imagery training on static and dynamic balance. Methods : Fifteen patients with post-stroke hemiparesis volunteered to participate in this study. Two motor imagery training conditions, for 10minute trials, employed with audiotape instructions. Measurements were performed at pretest, posttest and 1-hour follow up in both static and dynamic balance. Results : Measures were significantly different both static and dynamic balance tests between treatment conditions (kinesthetic imagery more than visual imagery) at the pretest, post test, and 1-hour follow-up (p<.05). Measures of both static and dynamic balance tests, for both conditions, improved significantly from pretest to posttest (p<.05), and was maintained at 1-hour follow up. Conclusion : This study showed that both imagery training applications were effective treatment strategies for both static and dynamic balance. When comparing the two treatment conditions, kinesthetic motor imagery training was more effective than the visual motor imagery training in static and dynamic balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.174-179
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• 2013

Purpose: Visual gait analysis plays a pivotal role in determining the important gait problem of patients. A few studies have been published and have received little attention regarding visual gait analysis on patients with orthopedic problems. The purposes of this study were to investigate the difference of reliability levels according to experience of clinical physical therapists. Methods: Thirty-five clinical physical therapists, 5 high experienced, 15 experienced, and 15 inexperienced, were recruited and individually evaluated these videotaped gait patterns of the participants, and filled up the structured gait analysis form. The gait of nine participants was videotaped. Reliability levels were calculated by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Results: The inter-rater reliability of high experienced group (ICC=0.56; 95% CI: 0.50-0.62) was comparable to that of the experienced raters (ICC=0.48; 95% CI: 0.43-0.53) and inexperienced group (ICC=0.42; 95% CI: 0.38-0.46). High experienced group reached a higher inter-rater reliability level. The average intra-rater reliability of the high experienced group was 0.70 (ICCs ranging from 0.54 to 0.82). The experienced group reached an average intra-rater reliability of 0.61 (ICCs ranging from 0.47 to 0.81). The inexperienced group attained average ICC values of 0.53 (ICCs ranging from 0.30 to 0.74). Conclusion: Use of a structured gait analysis form as described in this study was found to be moderately reliable. Clinical experience appears to increase the reliability of visual gait analysis.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.708-713
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• 2014

The aim of this research was to investigate how the effects of body supported treadmill training with visual feedback affect the gait factors of stroke patients. Thirty subjects (21 male, 9 female) with a diagnosis of stroke were taken to the hospital to participate in this study. The subjects received body supported treadmill training with visual feedback. The training was executed for 6 minutes, 3 times a day per week for 19 weeks after general exercise. The effects of the visual feedback in the body supported treadmill training were evaluated by measuring the average gait cycle and the average step length of the affected and unaffected. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using a paired t-test. The results of this study were a significant improvement of the average gait cycle and no statistically significant difference of the average step length. The gait cycle average had a statistically significant difference in gender, age, etiology, paretic side, and step length average. There was no statistically significant difference in infarction within etiology. Therefore, it was necessary to apply the easy and simple with the treadmill training in the rehabilitation of the stroke patients. This study will require a variety of outcome measures related to the effects of treadmill training with gait factors.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a visual feedbackbased balance training, using force platform biofeedback, on the postural balance of elderly faller. Methods: Fifty one community-dwelling older adults (aged 66-88 years) with a recent history of fall participated in the study. Participants were randomized to an experimental group (EG, n=25) and to a control group (CG, n=26). The EG participated in training sessions three times/week for 6 weeks. Visual feedbackbased balance training with the a computerized force platform with visual feedback screen was used in the experimental group. Static balance (center of gravity) and dynamic balance (Functional reach test, Timed "Up & Go" test, Berg balance scale) were assessed before and after end of training. Results: A significant improvement in static balance and dynamic balance were demonstrated within the EG (p<.05), but not in the CG. Conclusion: Visual feedback-based balance training may be an effective intervention to improve postural balance of elderly fallers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects on muscle activation and ankle instability following sudden ankle inversion of the closed kinetic chain exercise using visual feedback to evaluate chronic ankle instability in adult males. METHODS: In this study, 28 subjects with chronic ankle instability were recruited and randomly divided into a closed kinetic chain exercise using a visual feedback group(n=13) and an open kinetic chain exercise group(n=15). Each group underwent 30 minutes of exercise three times a week for 8 weeks. The electromyographic(EMG) values of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles were measured to analyze muscle activity. The Cumberland ankle instability tool(CAIT) was used to measure ankle instability. RESULTS: Both groups showed improvements in tibialis anterior, peroneus longus and CAIT score(p<.05). In the experimental group, there were significant improvements in the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and lateral gastrocnemius muscle activation(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that closed kinetic chain exercise using visual feedback can be a useful treatment method for patients with chronic ankle instability.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual perception on driving performance and the importance of visual training for improving driving performance in patients with stroke. Methods : The evaluations, using MVPT(Motor-free Visual Perception Test), TMT A&B(Trail Making Test A & B), UFOV(Useful Field Of View test), and a driving simulator, were carried out with patients in department of physical medicine and rehabilitation in a rehabilitation hospital from October 2014 to November 2014. Results : Driving performance was related to the ability of various visual perceptions of patients with stroke, and the highest correlation was found in the UFOV subtest 2, TMT B, and MVPT. The results of discriminant analysis indicated a sensitivity of 100.0%, specificity of 80.0%, and predicted the results of the driving simulator with 89.5% accuracy. Conclusion : This study found that visual-perception skills influence driving performance and suggested the importance of visual-perception skill training for driving.