• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2005

Objective: The prolactinoma is the most common pituitary tumor and sometimes shows severe invasiveness to the adjacent cavernous sinus, especially in the male patient. The dopamine agonist can be used as an alternative treatment modality to surgery. But, the transsphenoidal or transcranial approach for tumor removal has been more preferred treatment option of neurosurgeons in invasive prolactinoma. Especially rapid decompression of mass effect and resolution of the neurologic deficit is demanded. The prospective study is done in order to identify the therapeutic efficacy of bromocriptine as an initial treatment option for the invasive prolactionomas. Methods: Twenty patients with invasive prolactinoma were studied. Preoperative neurological and endocrinological evaluations were done, and size and invasiveness of the tumor was estimated on MRI. Bromocriptine was administrated by increasing dose planning reaching maximum dose at 1 month of treatment, with close neurological and endocrinological monitoring. At 3months after treatment, MRI was taken and decision was made whether to continue bromocriptine or to have surgical intervention. Results: Thirteen patients showed excellent result with only bromocriptine treatment. These patients showed not only marked reduction of tumor volume and prolactin level, but also, improving clinical symptoms and other hormonal deficits. 13patients who had visual field defect and decreased visual acuity had all improved visual symptoms. But, the remaining 4patients required surgical treatment due to insufficient reduction of tumor size inspite of normalized prolactin level within 3months. Remaining 2patients had $20{\sim}30%$ of tumor size reduction, but prolactin level was not normalized. One patient required radiation therapy. Conclusion: Bromociptine can be used as initial treatment for the invasive prolactinomas with careful monitoring of the neurological and endocrinological status. It should be carefully followed up for tumor size reduction within 3 months after initiation of treatment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.531-536
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate eye fatigue and analyze symptoms of visual discomfort according to near work in young adults. A survey was conducted on 347 young adults aged 25.37 years (142 male and 205 female participants). The eye fatigue using Conlon questionnaire were surveyed and near work was investigated amounts of daily computer and smartphone. The score of eye fatigue was $13.65{\pm}7.11$ in less than 2 h/d, $16.83{\pm}6.77$ in 2~4 h/d, $18.88{\pm}6.60$ in 4~6 h/d, and $18.83{\pm}5.62$ in more than 6 hours(p=0.001). Also, headache(p<0.030), re-reading(p<0.036), and movement and fading(p<0.001) symptoms increased according to amounts of near work.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.797-803
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• 2019

Introduction: The aim of this study was to report the effect of Korean medicine treatments on a stroke patient with homonymous hemianopsia. Case Presentation: A 50-year-old male with a posterior cerebral artery infarction had continuously deteriorating symptoms of right homonymous hemianopsia, fatigue, dizziness, and light sensitivity. Treatment with Korean medicine therapy, including acupuncture and herbal medicine significantly improved the patient's symptoms. The result of a visual field test (VFI) was also improved after treatment, and no side effects were observed during treatment. Conclusion: Korean medicine treatment can be considered an effective treatment for homonymous hemianopsia in stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.47-62
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• 2022

Objectives : To analyze and understand the clear meaning of Nochae(勞瘵), which is used in the same meaning as tuberculosis in Korean medicine. Methods : Nochae was mainly investigated using the Korean medicine classic DB(https://mediclassics.kr). Records that clearly revealed the visual observation of Nochaechung(勞瘵蟲), the cause of Nochae, and those that do not were arranged in chronological order. It was also analyzed what modern diseases are similar to Nochae. Results : Records that Nochaechung can be observed visually through feces or vomiting suggested the possibility of ascariasis. Nochaechung, which has a shape similar to silkworms and causes symptoms such as coughing and hemoptysis similar to those of tuberculosis while parasitic on human, suggested the possibility of paragonimus westermani. Based on the record that it showed symptoms of coughing and hemoptysis along with chills, fever, and weight loss, Nochae might have been a disease such as pneumonia and lung cancer as well as tuberculosis. Records of women's bloating, weight loss, anorexia, and jaundice suggested that Nochae might have been a liver cirrhosis. Conclusions : Records that clearly reveal the visual observations of Nochaechung, suggested that Nochae was a parasitic disease such as ascariasis or paragonimiasis. Records that visual observation of Nochaechung was not clearly revealed, suggested that Nochae might have been diseases such as pneumonia, lung cancer, and liver cirrhosis in addition to tuberculosis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 2023

Psychogenic dysphagia is a deglutition disorder characterized by a fear of swallowing, with no structural or functional causes. This report presents the case of a young male patient who had severe malnutrition due to psychogenic dysphagia and was provided visual biofeedback using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). A healthy 25-year-old man presented to our clinic with a complaint of throat discomfort when swallowing that had started 6 months prior. As the symptoms worsened, he became fearful of food spreading to his lungs after swallowing and the development of respiratory difficulties. His food intake gradually decreased, resulting in a weight loss of 20 kg within 2 months. Evaluation of organic and other functional causes of dysphagia was performed, but no abnormalities were detected. The sensation of a lump in his throat, fear of swallowing, and anxiety were transformed into somatic symptoms. The patient was diagnosed with psychogenic dysphagia. After visual biofeedback by a physician who performed FEES, the patient resumed eating normally and increased his food intake. If routine tests do not reveal structural or functional causes of dysphagia, assessment of a psychogenic swallowing disorder should be considered. FEES can help in the diagnosis and management of psychogenic dysphagia.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

