• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of a self-exercise program on low back pain, abdominal-back muscle strength and waist flexibility in hospital nurses. Method: An experimental research design was employed. 43 subjects (20 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group) who worked in a general hospital in W city agreed to participate in this study. The intervention had 6 sessions with self-exercise program including flexion and extension demonstrated by a trained research assistant. A Visual Analog Scale was used to measure the subjective pain severity. Abdominal-back muscle strength was measured with a back strength dynamometer, while waist flexibility was gauged by the standing of the subject's upper body. Analysis included descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test and ANOVA. Result: The experimental group exhibited significantly decreased low back pain, an increase in abdominal-back muscle strength, and increased waist flexibility after 6 sessions. The experimental group were not significantly increased in abdominal-back muscle strength than the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that further research is needed to replicate for verification of clinical validity with the methodological rigors, and to utilize the self-exercise program for care and prevention of low back pain.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the level of pain and depression in middle-aged women with chronic low back pain. Method: A descriptive correlational research design was utilized. The participants were middle-aged women who visited two back pain clinics in Wonju from October, 2006 through February, 2007. A total of 195 low back pain patients agreed to participate in this study, and data from 177 were analyzed. Data was collected using a questionnaire which included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Center Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), and general characteristics. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized in the analysis. Results: The mean score for chronic low back pain as measured by the VAS was 4.99 (SD 2.41). The average score for depression as measured by the CES-D was 22.00 (SD 10.18). There was a significant relationship between the level of pain and depression (r=.372, p<.001). Conclusion: Nurses need to take into consideration depression of middle-age women with chronic low back pain for assessment and intervention. In the future, developing a strategy for integrating intervention of pain-control and depression will be needed in nursing care for middle-aged women with chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-80
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• 2013

A new technology of fashion show is opening the digital era and an imaginary fashion show is now arising as a new form of fashion show which allows one to enjoy a collection through the monitor without holding a real fashion show. Digital fashion show allows designer to create infinite ideas by articulating the designer's concept through not only garments but also other factors. In this research, We will analyze cases which are mixtures of digital technology and fashion show and will suggest a new paradigm of fashion show by producing an imaginary fashion show which cannot be easily articulated in an ordinary real fashion show, articulated by garments created by digital technology and graphic effects. The program used for this study is 'DC Suite 2.0' developed by Physan and Digital Clothing Center of Seoul National University, available for 2D pattern production and 3D simulation. In addition, in order to enhance representation of the visual effects, Maya's Qualoth and V-ray program which could be compatible with 'DC Suite' were used to make 3D digital fashion show.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.28-40
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• 2002

For modern man and woman, footwear is considered a fashion for expressing oneself, and not merely a protective tool for the feet. The purpose of this research is to increase the effect of sales promotional activities by emphasizing product image and by enhancing sales environment. Towards this end, this research focuses on the study of environment at footwear stores that meet the challenges incurred by the changing lifestyles of consumers and the ensuing dynamics of the society in general. Research is based on an in-depth, thorough study of the previous research works and entails examining theoretical background and the concept of Visual Merchandising Display (VMD). Research will focus on the analysis of current situation at footwear stores located in department store based on material research on footwear stores and theoretical examination. Research on the current situation of footwear stores at department store will be conducted from the VMD perspective. In the end, this research paper will make suggestions on the VMD measures for footwear stores with the aim of increasing sales by satisfying consumers' sensibility and purchasing desire. Suggestions will be made based on the results of the research. -Study of current VMD status per fixture centered on 18 brands at department store -Suggestions for VMD at footwear stores based on the survey results of customer purchasing behavior This research intends to develop structured VMD methodology for footwear stores based on the research centered on VMD research of footwear stores at department store. Significance of this research lies in its aim to contribute to the sales increase, no matter how trivial it might be. Going a step further, this research work could be considered one of the foundations for defining the role of VMD methodology at footwear stores. Suggested results are as follows. (1) Need to cast away from simple, one-dimensional type of display method at footwear stores and transform into product image oriented VMD (2) Need to highlight product image by fully leveraging props and by developing footwear display methods that are suitable for different types of fixtures (3) Need to stabilize VMD by developing footwear manual that enables efficient management by store operator.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1809-1818
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• 2009

In order to correctly understand the Internet fashion shopping mall, which is expected to continuously grow up, and to strengthen marketing activities in cyber space, a more scientific and systematic research is necessary. Most of the early researches of the Internet fashion shopping mall were focused on technical parts so they studied the environmental and physical characteristics of the Internet fashion shopping mall, but recently, the Internet fashion shopping mall is activated and accordingly, the interest in Internet shopping users is going up. Under this circumstance, the research to understand the characteristics of Internet shopping consumers becomes necessary. Therefore, the research was conducted by a survey, focusing on college students who use Internet a lot. The survey covered the experience and the type of using the Internet fashion shopping mall, the extent of satisfaction, strengths, and weaknesses of the Internet fashion shopping mall, the use of a cyber fitting system, and the possibility of the development of the Internet fashion shopping mall having a cyber fitting system. As a result of the study, it was found that: most of the students used the Internet fashion shopping mall; they used a fashion-specialized mall most; they pointed out economy of time as the biggest strength of using the Internet fashion shopping mall; they thought the biggest weakness of the Internet fashion shopping mall is that they can not try on clothes so they can not check whether clothes go well with them or not; and regarding the intention to use a cyber fitting system if available and the possibility of the development of the Internet fashion shopping mall, they replied that they would use it and the malls with the system would be developed. Based on the results, this study proposes a cyber fitting system as an improvement of the Internet fashion shopping mall.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 1994

