• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on a visual analysis scale and functional visual analysis scale regarding functional capacity. A total of 7 consecutive patients with the complaint of patellofemoral pain syndrome who received this diagnosis from a sports medicine physician were recruited to assess the effect of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Functional Visual Analog Scale (FVAS), functional capacity patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. The exercise rehabilitation consisted of a complex training program requiring five treatments a week for eight weeks. The training program consisted of four phases, and each lasted for two weeks. Statistical analyses were one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences in the VAS and FVAS during 8-weeks of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (p<.01). (2) There were no significant differences in the functional capacity during 8-weeks of rehabilitation exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (p<.05). In conclusion, at the end of the eight weeks of this rehabilitation program and neuromuscular electrical stimulation, a significant reduction was found in VAS and FVAS, but there was no significant difference in functional capacity at the end of the treatment.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.171-177
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• 2011

Objectives : This study is designed to evaluate the effect of Hyun-Ga therapy for the scoliosis patient with Lumbago. Methods : After treatment with Hyun-Ga therapy compared with Cobb's angle and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results : After six treatments with Hyun-Ga therapy in one case, significant decrease in Cobb's angle and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was observed. Conclusions : Hyun-Ga therapy might be effective for the scoliosis patient with Lumbago. It will be attempted to more patients in the future.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2006

Objective : This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bee Venom acupuncture therapy on external epicondylitis. Methods : We divided chronic arthritis of ankle patient into 2 groups; one group combined bee venom acupuncture therapy and acupuncture therapy, another group was only acupuncture therapy. To estimate the effectiveness of treatment that applied for two groups, we used visual analog scale(VAS). We compared the VAS score of two groups statistically. Results : 1. As a result of evaluation by using visual analog scale(VAS), treatment score at final was marked more higher than score before treatment on each groups. 2. treatment at final, acupuncture and bee venom acupuncture therapy group had significant result on visual analog scale(VAS) compared with acupuncture therapy group. Conclusion : Bee Venom acupuncture therapy can be used with acupuncture therapy for highly effective treatment for external epicondylitis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of manipulation complex therapy on ankle sprain with ankle pain. Methods : We divided ankle sprain with ankle pain patient into 2 groups; one group combined manipulation therapy and acupuncture therapy, another group was only acupuncture therapy. To estimate the efficacy of treatment that applied for two groups, we used visual analog scale(VAS) and ankle-hindfoot scale(AHS). We compared the VAS score and AHS score of two groups statistically. Results : 1. As a result of evaluation by using visual analog scale(VAS) and ankle-hindfoot scale(AHS), treatment score at final was marked more higher than score before treatment on each groups. 2. treatment at final, acupuncture and manipulation therapy group had significant result on visual analog scale(VAS) and ankle-hindfoot scale(AHS) compared with acupuncture therapy group. Conclusions : Manipulation therapy can be used with acupuncture therapy for highly effective treatment for ankle sprain with ankle pain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.21-26
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bee Venom acupuncture therapy on chronic arthritis of ankle, Methods : We divided chronic arthritis of ankle patient into 2 group; one group combined bee venom acupuncture therapy and acupuncture therapy, another group was only acupuncture therapy. To estimate the efficacy of treatment that applied for two groups, we used visual analog scale(VAS). We compared the VAS score of two groups statistically. Results : 1. As a result of evaluation by using visual analog scale(VAS), treatment score at final was marked more higher than score before treatment on each groups. 2. treatment at final, acupuncture and bee venom acupuncture therapy group had significant result on visual analog scale(VAS) compared with acupuncture therapy group. Conclusion : Bee Venom acupuncture therapy can be used with acupuncture therapy for highly effective treatment for chronic arthritis of ankle.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bee Venom acupuncture therapy on patients with cervical spondylosis. Methods: We investigated 29 cases of patients with cervical spondylosis. We divided patients into two groups: Bee venom Acupuncture was performed at one group, and the other group we did acupuncture therapy. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment applied for two groups, we used visual analog scale(VAS) and neck disability index(NDI). We compared the VAS and NDI score of two groups statistically. Results : As a result of evaluation by using visual analog scale(VAS) and neck disability index(NDI), treatment score at final was significantly different from that at the baseline in each groups. Treatment at final, Bee venom acupuncture therapy group showed significant difference on visual analog scale(VAS) and neck disability index(NDI) compared with acupuncture therapy group. Conclusions : Bee Venom acupuncture therapy can be used with acupuncture therapy for highly effective in the patient with cervical spondylosis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

