• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2012

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread pain with a low pain threshold. The aim of this study was to compare two criteria for the diagnosis and assessment of FM and to analyze the correlation and agreement between the 1990 and 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) preliminary diagnostic criteria for FM. Methods: We studied 98 patients who had already been diagnosed as having FM using the 1990 criteria or 2010 preliminary criteria. Tender point examination, FM impact questionnaire (FIQ) and pain visual analog scale (VAS) were obtained. According to the preliminary criteria, FM was quantified as WPI (widespread pain index) and the SS scale (symptom severity) and the two criteria were compared. Results: Among 98 patients, 78.6% of the patients were diagnosed with the 1990 ACR criteria and 93.9% of the patients were diagnosed with the ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria, and there was also significant agreement between the two criteria (P < 0.01). There was a correlation with the WPI and the tender point, with the SS and the FIQ, and with the sum of the WPI and SS and the FIQ. Conclusions: The ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria for FM were in agreement with the 1990 ACR criteria during the disease course. The preliminary criteria were the more sensitive method than the 1990 criteria. In addition, the 2010 criteria might have advantages since it is easy to assess the physical and psychological symptoms and can be quantified. Therefore, the ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria for FM could be used more conveniently for clinical diagnosis and follow up evaluation after starting management of FM.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of warm-up and cool-down exercises on pain and muscle activation of delayed onset muscle soreness after intense exercise. Delayed onset muscle soreness was caused by the eccentric exercise in the elbow flexor muscle of the non-dominant upper limb. Forty-four subjects volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: warm-up and cool-down group, only warm-up group, only cool-down group, or control group with no intervention. The level of perceived pain using the visual analogue scale and electromyographic activation change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction were measured 4 times at the following times: 10 min, 24 hr, 48 hr, and 72 hr after the exercise. The results revealed the main effect between the groups and interaction effect between the group and measurement session (p<.05). The warm-up and cool-down group showed most favorable results with respect to reduced perceived pain level and increased muscle strength in most measurement sessions, and the only warm-up group showed significantly more decreased pain level than the control group at 24 hr and 48 hr and more increased muscle activation than the cool-down group at 48 hr (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences in pain level and muscle activation between the only cool-down group and control group at all measurement sessions (p>.05). The findings suggest that the warm-up exercise performed before an intense exercise had beneficial effects on the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness, whereas cool-down exercise performed after the intense exercise did not.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

Objectives : This is a clinical report on a 63-year-old female patient with Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) treated by oriental medicine treatments. Methods : The patient was treated by acupuncture, moxibustion and herb medication. The improvement of the patient was judged by Visual Analog Scale(VAS). Results : The pain had been gradually reduced and VAS became 2 after the treatment for 25 days. Conclusions : Oriental medicine treatment including Bogigeopung-san was very effective to improve the TN patient's symptoms. It is necessary to have more observations and cases on the patients with TN.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.229-237
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical feasibility of using dehydrothermally cross-linked collagen membrane (DCM) for bone regeneration around peri-implant dehiscence defects, and compare it with non-cross-linked native collagen membrane (NCM). Methods: Dehiscence defects were investigated in twenty-eight patients. Defect width and height were measured by periodontal probe immediately following implant placement (baseline) and 16 weeks afterward. Membrane manipulation and maintenance were clinically assessed by means of the visual analogue scale score at baseline. Changes in horizontal thickness at 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm below the top of the implant platform and the average bone density were assessed by cone-beam computed tomography at 16 weeks. Degradation of membrane was histologically observed in the soft tissue around the implant prior to re-entry surgery. Results: Five defect sites (two sites in the NCM group and three sites in the DCM group) showed soft-tissue dehiscence defects and membrane exposure during the early healing period, but there were no symptoms or signs of severe complications during the experimental postoperative period. Significant clinical and radiological improvements were found in all parameters with both types of collagen membrane. Partially resorbed membrane leaflets were only observed histologically in the DCM group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, compared with NCM, DCM has a similar clinical expediency and possesses more stable maintenance properties. Therefore, it could be used effectively in guided bone regeneration around dehiscence-type defects.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.231-239
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to report the effect and safety of oriental medical treatment in the pregnant woman diagnosed to herniation of nuclues pulposus(HNP) at L5-S1 with central protrusion and left S1 nerve root. Methods : A 32-year old pregnant woman diagnosed HNP at L5-S1 at local hospital was admitted with low back pain and left leg rad pain. We treated her by acupuncture, a herbal medicine, cupping treatment and measured visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI) and Roland-Morris disability qustionnaire(RMDQ) from 5th March 2010 to 26th March 2010. Results : After treatment, most symptoms decreased, VAS score changed 10 to 2, ODI changed 388, RMDQ changed 13 to 6. Conclusions : In this study, oriental medical treatment was effective and safe in pregnant woman with HNP at L-spine. But the rigorous studies will be needed to define clearly that oriental medical treatment is effective and safe in pregnant women with HNP at L-spine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this report is to introduce a case of osteochondral lesions of the left talus caused by ankle sprain and suggest complex traditional Korean medical care with warm needling therapy as a possible method of conservative treatment. Methods : A 20-year-old male with osteochondral lesions of the left talus complaining of ankle pain and restricted range of movement was treated mainly with warm needling therapy and other combined Korean medicine therapy from January 5, 2015 to January 12, 2015. Improvements of symptoms were measured by American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Score (AOFAS Score), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Range of movement (ROM). Results : During 8 days of treatment, the patient showed gradual improvement in AOFAS score, VAS at rest and at weight bearing position, as well as ROM of the ankle. Conclusion : According to the result, warm needling therapy is a possible conservative treatment for osteochondral lesions of the talus. Further studies are needed regarding possible longterm effects.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2020