The cutaneous stimulation is an independent nursing intervention used in various painful conditions, and is explained by gate control theory. This study was aimed at identifying the effect of cutaneous stimulation on reduction of arteriovenous fistula puncture pain of hemodialysis patients. One group repeated measurement post test research was designed. Forty-five hemodialysis patients who received arteriovenous fistula puncture regulary in hemodialysis units of an attacted D hospital to K university have been studied from August 16 to 21, 1993. First the arteriovenous fistula puncture pain of control period was measured, and then the arteriovenous fistula puncture pain of experimental period(with cutaneous stimulation) was measured. The instrument used for this study were visual analogue pain scale as subjective pain measurement, objective pain behavior checklist and Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Inventory as intervening variables. Analysis of data was done by use of paired t-test, t-test, ANOVA and Perarson correlation coefficient. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1) The first hypothesis that the subjective pain score of arteriovenous fistula puncture pain in experimental period(with cutaneous stimulation) will be lower than in control period was partly supported. The subjective pain score of arterial line was rejected(paired t=-0.28, p=0.77) and the subjective pain score of venous line was supported(paired t=2.61, p=0.01). 2) The second hypothesis that the objective pain behavior score of arteriovenous fistula pain in experimental period(with cutaneous stimulation) will be lower than in control period was rejected(arterial line paired t=-0.45, p=0.65; venous line paired t=-0.36, p=0.72). 3) The third hypothesis that the cardiopulmonary signs of arteriovenous fistula puncture pain in experimental period(with cutaneous stimulation) will be lower than in control period was rejected(pulse paired t=-0.8, p=0.42; systolic BP paired t=0.98, p=0.33; diastolic BP paired t=0.43, p=0.66). Further experimental studies with simple intravenous injection patients will be recommended in order to identify the effect of cutaneous stimulation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2013

Objectives: Assessment of dental pain severity is very challenging in dentistry. Previous studies have suggested that elevated salivary alpha amylase may contribute to increased physical stresses. There is a close association between salivary alpha amylase and plasma norepinephrine under stressful physical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pain severity and salivary alpha amylase levels in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients (20 females and 16 males) with severe tooth pain due to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were selected. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to assess the pain severity in each patient. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and the level of alpha amylase activity was assessed by the spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13. Results: The level of alpha amylase was significantly increased in the saliva in association with pain severity assessed by VAS. The salivary alpha amylase was also elevated with increased age and in males. Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between the VAS pain scale and salivary alpha amylase level, which indicates this biomarker may be a good index for the objective assessment of pain intensity.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1372-1381
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• 2017

In this paper, a texture feature extraction method using local energy and local correlation of Gabor transformed images is proposed and applied to an image retrieval system. The Gabor wavelet is known to be similar to the response of the human visual system. The outputs of the Gabor transformation are robust to variants of object size and illumination. Due to such advantages, it has been actively studied in various fields such as image retrieval, classification, analysis, etc. In this paper, in order to fully exploit the superior aspects of Gabor wavelet, local energy and local correlation features are extracted from Gabor transformed images and then applied to an image retrieval system. Some experiments are conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method with those of the conventional Gabor method and the popular rotation-invariant uniform local binary pattern (RULBP) method in terms of precision vs recall. The Mahalanobis distance is used to measure the similarity between a query image and a database (DB) image. Experimental results for Corel DB and VisTex DB show that the proposed method is superior to the conventional Gabor method. The proposed method also yields precision and recall 6.58% and 3.66% higher on average in Corel DB, respectively, and 4.87% and 3.37% higher on average in VisTex DB, respectively, than the popular RULBP method.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.369-374
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• 2009

Objective : Percutaneous vertebroplasty (VP) can provide immediate stabilization in pathologic fractures of spinal tumors. However, long term follow-up data in cases of pathologic fractures are lacking. The authors report follow-up results of VP in 185 pathologic fractures of 102 spinal tumor patients. Methods : Percutaneous VP was performed at 185 vertebral bodies of 102 patients from 2001 to 2007. Retrospective analysis was done with medical records and radiological data. The change of visual analogue score (VAS), vertebral body (VB) height and kyphotic angle were measured preoperatively and on postoperative one day and at 3, 6, and 12 months. Results : The patients were composed of metastatic spine tumors (81%) and multiple myeloma (19%). Involved spinal segments were between T6 and L5. Mean follow-up period was 12.2 months. VAS for back pain was 8.24 preoperatively, 3.59 (postoperative one day), 4.08 (three months) and 5.22 (one year). VB compression ratio changed from 21.33% preoperatively to 13.82% (postoperative one day), 14.36% (three month), and 16.04% (one year). Kyphotic angle changed from $15.35^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $12.03^{\circ}$ (postoperative one day), $13.64^{\circ}$ (three month), and $15.61^{\circ}$ (one year). Conclusion : Immediate pain relief was definite after VP in pathologic compression fracture of osteolytic spinal disease. Although VAS was slightly increased on one year follow-up, VP effect was maintained without significant change. These results indicate that VP could be a safe and effective procedure as a palliative treatment of the spinal tumor patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

In this paper, a study on facial movements are analyzed in terms of opposite emotion stimuli by image processing of Kinect facial image. To induce two opposite emotion pairs such as "Sad - Excitement"and "Contentment - Angry" which are oppositely positioned onto Russell's 2D emotion model, both visual and auditory stimuli are given to subjects. Firstly, 31 main points are chosen among 121 facial feature points of active appearance model obtained from Kinect Face Tracking SDK. Then, pixel changes around 31 main points are analyzed. In here, local minimum shift matching method is used in order to solve a problem of non-linear facial movement. At results, right and left side facial movements were occurred in cases of "Sad" and "Excitement" emotions, respectively. Left side facial movement was comparatively more occurred in case of "Contentment" emotion. In contrast, both left and right side movements were occurred in case of "Angry" emotion.