• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.411-417
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• 2017

Background: Adenophora triphylla var. japonica (Regel) H. Hara shows vegetative growth with radical leaves during the first year and shows reproductive growth with cauline leaves and bolting during the second year. In addition, the shape of the plant varies within the same species. For this reason, there are limitations to classifying the species by visual examination. However, there is not sufficient genetic information or molecular tools to analyze the genetic diversity of the plant. Methods and Results: Approximately 34.59 Gbp of raw data containing 342,487,502 reads was obtained from next generation sequencing (NGS) and these reads were assembled into 357,211 scaffolds. A total of 84,106 simple sequence repeat (SSR) regions were identified and 14,133 primer sets were designed. From the designed primer sets, 95 were randomly selected and were applied to the genomic DNA which was extracted from five plants and pooled. Thirty-nine primer sets showing more than two bands were finally selected as SSR markers, and were used for the genetic relationship analysis. Conclusions: The 39 novel SSR markers developed in this study could be used for the genetic diversity analysis, variety identification, new variety development and molecular breeding of A. triphylla.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.631-644
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of an instrument for pattern identification and evaluation in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).Methods: The study consisted of 66 patients with CIPN (visual analog scale ≥30 mm, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ≤2). The test-retest reliability of the instrument for pattern identification and evaluation in CIPN was tested twice with the same patients in one week.Results: Pearson’s coefficient test-retest reliability of the instrument was 0.601-0.777. The internal reliability of each part was 0.619-0.811. To confirm the validity of the instrument for pattern identification and evaluation for CIPN, the correlation between the score for each identification pattern and that of other CIPN instruments was analyzed. The results revealed a positive correlation between the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General and CIPN-20.Conclusion: The reliability of the instrument for pattern identification and evaluation in CIPN was moderate, and the validity analysis revealed a positive correlation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.118-135
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• 2015

This study probed into the fashion of modern girls between the 1920's and the 1930's who led the mentality and fashion of women as the progenitor of the alpha girl in Korea. For this, the fashion of actual people who received attention as modern girls in various occupations and that of modern girl heroines reinterpreted in films were examined. Methods included the theoretical study based on fashion related newspaper articles at the time, specialized publications, advance researches, and internet data and the empirical study that involved contents analysis centering on visual data. The Western women's fashion between the 1920's-1930's was dominated by the garçonne look to promote women's entry into society and competition against men and the practical and mature long and slim look due to the influence of economic recess. Korean people also adapted Western clothes following Western fashion while also modified the traditional clothes and wore modified Korean clothes. The fashion of 5 actual modern girls of Korea and that of 3 film heroines were examined. The fashion of actual people most well represented the fashion trends at the time and that they used fashion as the means to express their mentality and their artistic propensity and professionalism were expressed through fashion. On the other hand, the fashion of film heroines substantially expressed various occupations of the characters in the film and reflected trendy clothes and cosmetics, and it showed sexy and romantic fashion trend due to the influence of modern trends and reinterpretations.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.691-702
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• 2011

Recently, several researchers have attempted to combine human visual perception and computer graphics. Cole et. al. suggest the study results in which line drawing algorithm in computer graphics characterize the properties of line drawing made by artists. The paper also evaluates CG line drawing algorithms depending on whether people recognize effectively specific 3D shape from the image made by those CG line drawing algorithms. However, human recognizes the shape of objects more effectively in image made by BRDF shading model than line drawing algorithm. It means that the shading factor is important to recognize shape with human perception. In this paper, we analyze the correlation between shading made by human artists and that made by CG shading algorithms. The study is to characterize the mathematical properties of artists' shading and CG shading. This type of analysis can guide the future development of new CG shading algorithm in computer graphics for the purpose of shape perception.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.463-473
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• 2011

Purpose: Cervical cancer can be prevented by regular cervical screening. Embarrassment has been reported as one important barrier to cervical screening uptake. The absence of appropriate instrumentation, however, has limited our understanding of the links between embarrassment and health care outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometric attributes of the uterine cervical cancer screening embarrassment questionnaire. Methods: A convenience sample for field study was recruited from four gynecological clinics in Gyeongju, Korea. Within a cross-sectional descriptive design, 339 women who had cervical screening completed self-administered measures of embarrassment including a visual analogue, general medical embarrassment, dispositional embarrassment, and Pap smear related negative emotion. Results: Rasch analysis of items demonstrated the evidence of one-dimensional construct and good 7-point rating scales functioning. Factor analysis revealed that uterine cervical cancer screening embarrassment was comprised of two domains-bodily manifestations and perceiving an undesirable social face. Construct validity was demonstrated by a high subscale-to-subscale correlation. Convergent and discriminant validity was evidenced by significant correlations with a 100 mm VAS scale, general medical embarrassment, and Pap smear related negative emotion. Known-group validity was established by comparing women with high versus low trait embarrassment. Both two sub-scales and overall scale demonstrated good internal reliability. Conclusion: The Uterine uterine cervical cancer screening questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument suited to assessing the manifestations of embarrassment during screening. The use of instrument can be extended to understand the client's embarrassment undergoing health examinations which require the exposure of their private parts.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.475-482
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• 2019

