• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2017

Objective: This study aims to survey visual search performance models to assess and predict individual's visual tasks in everyday life and industrial sites. Background: Visual search is one of the most frequently performed and critical activities in everyday life and works. Visual search performance models are needed when designing or assessing the visual tasks. Method: This study was mainly based on survey of literatures related to ergonomics relevant journals and web surfing. In the survey, the keywords of visual search, visual search performance, visual search model, etc. were used. Results: On the basis of the purposes, developing methods and results of the models, this study categorized visual search performance models into six groups: probability-based models, SATO models, visual lobe-based models, computer vision models, neutral network-based models and detection time models. Major models by the categories were presented with their advantages and disadvantages. More models adopted the accuracy among two factors of accuracy and speed characterizing visual tasks as dependent variables. Conclusion: This study reviewed and summarized various visual search performance models. Application: The results would be used as a reference or tool when assessing the visual tasks.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

This study is concerned with predicting human search performance using a visual lobe. The most previous studies on human performance in visual search have been limited to a single-target search. This study extended the visual search research to multiple-target search including targets of different types as well as targets of same types. A model for predicting visual search performance was proposed and the model was validated by human search data. Additionally, this study found that human subjects always did not use a constant ratio of the whole visual lobe size for each type of targets in visual search process. The more conspicuous the target is, the more ratio of the whole visual lobe size human subjects use. The model that can predict human performance in multiple-target search may facilitate visual inspection plan in manufacturing.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.45-69
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• 2024

Purpose - To examine the influence of mobile visual search as a strategic technology service on consumer perceived economic value and customer commitments, which in turn affect consumer's usage intention of mobile visual search. This study also explores the moderating effect of different levels of consumer online shopping orientation. Design/methodology/approach - One-by-one open-ended in-depth interview was first undertaken to 15 Korean consumers to figure the features of mobile visual search. Then a conceptual model was built to verify the hypotheses that indicate the impact of mobile visual search on consumer perceived economic value and customer commitment, which further influence consumer's usage intention. Findings - The results show Convenience, Information quality, Personalization, Text-free search interface design and Visual communication of mobile visual search positively influence consumer perceived economic value and customer commitment and in turn positively affect consumer's usage intention. Moreover, the different levels of consumer online shopping orientation also found to have different effects on consumers' perception and behavior of using mobile visual search in online fashion shopping. Research implications or Originality - The present study verified that mobile visual search is a service tool that consumers want to use in the online fashion shopping journey since it provides economic benefits.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.111-129
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• 2009

본 연구는 시각화 정보검색시스템이 실제 정보검색환경에서 이용자에게 원활하게 수용될 수 있는지에 대한 경험적인 분석을 제공하고자, 상용 학술데이터베이스의 텍스트 기반 검색과 비주얼검색의 사용성을 비교 평가하고, 실험순서에 따라 사용성 평가에 있어 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 검색소요시간과 처리동작횟수에 있어서 텍스트 기반 검색이 비주얼검색보다 더 효율적인 것으로 나타났으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사용성에 대한 인식에 있어서도 텍스트 기반 검색이 비주얼 검색보다 전체적으로 더 높게 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to predict human visual target search using ACT-R cognitive architecture in real scene images. Background: Human uses both the method of bottom-up and top-down process at the same time using characteristics of image itself and knowledge about images. Modeling of human visual search also needs to include both processes. Method: In this study, visual target object search performance in real scene images was analyzed comparing experimental data and result of ACT-R model. 10 students participated in this experiment and the model was simulated ten times. This experiment was conducted in two conditions, indoor images and outdoor images. The ACT-R model considering the first saccade region through calculating the saliency map and spatial layout was established. Proposed model in this study used the guide of visual search and adopted visual search strategies according to the guide. Results: In the analysis results, no significant difference on performance time between model prediction and empirical data was found. Conclusion: The proposed ACT-R model is able to predict the human visual search process in real scene images using salience map and spatial layout. Application: This study is useful in conducting model-based evaluation in visual search, particularly in real images. Also, this study is able to adopt in diverse image processing program such as helper of the visually impaired.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2009

A visual stress may provoke migraine, cephalalgia, intervene a long term reading and learning capability and reduce the productivity of a laborer who uses computer for a good while. In this study, a web based screening tool for visual stress was developed, it applied to 72 visually normal young persons in parallel with traditional questionnaire about symptoms of visual stress. To estimate visual stress, It is proposed to measure difference of visual search time of Han Gul characters as targets between visual stressful pattern and non-visual stressful pattern as global background of characters. As a result of test, 5 subjects were screened whose mean visual search time in the stressful pattern with 6 CPD spatial frequency increase significantly more than in none stressful pattern(t-test, one-tailed, p=$1.0407\times10^{-11}$). 2 of them were diagnosed as mild visual stress syndrome in the clinic. None had visual distortion and 50% of subjects had visual discomfort in results of the questionnaire. Correlation between visual search time increase rate and normalized number of visual discomfort may be slight(C. coefficient=0.1355). This study may contribute as a basic research for screening person with migraine, visual reading disabilities and VDT syndrome. It is required to apply the test to visual reading disabilities, migraine with visual distortion and/or visual discomfort as well as normal person for higher reliability of the screening tool.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2003

