• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.119-122
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• 2007

TRUTEC building, which is located at DMC B block is zone, is just one the office building in Soeul. TRUTEC building is designed by Barkow Leibinger Architeken in Germany, has 5 stories under and 12 stories above and has been finished with the unique three dimensional curtain wall unit. Big trial to make unique elevation succeeded as getting rid of the typical plain curtain wall unit. In addition, aluminum bars are treated by the latest CNC machine in order to achieve 3D section. Construction of curtain wall is highly focused from the moment of contract to keep the schedule because the contract period is 18 months. Regular design meeting and technical meeting between stakeholders including construction manager, designer, engineer, consultant and so on have been held during the construction to minimize the risks from the unique elevation and trial. Step by step mock-up test (design mock-up and visual mock-up on site) has been performed before functional mock-up test.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.6-9
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• 2003

Background: The use of neurolytic agents to control neuropathic pain has been described from the last century Phenol and ethyl alcohol have been widely used as neurolytic agents, however, their neurolytic effect is variable in efficacy and duration of action, and infrequently accompanied with grave complications. It has been found that 5% lidocaine causes irreversible conduction blockade in animal studies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the neurolytic effect of 5%o lidocaine on various neuropathic pain syndromes for prolonged analgesia. Methods: Twenty-five patients with a diagnosis of neuropathic pain including trigeminal neuralgia (n = 7), postherpetic neuralgia (n = 10), and postsurgical neuralgia (n = 8) were selected after failure of routine therapeutic regimens. After performing a diagnostic nerve block with 1% lidocaine and 5% lidocaine was injected. The patients were followed for 6 months. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores and side effects were recorded for each patients. Results: A significant decrease in pain scores after neurolytic blockade with 5% lidocaine was seen in all of three pain groups. All the patients reported immediate and prolonged pain relief lasting from 4 weeks to 6 months. None of patients exhibited any appreciable side effects or complications. Conclusions: We suggest that 5% lidocaine may be used safely and effectively for the purpose of prolonged analgesia in selected patients with intractable neuropathic pain syndromes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.383-393
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• 2010

DVC (Distributed Video Coding) allows us to explore the video statistics at the decoder side, resulting in a less complex encoder and more complex decoder. In this approach, it is important to generate a good prediction to the current Wyner-Ziv frame, called side information, which plays a crucial role in the overall performance of a DVC system. Conventional MCFI (motion compensated frame interpolation) techniques, which explore temporal correlations between neighbor frames of the current frame, preform the block-based or object-based motion estimation, but, they do not include the basis frame for the Wyner-Ziv frame. This paper proposes an efficient way to get better side information, by finding the average frame between neighbor frames and by comparing adaptively the candidate blocks. Through computer simulations, it is shown that the proposed method can improve the performance up to 0.4dB and provide better subjective and objective visual qualities in Wyner-Ziv CODEC.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.679-686
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• 2014

Recently, users can get countless images and videos by network. So, the compression technology of image and video is researched more and more. However, the situation which is the interested range of the image is occurred. For instance, since the region of face is more important than background, the image compression technology bases on the region of interest (ROI) is necessary, in the ATM environment. In this research, given the human visual system, which are not sensitive to illumination variations at very dark and light regions of image, we calculate the standard deviation of block and use this value to define the ROI. In encoding process, the relatively high quality can be obtained at the ROI and the relatively low quality can be obtained at the non ROI. In proposed scheme, the feature which is the encoding process according to subjectively image quality can be demonstrated. Finally, this proposed scheme is applied to JPEG standard. The experimental results demonstrate that proposed scheme can achieve better image quality at the high compression ratio.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.1C
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• pp.23-33
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• 2007

Video compression is essential technique for fast and efficient transmission of a large amount of video data maintaining high quality. Also, motion estimation and motion compensation is most important technique for efficient video compression. A proposed method is improved diamond search method which uses split diamond pattern and rotated diamond pattern. In particular, the proposed method shows superb result when it is used for the sequence with a direction of camera moving. Moreover when it is used for the sequence with little motion, complexity is reduced considerably by using fewer search points. Also, by varying the number of initial search points, the propose method can provide several options in terms of duality or speed. Simulation results shows that the proposed method sustains better visual quality compared with diamond search method and HEXBS even by using fewer search points. Besides, compared with existing methods, it is able to conduct a motion estimation more efficiently by changing the number of search points adaptively according to motion of video data.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.62-64
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• 2013