objectives : This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bee Venom acupuncture therapy for sprain of L -spine. Methods : A randomized double blinding study of bee venom acupuncture therapy was conducted on sprain of L-spine. We divided sprain of L-spine patient into 2 groups: one group with both acupuncture and saline acupuncture therapy, and another group with both acupuncture and bee venom acupuncture therapy. To estimate the efficacy of treatment that applied for two groups, we used visual analog scale(VAS) and oswestry disability index(ODI). We compared the VAS and ODI score of two groups statistically. Results : 1. As a result of evaluation by using visual analog scale(VAS) and oswestry disability index(ODI), treatment score after 5 days was marked more higher than score before treatment and treatment score after 10 days treatment was more higher than treatment score after 5 days on each groups. 2. After 10 days treatment, acupuncture and bee venom acupuncture therapy group had significant result on visual analog scale(VAS) and oswestry disability index(ODI) compared with acupuncture and saline acupuncture therapy group. Conclusion : Bee Venom acupuncture therapy can be used with acupuncture therapy for highly effective treatment for sprain of L-spine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.433-438
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to compare a 975-nm, 500-mW GaAlAs low-level laser therapy versus placebo low-level laser therapy with regard to the immediate changes on the myofascial trigger point of the dominant upper trapezius muscle in subjects with rounded shoulder posture. METHODS: Thirty-two male college students with rounded shoulder posture and shoulder pain consented to participate in the experiment. The subjects were randomly assigned to a 2-minute procedure with either an active GaAlAs low-level laser or a placebo GaAlAs low-level laser. The pressure-pain threshold and visual analog scale on tenderness at 3 kg were measured with an algometer before and after the laser treatments. RESULTS: The active GaAlAs low-level laser group showed significant changes in pressure-pain threshold and visual analog scale on tenderness at 3 kg (p<0.05). The placebo GaAlAs low-level laser group showed no significant changes in either pressure-pain threshold or visual analog scale on tenderness at 3 kg (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: An immediate effect was observed in pressure-pain threshold and visual analog scale on tenderness at 3 kg following a 2-minute application ($857.14J/cm^2$) of a 975-nm, 500-mW GaAlAs low-level laser to the myofascial trigger point of the dominant upper trapezius muscle in patients with rounded shoulder posture.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.136-143
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability of visual analog scale in assessing the degree of acute pain related to blood sugar test. A sample of 113 subjects is composed of 56 DM patients and 57 their family who are admitted in a ward of medical part of C university hospital in Gwangju. Data are collected from July, 2001 to December, 2001. The degree of pain is twice measured in a week interval. Correlations were moderate between times in DM patients group and healty group. In both measures, correlations were high between VAS score and the score of color pain circle measurement tool. Visual analog scale is methodologically sound instrument for assessment of acute pain. Further study will be needed to evaluate the correlation with physiology measurement.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.28.1-28.4
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• 2012

There were no studies available measuring the ability to follow instructions for meditation. Hence, the present study was planned to assess the ability to follow instructions for the four mental states viz., cancalata (random thinking), ekagrata (non-meditative concentration), dharana (focused meditation) and dhyana (defocused meditation or effortless meditation) described in yoga texts. Sixty male volunteers with ages ranging from 18 to 31 years (group mean age ${\pm}$ S.D., $22.78{\pm}2.73$) participated in the study. They were assessed using a visual analog scale immediately after each of the four states on four different days. The results showed that following dharana, scores on the visual analog scale were significantly lower compared to those related to cancalata, ekagrata and dhyana. Hence, dharana is the most difficult of the four states.