Analyzing the inner meaning and expression of philosophy by analyzing the composition, symbolic expression, and style of the film with high artistic perfection, which contains the spirit of the times, considers human beings through society and history, and raises awareness of life and the present generation. It will be a very meaningful and valuable study in film as art. The movie 'Rome' was cut into the rest of the public's mind by being tempered, hidden and omitted, and the color was black and white. Many aesthetic attempts can be found through symbolic images expressing the ironic message of maid's daily life as a race, capital, socially oppressed history. It can be seen that he expresses his own authorism visual language by drawing symbolic expressions through many contrasts and symbolic expressions through objects. The analysis of commercial films containing these artistic values is expected to help in the future production as a measure of the progress of art films and precedents of authorism expression techniques.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the effects of social distancing in COVID-19 on musculoskeletal problems and the quality of life. Methods: One hundred and thirty-five subjects participated in this study and responded to an online survey on stress from the social distancing in COVID-19, computer and smartphone usages, musculoskeletal pain, and quality of life. The stress from social distancing was assessed by a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The Neck Disability Index (NDI), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) were provided to assess the musculoskeletal pain, and Short Form-36 (SF-36) was provided to assess the quality of life. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and independent t-test were used for data analysis. Results: Statistically significant, but low positive correlation stress from the social distancing (VAS) and NDI (r=0.19, p<0.05) and ODI (r=0.18, p<0.05), and negative correlation between stress from the social distancing (VAS) and SF-36 (r=-0.17, p<0.05). The NDI score was significantly greater in the group with high stress than in the group with low stress from social distancing (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that it evaluated, through the physical therapy approaches, the potential side-effects on physical and mental health in various social changes caused by COVID-19. The results of this study may be used as basic data in future studies related to COVID-19.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.518-530
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• 2021

Background: This study examined the effect of having a usual source of care on the degree of patient-centered communication among persons with disability. The role of the usual source of care has been emphasized to improve patient experience, especially for patients with complex health conditions. Methods: This study used the 2017-2018 Korean Health Panel data, and the final study observations were 22,475 (20,806 people without disability and 1,669 people with disability). We applied generalized estimating equation model to show the effect of having a usual source of care on patient-centered communication, and subgroup analysis considering the types and severity of disabilities. Results: Persons who have disabilities, compared with ones without it, significantly had more usual sources of care (32.4% vs. 24.6%). By type of disability, persons with mental (51.4%), internal organ (43.8%), visual (37%), and physical disabilities (31.6%) had more usual sources of care than hearing/speech (26.6%), and developmental disabilities (18.6%). The average score of patient-centered communication was higher among who had a usual sources of care (3.2 vs. 2.7), and the regression analysis showed that having a usual sources of care was positively associated with higher patient-centered communication score (𝛽=0.476, p<0.05). However, the positive effects of usual sources of care was not observed among persons with severe hearing/speech, developmental, and mental disabilities. Conclusion: This study showed that role of patient-centered communication was limited in persons with severe hearing/speech disabilities, developmental, and mental disabilities. The education programs and supports are needed to improve communication skills between medical staff and persons with specific types of disabilities.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1017-1027
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• 2018

Study Design: This retrospective study was conducted including 18 patients who underwent posterior-only stabilization and fusion procedure for pseudoarthrosis in the ankylosed spine from October 2007 to May 2015. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the treatment outcomes in 18 patients with Andersson lesion (AL) who were managed using the posterior-only approach. Literature Review: AL is an unstable, localized, vertebral, or discovertebral lesion of the spine. It is observed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The exact etiology of this disorder remains unclear, and the treatment guidelines are not clearly described. Methods: We analyzed 18 patients with AL who were treated with posterior long segment spinal fusion without any anterior interbody grafting or posterior osteotomy. Pre- and postoperative radiography, computed tomography, and recent follow-up images were examined. The pre- and postoperative Visual Analog Scale score and the Oswestry Disability Index score were evaluated for all patients. Whiteclouds' outcome analysis criteria were applied at the follow-up. Moreover, at study completion, patient feedback was collected; all the patients were asked to provide their opinion regarding the surgery and were asked whether they would recommend this procedure to other patients and them self undergo the same procedure again if required. Results: The most common site was the thoracolumbar junction. The symptom duration ranged from 1 month to 10 years preoperatively. Most patients experienced fusion by the end of 1 year, and the fusion mass could be observed as early as 4 months. Pseudoarthrosis void of up to 2.5 cm was noted to be healed in subsequent imaging. In addition, clinically, the patients reported good symptomatic relief. No patient required revision surgery. Whiteclouds' outcome analysis score at the latest follow-up revealed goodto-excellent outcomes in all patients. Conclusions: ALs can be treated using the posterior-only approach with long segment fixation and posterior spinal fusion. This is a safe, simple, and quick procedure that prevents the morbidity of anterior surgery.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.33-54
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• 2016

This study presents a comparative analysis of the calligrammic poetic dictions shown in the poems of the French poets Guillaume Apollinaire and Paul Eluard and in those of the Korean poet Lee Sang. They were adventurers in the avant-garde movement who used experimental techniques that led to futurism, expressionism, cubism, dadaism, and surrealism. They applied a typographic technique that combined pictorial arrangements of fonts, shapes of compositions and between lines, letters of the alphabet, mathematical symbols, and graphical elements, such as circles or lines, to make up a poem that also looked like a painting. Their works, valued as visual lyric poems, break up language and combine anti-poems. They rejected traditional poetic dictions or grammar, but developed a paratactic poem that freely uses letters and symbols. Their calligrammic poetic dictions arouse dynamic images like space extension. Lee Sang's calligrams seem like abstract paintings that apply geometric symbols like those used in technical drawings. As a result, crossing the boundaries between language and pictorial art by using experimental materials and techniques, their poems deconstruct the creative standards of rational and traditional poetic dictions, creating an adventurous, expressive technique. Their calligrammic, avant-garde poems introduced a new spirit of art into both French and Korean modern poetic literature.