• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this pilot study was to determine the effect of soft tissue technique (STT) in Axillary Web Syndrome (AWS) following sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in breast cancer patients by examining the upper extremity function, range of motion, and pain. Methods: Nineteen patients with breast cancer-related AWS were evaluated. STT was performed on the symptom area for treatment of AWS symptoms. We evaluated AWS symptoms and pain intensity using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and functional disability using the Korean version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, glenohumeral joint (GHJ) flexion and abduction range of motion (ROM) with or without elbow extension. Results: Visual analyses of the data suggest a modest effect of STT in improving GHJ flexion, abduction ROM with or without elbow extension, DASH for upper extremity function, and Pain. The statistically significant improvement in baseline observed for pain, DASH, and ROM data made it impossible to assess the effects of STT on those outcomes. There were no adverse events. Conclusions: STT may be an effective and safe treatment option for AWS patients recovering from breast cancer treatment; however, further research is needed.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate sole effect of therapy of spectacles correction on the refractive amblyopia. Spectacles were prescribed to give the same effect as the occlusion therapy undercorrecting in the case of hyperopia, and effectiveness of the therapy was compared with occlusion therapy without additional prescription. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The higher anisometropic power was the lower initial visual acuity was. 2. Anisometropic power did not influence final visual acuity. 3. The latter beginning time of therapy was the higher astigmatism was. 4. Therapy of spectacles correction on the hyperopic amblyopia was quite effective.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the low-intensity ultrasound (noblelife) treatment on the pain points of upper trapezius muscle. The study recruited 20 patients who had trigger points in one side of the upper trapezius. The effectiveness of the low-intensity ultrasound treatment was assessed with subjective pain intensity using visual analog scale (VAS) and pressure pain threshold (PPT). The PPT was measured by pressure threshold algometer. Before and after the treatment, changes of pain were evaluated. Wilcoxon test for VAS data and paired t-test for PPT data were used for statistical significance. Compared to the pain intensity before the treatment, the pain intensity after treatment was significantly decreased (p<.05). Low-intensity ultrasound could be safely used in clinical application and at home for the treatment of patients with pain in upper trapezius muscle.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2014

Objective: This study aims to investigate high energy and low energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and which one is more effective for shoulder pain. Design: Single blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifty two subjects with upper trapezius (UT) trigger point (TrP) participated in this study. They were allocated to high energy (n=26) and low energy group (n=26). This study applies ESWT and investigates the changes of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and visual analogue scale (VAS). The high and low energy groups received focused piezo electric type ESWT 4 Hz, 1,000 pulses and 0.351 and $0.092mJ/mm^2$ respectively. Outcome measures of PPT and pain was measured by algometer and pain VAS. These measurements were performed before and after treatment. Results: The PPT value was significantly increased in both groups after treatment (p<0.05) and VAS scores were significantly decreased after treatment in both groups (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: ESWT is an effective treatment for the application of the UT TrP. Although there were significant effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on PPT and VAS scores, there were no signficant differences between high and low energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.75-91
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• 2010

Objectives : Although the controversy surrounding the biomechanics of the sacroiliac joint remains unresolved at this time, the clinical importance of this joint in the cause of back pain has been established since 1930's. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the sacroiliac joint. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic therapy(PEMT) with acupuncture therapy for patients, who were suffering from sacroiliac joint syndrome, and to conduct more researches in the usage of acupuncture therapy for treating sacroiliac joint syndrome. Methods : 25 patients, who were diagnosed as sacroiliac joint syndrome were selected. They were treated twice a week during 3 weeks. They were measured after all the treatment and firs week and fourth week after termination of treatment by using visual analogue scale(VAS) and Roland Morris disability index(RMDI). The VAS and RMDI patterns were analyzed by using 'pared T-test' and 'Kruskal-Wallis' test. Results : 1. Each times of PEMT with acupuncture therapy, there were statistical significance in improvement of VAS(p<0.05) and each times of therapy except 1st one, there were statistical significance in improvement of RMDI(p<0.05). 2. After 4th therapy, there were most significant improvement of VAS with RMDI(p<0.001), when we compared the change in VAS and RMDI before and after the each therapy. 3. There was no statistical significance in VAS and RMDI by onset, sex and age. Conclusions : The results indicate that pulsed electromagnetic therapy and acupuncture therapy had good effect on sacroiliac joint syndrome.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.215-221
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• 2020