Background: Blood stasis (BS) is commonly used for pattern identification in traumatic injuries, including traffic accidents (TAs). Various studies have identified the efficacy of Korean medicine treatments for TA patients, but studies focusing on the BS-based herbal medicine (BSHM), including Tongdo-san (TDS), are rare. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective observational study, conducted from August 24^th, 2018 to December 27^th, 2018, which included 40 TA patients. Participants underwent routine Korean medicine treatments including acupuncture, electronic moxibustion, cupping, physical therapy, and herbal medicine. In the herbal medicine treatment, participants took BSHM with more than 3 days including taking TDS. The primary outcome measures were the scores from a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcome measures included scores from EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) and EQ-VAS questionnaires, the BS and cold/heat indices, and safety assessments. Results: There were significant improvements in the VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, EQ-VAS scores, and BS index after treatment. In the sub-analysis, VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, and EQ-VAS scores were higher in groups with a higher BS index. The moderate and severe BS index groups showed more improvement than the minor BS index group, and there was a significant difference in the EQ-5D scores. There was no significant differences observed in cold/heat index groups scores. Conclusion: BS is associated with TA-related symptoms. BSHM, including TDS, may significantly reduce BS, pain, and discomfort.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2020

Although benign gastric ulcers do not develop into gastric cancer, they are similar to early gastric cancer and difficult to distinguish. This may lead to misconsider early gastric cancer as gastric ulcer while diagnosing. Since gastric cancer does not have any special symptoms until discovered, it is important to detect gastric ulcers by early gastroscopy to prevent the gastric cancer. Therefore, we developed a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model that can be helpful for endoscopy. 3,015 images of gastroscopy of patients undergoing endoscopy at Gachon University Gil Hospital were used in this study. Using ResNet-50, three models were developed to classify normal and gastric ulcers, normal and gastric cancer, and gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. We applied the data augmentation technique to increase the number of training data and examined the effect on accuracy by varying the multiples. The accuracy of each model with the highest performance are as follows. The accuracy of normal and gastric ulcer classification model was 95.11% when the data were increased 15 times, the accuracy of normal and gastric cancer classification model was 98.28% when 15 times increased likewise, and 5 times increased data in gastric ulcer and gastric cancer classification model yielded 87.89%. We will collect additional specific shape of gastric ulcer and cancer data and will apply various image processing techniques for visual enhancement. Models that classify normal and lesion, which showed relatively high accuracy, will be re-learned through optimal parameter search.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.289-300
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• 2017

Objectives: This case report describes the effect of Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture (HPP) on multiple sclerosis. Methods: A multiple sclerosis patient with gait disturbances, tremors, spasms of both lower limbs, and diplopia was treated with only HPP for two weeks. To evaluate the effects of HPP on the balance ability of the patient, the Functional System (FS) scale, Expanded Disability Statue Scale (EDSS), visual analog scale (VAS), manual muscle test (MMT), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were used. Results: The HPP treatment reduced the patient's gait disturbance, tremors, spasms of the lower limbs, and diplopia. According to the FS scale, the patient's cerebellar and optic functions were enhanced. In addition, the patient's performance on the EDSS improved from 4.0 to 3.0.3. As shown by the MMT, the lower extremities showed a mild improvement (from F+ to G.4). Furthermore, the VAS showed a considerable improvement, decreasing from 9 to 6.5 post-treatment. The patient's performance on the BBS, which denotes balance ability, showed a considerable improvement, increasing from 38 to 49. Conclusion: Treatment with only HPP could help to ameliorate the symptoms of multiple sclerosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.83-100
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• 2017

Research purpose : Review of the systematized medical theory of Huangdi within the first series of conversations including questions and answers between Leigong and Huangdi. Conclusions : 1. "Huang-di-Nei-Jing" records the 5 theories of Huangdi's system of thinking (黃帝學派). Among these, the contents of the questions and answers with Leigong led to the establishment of the first of Huangdi's treatises. 2. In the questions and answers exchanged between Leigong and Huangdi, the Suwen (素問) Chapter deals with the areas of Yinyang, Zangfu, Cause and Mechanism of diseases, as well as medical ethics. Moreover, the "Lingshu (靈樞)" Chapter discusses distribution of meridian system, routes of circulation of energies, symptoms, acupuncture therapy and diagnosis, etc. 3. Characteristics of the medicine of Leigong and Huangdi can be summarized as follows: Firstly, 12 meridian systems of the "Jingmai (經脈)" section describes the meridian system that ceaselessly circulates in the shape of loops with the inner and outer aspects linked with each other. Secondly, regarding the methods of diagnosis, the "Yinyangleilun (陰陽類論)" section describes the method of diagnosis through palpation of pulse. In addition, the "Wuse (五色)" section describes visual diagnosis that uses five colors. The Wuhang combination of spleen, liver, kidney of "Shicongronglun (示從容論)" section also includes the Wuhang theory of "Jinwenshangshu (今文尙書)". The "Wuse" section discusses areas of the face and five colors, while the "Yinyangleilun" discusses the 'Yinyancixiongmaifa (陰陽雌雄脈法)', the "Jingmai" discusses the 'Yinyancunkoumaifa (人迎寸口脈法)', and the "Zhengsishilun" and "Fangchengshuailun" discuss 'chifuzhenfa (尺膚診法)'. Thirdly, Huangdi's school of thinking did not neglect bencao (本草) and tangye (湯液), which are discussed in the "Jiejingweilun" and "Shicongronglun" sections.