■ Background Patients with posterior cerebral artery infarction could complain of visual field defects or prosopagnosia that does not recognize a person's face. However, there has been no standardized treatment for these symptoms. ■ Case report A 57-year-old male patient complained homonymous hemianopia and prosopagnosia after posterior cerebral artery infarction. After combined Korean medicine treatment for 49 days, subjective visual field was improved and the discomfort associated with visual field defect and the disability of recognizing people was decreased. Evaluations were took place by assessing visual field using Automated Perimetry and Confrontation visual field exam. Discomfort caused by visual field defects or prosopagnosia was evaluated by visual analog scale. The patient was treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medications. ■ Conclusion The present case report suggests that combined Korean medicine treatment might be effective to resolution of homonymous hemianopia and prosopagnosia after stroke.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.191-202
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• 2019

This study examines the effect of luminance contrast ratio of character on readability and visual fatigue during an hour-long reading session while using a tablet PC in ambient environments having low luminance limited to $25cd/m^2$. Experiments were conducted with four patterns of the tablet's luminance contrast ratio of characters, namely 1:2.5, 1:4.5, 1:6.5, and 1:8.5, in low ambient luminance of $9cd/m^2$ and $25cd/m^2$. The obtained results show that the characters can be easily read at the luminance contrast ratio of character of 1:8.5 under surface luminance of $25cd/m^2$. Visual fatigue was evaluated through a subjective survey of symptoms. Physical, psychological, and visual fatigue were observed at a surface luminance of $9cd/m^2$, whereas solely visual fatigue was felt at a surface luminance of $25cd/m^2$. By assessing the physical fatigue using the value, it has been found that smaller the luminance contrast ratio of character, greater is the CFF variation rate. Furthermore, readability is poor and visual fatigue can be observed when the surface luminance is lower than the ambient luminance. However, readability can be improved by increasing the luminance contrast ratio of character to a value of 1:8.5. Thus, in low luminance environments, luminance contrast ratio of characters can affect readability and fatigue. Consider providing the full form of "CFF" so that the acronym can be used unambiguously throughout the manuscript.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.127-145
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of oriental-western medicine integrative care after gynecology surgery by DSOM((Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine) and improvement of major symptoms. Methods: 66 patients belonged to the experimental group and 47 patients belonged to the control group out of 113 patients taken gynecology surgery. We studied general characteristics and difference on DSOM results between the two groups. And we had patients answer questionnaires about major symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, headache, fatigue, urinary discomfort, constipation, lumbago, edema, tingling, digestive disorder, cough, pruritus, arthralgia, cold feeling by VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) in order to analyze improvement and difference between two groups. Results: Experimental group had significantly high score on deficiency of blood, blood stasis, dryness, spleen, kidney, phlegm and high frequency on deficiency of blood, dampness, kidney, phlegm pathogenesis in DSOM. It had significantly high intensity in symptoms of abdominal discomfort, headache, fatigue, urinary discomfort, constipation, lumbago at the first time, and headache at 1 month after western hospital discharge out of symptoms associated with surgery. And it had significantly high improvement in symptoms of abdominal discomfort, headache, urinary discomfort, constipation at oriental-western integrative hospital discharge, and headache, fatigue, urinary discomfort, constipation, lumbago at 1 month after western hospital discharge out of symptoms associated with surgery. Conclusion: We recognized that oriental-western medicine integrative care after gynecology surgery has significant effect.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 2010

Objective : Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is described as a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden headache, vomiting, visual impairment, and meningismus caused by rapid enlargement of a pituitary adenoma, We retrospectively analyzed the clinical presentation and surgical outcome in PA presenting with cranial neuropathy. Methods : Twelve cases (33%) of PA were retrospectively reviewed among 359 patients diagnosed with pituitary adenoma, The study included 6 males and 6 females, Mean age of patients was 49,0 years, with a range of 16 to 74 years, Follow-up duration ranged from 3 to 20 months, with an average of 12 months, All patients were submitted to surgery, using the transsphenoidal approach (TSA). Results : Symptoms included abrupt headache (11/12), decreased visual acuity (12/12), visual field defect (11/12), and cranial nerve palsy of the third (5/12) and sixth (2/12) Mean height of the mass was 29.0 mm (range 15-46) Duration between the ictus and operation ranged from 1 to 15 days (mean 7.0) The symptom duration before operation and the recovery period of cranial neuropathy correlated significantly (p = 0.0286) TSA resulted in improvement of decreased visual acuity in 91.6%, visual field defect in 54.5%, and cranial neuropathy in 100% at 3 months after surgery. Conclusion : PA is a rare event, complicating 3.3% in our series, Even in blindness following pituitary apoplexy cases, improvement of cranial neuropathy is possible if adequate management is initiated in time, Surgical decompression must be considered as soon as possible in cases with severe visual impairment or cranial neuropathy.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2022

■Background Overall prevalence of visual field loss after stroke was estimated at 31%, ranged from 5.5- 57%. Among them, homonymous hemianopia is the most common symptom of post-stroke visual field loss and leads to a decrease in the quality of life and therapeutic effect. However, standard treatment has not been established. ■Case report A 48-year-old male with right side homonymous hemianopia by a left occipital-parietal lobe hemorrhage was treated with Qu-Ji-Du-Huang-Wan, acupuncture and electroacupuncture for 20 days. We used confrontation visual field exam, automated perimetry and visual analog scale for evaluating symptoms. Following treatment, confrontation visual field exam and the subjective discomfort was improved. ■Conclusions The present case report suggests that combined Korean medicine treatment might be an effective treatment of post-stroke homonymous hemianopia. A number of follow up studies should be conducted to clarify the effectiveness of treatment.