Hemifacial spasm is defined as unilateral, involuntary, irregular twitching of all or parts of the muscles innervated by facial nerves. Here, we present a case of recurrent hemifacial spasm after microvascular decompression (MVD) treated with pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment with good results. A 35-year-old woman suffered from recurrent hemifacial spasm after MVD that was refractory to medical treatment and botulinum toxin injections. We attempted a left facial nerve block twice. Then, we applied PRF at a maximum temperature of $42^{\circ}C$ for 120 sec. Some response was observed, so we applied PRF two additional times. The frequency of twitch decreased from 3-4 Hz to < 0.5 Hz, and subjective severity on a visual analogue scale also decreased from 10/10 to 2-3/10. PRF treatment might be an effective medical treatment for refractory hemifacial spasm and has fewer complications and is less invasive compared with those of surgery.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.9 no.4 s.25
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• pp.434-445
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• 2004

Motion Estimation is an essential module in video encoders based on international standards such as H.263 and MPEG. Many fast motion estimation algorithms have been proposed in order to reduce the computational complexity of a well-known full search algorithms(FS). However, these fast algorithms can not work efficiently in DSP processors recently developed for video processing. To solve for this. we propose an efficient motion estimation scheme optimized in the DSP processor like Philips TM1300. A motion vector predictor is pre-estimated and a small search range is chosen in the proposed scheme using strong motion vector correlation between a current macro block (MB) and its neighboring MB's to reduce computation time. An MPEG-4 SP@L3(Simple Profile at Level 3) encoding system is implemented in Philips TM1300 to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In that processor, we can achieve better performance using our method than other conventional ones while keeping visual quality as good as that of the FS.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of robot arm reach training on upper extremity functional movement in chronic stroke survivors. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Thirteen chronic stroke survivors participated in this study. Robot arm reach training was performed with a Whole Arm Manipulator (WAM) and a 120-inch projective display to provide visual and auditory feedback. During the robotic arm reach training, WAM provided gravity compensation and assist-as-needed (AAN) force according to the robot control mode. When a participant could not move the arm toward the target for more than 2 seconds, WAM provided AAN force to reach the desired targets. All patients participated in the training for 40 minutes per day, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Main outcome measures were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and Box and Block Test (BBT) to assess upper extremity functional movement. Results: After 4 weeks, significant improvement was observed in upper extremity functional movement (FMA: 42.15 to 46.23, BBT: 12.23 to 14.00, p<0.05). In the subscore analysis of the FMA upper extremity motor function domains, significant improvement was observed in upper extremity and coordination/speed units (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the ARAT. Conclusions: This study showed the positive effects of robot arm reach training on upper extremity functional movement in chronic stroke survivors. In particular, we confirmed that robot arm reach training could have a positive influence by leading to improvement of motor recovery of the proximal upper extremity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.131-136
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• 2019

People with compromised visual ability suffer from many inconveniences in daily life, such as distinguishing colors, identifying currency notes and realizing the atmospheric temperature. Therefore, to assist the visually impaired people, we propose a system by utilizing optical and infrared cameras. In the proposed system, an optical camera is used to collect features related to colors and currency notes while an infrared camera is utilized to get temperature information. The user is enabled to select the desired service by pushing the button and the appreciate voice information are provided through the speaker. The device can distinguish 16 kinds of colors, four different currency notes, and temperature information in four steps and the current accuracy is around 90%. It can be improved further through block-wise input image, machine learning, and a higher version of the infrared camera. In addition, it will be attached to the stick for easy carrying and to use it more conveniently.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 2022

Objective : Early descent of the diaphragm sellae (DS) during endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for pituitary macroadenoma surgery is occasionally a troublesome event by blocking the surgical field. Here we introduce an alternative technique with the new pituitary retractor and present our clinical experiences. Methods : We designed a simple and rigid pituitary retractor with the least space occupation in the nasal cavity to be compatible in EETS. The pituitary retractor was held by external holder system to support the herniated DS stably. We retrospectively reviewed a clinical 22 cases of pituitary macroadenomas underwent EETS using the pituitary retractor. Results : The pituitary retractor stably pushed up the herniated DS in all cases, and the surgeon proceeded the procedure with bimanual maneuver. The pituitary retractor was helpful to remove tumors around the medial cavernous sinus and behind the DS in 16 and seven cases, respectively. In four cases, the meticulous hemostasis was completed with the direct visualization by the DS elevation with this retractor. Gross total tumor resection was performed in 20/22 patients (91%). The impaired visual function and hypopituitarism were improved in 18/20 (90%) and 7/14 (50%) patients after surgery, respectively. There was no complication related with the pituitary retractor. Conclusion : During EETS for pituitary macroadenomas, the novel pituitary retractor reported in this study is a very useful technique when the herniated DS block the surgical field and bimanual maneuver. This pituitary retractor can help to result in the excellent surgical outcomes with minimal morbidity.