Visual search in an unstructured search field is a fruitful research area for computational modeling. Search models that describe relationship between search time and probability of target detection have been used for prediction of human search performance and provision of ideal goals for search training. Until recently, however, most of models were focused on detecting a single target in a search field, although, in practice, a search field includes multiple targets and search models for multiple targets may differ from search models for a single target. This study proposed a random search model for multiple targets, generalizing a random search model for a single target which is the most typical search model. To test this model, human search data were collected and compared with the model. This model well predicted human performance in visual search for multiple targets. This paper also proposed how to determine optimal stopping time in multiple-target search.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.731-740
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• 2015

Mobile (smartphone) search engine marketing is increasingly important. Accordingly, the development of visual apparel search technology to obtain easier and faster access to visual information in the apparel field is urgently needed. This study helps establish a proper classifying system for an apparel search after an analysis of search techniques for apparel search applications and existing domestic and overseas apparel sites. An annotation technique is developed in accordance with visual attributes and apparel categories based on collected data obtained by web crawling and apparel images collecting. The categorical composition of apparel is divided into wearing, image and style. The web evaluation site traces the correlations of the apparel category and apparel factors as dependent upon visual attributes. An appraisal team of 10 individuals evaluated 2860 pieces of merchandise images. Data analysis consisted of correlations between apparel, sleeve length and apparel category (based on an average analysis), and correlation between fastener and apparel category (based on an average analysis). The study results can be considered as an epoch-making mobile apparel search system that can contribute to enhancing consumer convenience since it enables an effective search of type, price, distributor, and apparel image by a mobile photographing of the wearing state.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2015

According to much research on cognitive science, the impact of the scene-context on human visual search in real-world images could be as important as the saliency. Therefore, this study proposed a method of Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) modeling of visual search in real-world images, based on saliency and scene-context. The modeling method was developed by using the utility system of ACT-R to describe influences of saliency and scene-context in real-world images. Then, the validation of the model was performed, by comparing the data of the model and eye-tracking data from experiments in simple task in which subjects search some targets in indoor bedroom images. Results show that model data was quite well fit with eye-tracking data. In conclusion, the method of modeling human visual search proposed in this study should be used, in order to provide an accurate model of human performance in visual search tasks in real-world images.

• 인지과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

인간의 시각 체계는 제한된 용량으로 인해 매 순간 입력되는 정보들 중에 필요한 일부 정보만을 선택하는 주의 기제를 사용한다. 최근의 여러 연구들은 주의가 요구되는 시각 탐색 과제에서 탐색 자극에 대한 기억이 주의의 이동 과정에 사용될 수 있음을 보고해 왔다(Chun & Jiang, 1998, 1999; Klein, 1988; Klein 1998; Maclnnes, 1999). 하지만 다른 일련의 연구들은, 인간의 시각 정보 유지능력이 순간적으로 일어나는 시각적 변화를 잘 탐지하지 못할 뿐 아니라(Rensink, O'Regan, & Clark, 1997; Simons & Levin, 1997), 시각 탐색에서도 기억이 형성되지 못해, 이미 탐색한 대상에 대한 재탐색이 계속적으로 이루어짐을 주장하였다(Horowitz & Wolfe, 1998). 본 연구에서는 시각 탐색 과정에서 이미 탐색한 자극이나 그 위치에 대한 기억이 사용되어 탐색 효율성에 영향을 주는지 알아보기 위해, 재탐색을 할 수 없도록 제한한 탐색조건(부분 노출 조건, 확장 노출 조건)을 새로 고안하여 이들 조건에서의 탐색 효율성이 기존의 탐색 방식을 제한하지 않는 탐색 조건(전체 노출 조건)에서의 탐색 효율성과 어떤 차이를 보이는지를 비교하였다. 만일 일반적인 탐색 환경인 전체 노출 조건에서 재탐색이 일어난다면, 재탐색이 일어나지 않도록 조작한 다른 조건에 비해 탐색 효율성이 떨어질 것으로 예상하였다. 실험 결과, 탐색 효율성은 탐색 조건에 상관없이 비슷하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 실험 참가자들 이 전체 노출 조건에서도 탐색했던 대상에 대해서 재탐색을 거의 하지 않았음을 의미하는 것이며, 따라서 탐색 과정에서 기억이 사용되고 있는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구 결과는 시각 탐색에 기억이 사용되지 않는다는 최근의 일부 연구 결과와 상반된 것으로서, 기존 연구 패러다임의 문제점과 가능한 해석들을 논의하였다.