Objective: Tension-type headaches usually occur with temporomandibular disorder, which increases the risk of the chronic tension-type headaches. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of additional temporalmandibular therapy compared to cerivcal joint therapy for tension-type headaches with pericranial tenderness. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Forty-one patients with chronic tension-type headaches and pericranial tenderness were randomized into the 3 groups, such as the temporomandibular joint therapy group (TMJT group, n=14), cervical manual therapy group (CMT group, n=14) and conservative therapy group (CT group, n=13). All patients were assessed at baseline and after each intervention during the three sessions. The participants in the TMJT group received the temporomadibular joint treatment and cervical manual therapy for 30 minutes, once a week, for 3 weeks. The participants in the CMT group received the cervical manual therapy, and those in the CT group received modalities during same time period. The outcome measurements used were the intensity of headaches measured on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), quality of life measured with the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and function of the cervical spine using the Neck Diability Index (NDI). Results: The TMJT group that received temporomandibular joint treatment and cervical manual therapy showed a significant decrease in VAS, HIT-6, and NDI compared with the other 2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggected that temporomandibular joint treatment combined with cervical manual therapy was more effective for the chronic tension-type headaches with pericranial tenderness than the usual cervical therapy alone.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.369-378
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mother's education about amblyopia occlusion therapy on parenting stress and efficacy and the visual acuity improvement of the amblyopia child. The study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest posttest quasi-experimental study. The mothers with amblyopia children who signed the consent form were assigned to one of two groups, the experimental group (29) and control group (31). The data were collected from March 5 to October 5, 2010, at G university hospital outpatient department located in G city. The subjects in the experimental group participated in the Mothers Education about Amblyopia Occlusion Therapy for 24 weeks, which included face to face consultations, telephone counseling, etc.. The degree of parenting stress and efficacy were measured by using questionnaires and the visual acuity was measured by visual examination. The data were analyzed using the ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact probability test, t-test and Repeated Measure ANOVA using SPSS PC+20.0 for Windows. The following results were found after the therapy. The experimental group had statistically significantly higher visual acuity (Rt, F=40.64, p<.001, Lt, F=10.28, p<.001), lower parenting stress scores (F=9.85, p=.003) and higher parenting efficacy scores (F=22.19, p<.001) than the control group. In conclusion, the Mothers about Amblyopia. Occlusion Therapy Education Program was effective in improving the visual acuity of the amblyopia children, and decreasing the parenting stress and enhancing the parenting efficacy of their parents.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether types of sensory-stimuli cues in terms of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory cues can be affected to motor sequential learning in healthy adults, using serial reaction time task. Methods: Twenty four healthy subjects participated in this study, who were randomly allocated into three groups, in terms of visual-stimuli (VS) group, auditory-stimuli (AS) group, and visuoauditory-stimuli (VAS) group. In SRT task, eight Arabic numbers were adopted as presentational stimulus, which were composed of three different types of presentational modules, in terms of visual, auditory, and visuoauditory stimuli. On an experiment, all subjects performed total 3 sessions relevant to each stimulus module with a pause of 10 minutes for training and pre-/post-tests. At the pre- and post-tests, reaction time and accuracy were calculated. Results: In reaction time, significant differences were founded in terms of between-subjects, within-subjects, and interaction effect for group ${\times}$ repeated factor. In accuracy, no significant differences were observed in between-group and interaction effect for groups ${\times}$ repeated factor. However, a significant main effect of within-subjects was observed. In addition, a significant difference was showed in comparison of differences of changes between the pre- and post-test only in the reaction time among three groups. Conclusion: This study suggest that short-term sequential motor training on one day induced behavioral modification, such as speed and accuracy of motor response. In addition, we found that motor training using visual-stimuli cue showed better effect of motor skill acquisition, compared to auditory and visuoauditory-stimuli cues.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-88
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of anterior, posterior, and lateral pelvic tilt exercise upon the gait characteristics of patients with hemiplegia including their gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length of the non affected side, step length of the affected side, foot angle of the non affected side, foot angle of the affected side, base of support, and so on. The subject of this study was 24 men and women patients with hemiplegia. The patients, the subject of this study, were classified into 12 patients of treatment group applying pelvic tilt exercise using visual feedback and 12 patients of control group applying general pelvic tilt exercise, and then analyzed their gait before and after exercise. Temporal distance gait analysis (Boening, 1977) was used to analyze their gait, and ink foot-print was applied as on of measurement methods. To find out meaningful difference between control group and treatment group, this study carried out independent sample t-test for each item by utilizing SPSS/Win 10.0, compared changes in control group's and treatment group's gait characteristics before and after exercise as percentage, and applied paired t-test to conduct before-after test in same group. Statistical significance level was ${\alpha}$ < 0.05. The results of this study were as follows. As a result of independent sample t-test for control group's and treatment group's gait characteristics after exercise, it was not statistically significant so there was no meaningful difference between two groups. However, it was statistically significant in the change rate(%) of gait characteristics, and treatment group's patients with hemiplegia had been highly changed in gait characteristics in comparison with control group. From the above-mentioned results, could find that pelvic tilt exercise using visual feedback for patients with hemiplegia was effective to improve their gait ability and it could increase the ability in comparison with general pelvic tilt exercise. In the future, studies on the effect of pelvic tilt exercise using visual feedback shall be continued based on more quantitative methods.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the effects of robot-assisted gait training with visual feedback on gait, balance, and balance confidence in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Thirty subjects with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). The experimental group performed robot-assisted gait training for 30 minutes and the control group performed gait training with assisted devices training for 30 minutes after both groups performed conventional physical therapy for 30 minutes. Both groups performed the therapeutic interventions for 5 days per week, for a period of 4 weeks. For assessment of the 10 m walking test (10 MWT), Figure of 8 on the walk test (F8WT), Timed-Up and Go test (TUG), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were used to test the gait and balance, and the Korean version of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale was used to test the balance confidence. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement in the 10 MWT and the K-ABC (p<0.05), and the control group showed significant improvement in the BBS and the TUG (p<0.05). In four measurements, there were significant differences between the two groups (p<0.05), and the control group showed significant improvement in the F8WT at pre and post intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Robot-assisted gait training with visual feedback is an effective intervention for improving straight gait abilities and balance confidence, while the control group showed some improvement in curve gait and balance. Thus, we suggest both Robot-assisted gait training with visual feedback and gait training with assisted devices training exercise as a therapeutic intervention in chronic stroke rehabilitation.